scholarly journals Whole Blood Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Positive Effects of Dried Olive Pomace-Supplemented Diet on Inflammation and Cholesterol in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Iannaccone ◽  
Andrea Ianni ◽  
Solange Ramazzotti ◽  
Lisa Grotta ◽  
Elettra Marone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Olive Industry

Olive pomace (OP) represents one of the by-products of the olive industry and represents an important source of bioactive compounds. This characteristic makes OP a potential feed supplement in livestock nutrition. Thus, in the last years, several studies have been published to evaluate the productive traits following OP supplementation in animal diets; however, relatively little is known from a molecular biology standpoint. Therefore, in this study, we report the RNA-sequencing analysis of laying hens fed with a 10% dried OP (DOP) supplementation. Applying a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 and a Log2Fc either less than −1.5 or higher than +1.5, we identified 264 differentially regulated genes (DEGs) between the non-supplemented diet control group (CTR) and the DOP group. Using the 264 DEGs to identify enriched biological pathways, we noted that cholesterol biosynthesis showed the highest enrichment followed by several pathways related to immune response and inflammation. As a consequence, when we quantified the cholesterol amount in yolk egg, we found a significant reduction in the DOP vs. the CTR group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that DPO affects gene expression in laying hens, which is directly correlated with cholesterol decrease and can potentially ameliorate health status influencing immune response and inflammation.

scholarly journals Application of Selenium Conjugated to Animal Protein in Laying Hens’ Diet for the Production of Selenium-Enriched Eggs

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Kai Qiu ◽  
Youbiao Ma ◽  
Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Haijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Immune Capacity ◽  
Biochemical Indices

The current experiment was conducted to investigate the application effects of selenium conjugated to insect protein (SCIP) in the production of selenium-enriched eggs. A total of 450 laying hens were randomly assigned to five dietary groups, each group consisting of six replicates. Hens in the control group received a diet without selenium supplementation, whereas hens in the other four groups received diets supplemented with either 1, 2, 5, or 10 mg/kg of selenium from SCIP. The productive performance, egg quality, antioxidant and immune capacity, biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, and oviduct health of laying hens were evaluated. The results showed that the supplementation of organic selenium provided by SCIP in the diets of laying hens enhanced performance and egg quality without any toxicity effect, even at the 10 mg/kg inclusion level. A level of 2 mg/kg of selenium provided by SCIP in diets tentatively improved the serum antioxidant and immune capacity, intestinal development, and oviduct health of laying hens in a conspicuous manner. Hence, the biosafety and positive effects of SCIP as a feed additive supplement in laying hens’ diet have been demonstrated with the enhanced production of safe and selenium-enriched eggs.

scholarly journals Replacing Maize Grain with Ancient Wheat Lines By-Products in Organic Laying Hens’ Diet Affects Intestinal Morphology and Enzymatic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6554
Author(s):  
Nicola Francesco Addeo ◽  
Basilio Randazzo ◽  
Ike Olivotto ◽  
Maria Messina ◽  
Francesca Tulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
By Products

The effects of replacement of maize grain with ancient wheat by-products on intestinal morphometry and enzymatic activity in laying hens was studied. Eighty hens were divided into two groups (40 each, 8 replicates, 5 hens/replicate) fed two isoproteic and isoenergetic diets. In the treated group, part of the maize was replaced by a mix of ancient grains (AGs) middling, in a 50:50 ratio of Triticum aestivum L. var. spelta (spelt) and Triticum durum dicoccum L. (emmer wheat). The AG diet affected the weight of all the large intestine tracts, decreasing the weight of caeca (p < 0.01) and increasing those of colon (p < 0.01), rectum and cloaca (p < 0.05). Villus height in the AG group was higher (p < 0.01) than the control for the duodenum and jejunum, while for the ileum, the control group showed the highest values (p < 0.01). The submucosa thickness was higher (p < 0.01) in the control group for the duodenum and ileum, while the jejunum for the AG group showed the highest (p < 0.05) submucosa thickness. The crypts depth was higher (p < 0.01) in the control group for the duodenum and ileum. Enzyme activity was enhanced by AGs (p < 0.01) in the duodenum. Regarding the jejunum, sucrase-isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase had higher activity (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) in the AG group. In the ileum, sucrase-isomaltase showed higher activity (p < 0.01) in the control group, while alkaline phosphatase showed the highest values (p < 0.05) in the AG group. Overall, results suggested that the dietary inclusion of AGs exerted positive effects in hens, showing an improved intestinal function.

scholarly journals Effects of feed supplementation with manganese from its different sources on performance and egg parameters of laying hens

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Venglovská ◽  
Ľ. Grešáková ◽  
I. Plachá ◽  
M. Ryzner ◽  
K. Čobanová
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of feed supplementation of laying hens with manganese from its inorganic and organic sources on performance and some parameters of egg quality. Ninety-six hens at 20 weeks of age were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, each consisting of 6 replicates (4 birds per replicate). The control group was fed unsupplemented basal diet (BD) with only natural background Mn level of 46.4 mg/kg feed. For the three experimental treatments, the BD was supplemented with 120 mg Mn/kg either from Mn-sulphate or Mn-chelate of protein hydrolysate (Mn-Pro) or Mn-chelate of glycine hydrate (Mn-Gly). After 8 weeks of dietary treatments the egg production, egg weight, feed intake, and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary treatments. Regardless of the sources, Mn supplementation to feed resulted in significantly decreased percentages of cracked eggs compared to the unsupplemented control group. The thickness, weight, proportion, and index of eggshell were significantly elevated in all groups supplemented with Mn. The intake of Mn-Gly resulted in considerably increased Mn deposition in egg yolk compared to the control eggs. In the control and Mn-sulphate groups yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) started to increase after 20 and 30 days of egg storage respectively, whereas in eggs from hens given organic Mn-sources this parameter was not affected up to 40 days. Although there were no significant differences in MDA values between the treatments until 20 days of storage, the Mn-sulphate group showed significantly higher MDA concentration in yolks compared to the control group after 30 days of storage. These results demonstrate that supplementation of hens&rsquo; diet with Mn has positive effects on eggshell quality. Feed supplementation with Mn from organic sources appears to be more effective in preventing yolk lipid oxidation during cold storage of eggs than that from Mn-sulphate. &nbsp;

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Vikram V Nimbalkar ◽  
Urmila E Kadu ◽  
Ravina P Shelke ◽  
Suvarna A Shendge ◽  
Pratiksha N Tupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nonspecific Immunity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: The immune system is intrinsic to health. Modulation of the immune responses to alleviate the diseases by using herbal plants has been of interest for many years. Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroid saponin mainly present in the seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) and in the root tubers of wild yams (Dioscorea villosa). Activation of specific and nonspecific immunity results in stimulation of immune response. Diosgenin has the positive effects on both specific and nonspecific immunity. Aim: To study the immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in albino wistar rats. Method: The suspension of Diosgenin was given orally at the dosage level of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 21 days in a rat. The immunomodulatory activity on specific and non-specific immunity was studied by heamagglutination antibody (HA) titer, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and carbon clearance test.  Immunosuppression in a rat was induced by using Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were used as antigen (0.1ml 20% SRBCs). Result: Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in the production of antibody titer in response to SRBC antigen. A significant increase in both primary and secondary HA titer was observed in immunosuppressed group treated with Diosgenin when compared with negative control.  A significant increase in the DTH response was observed in immunosuppressed animals treated with Diosgenin, pre-sensitized with SRBCs antigen. Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in phagocytic index against control group, indicating the stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. Conclusion: The study indicates that Diosgenin triggers stimulatory effect on specific and nonspecific immune response. The immunostimulant effect of Diosgenin could be attributed due to its saponin glycoside.

Egg quality and production performance of laying hens injected with growth hormone and testosterone in the late phase of production

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
H. Mohammadi ◽  
Z. Ansari-Pirsaraei ◽  
S. N. Mousavi ◽  
M. Bouyeh ◽  
A. Gholibeikifard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Positive Effects

In this study, 160 73-week-old laying hens (HyLine W-36) were used to investigate the changes in production performance and egg quality parameters of aged laying hens after injection of different doses of growth hormone (GH) and a fixed dose of testosterone (Ts). The hens were weighed individually, placed in laying cages and then randomly assigned to four treatments with four replicates of 10 birds each, in a completely randomised design. The experiment was started at the 75th week and lasted until the 82nd week of age. The treatments were: 1: injection of 100 µL distilled water (control group), 2: injection of 500 µg Ts/kg liveweight + 50 µg GH/kg liveweight, 3: injection of 500 µg Ts/kg liveweight + 100 µg GH/kg liveweight and 4: injection of 500 µg Ts/kg liveweight + 150 µg GH/kg liveweight. In this study, ovulation rate (egg production percent), egg mass and feed intake were significantly higher in Treatment 3 than the control group (P < 0.05), and in Treatment 4, feed conversion ratio was significantly higher than for the other experimental groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the birds in Treatment 3 showed greater egg weight, albumen height, eggshell weight, eggshell density and eggshell weight per surface area than the control group (P < 0.05). In Treatment 3, egg length significantly increased compared with Treatments 1 and 4 (P < 0.05), and in Treatments 2 and 4, shell breaking strength was significantly lower than for the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed positive effects of GH and Ts administration on egg quality parameters and production performance in aged laying hens. Taken together, in the present study Treatment 3 was found more effective in improving egg quality and production performance of the old laying hens.

scholarly journals Exposure to hypoxia causes stress erythropoiesis and downregulates immune response genes in spleen of mice

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijing Wang ◽  
Daoxin Liu ◽  
Pengfei Song ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Xiangwen Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Stress Erythropoiesis ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ and the main site where stress erythropoiesis occurs. It is known that hypoxia triggers the expansion of erythroid progenitors; however, its effects on splenic gene expression are still unclear. Here, we examined splenic global gene expression patterns by time-series RNA-seq after exposing mice to hypoxia for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 13 days. Results Morphological analysis showed that on the 3rd day there was a significant increase in the spleen index and in the proliferation of erythroid progenitors. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the overall expression of genes decreased with increased hypoxic exposure. Compared with the control group, 1380, 3430, 4396, 3026, and 1636 genes were differentially expressed on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 13, respectively. Clustering analysis of the intersection of differentially expressed genes pointed to 739 genes, 628 of which were upregulated, and GO analysis revealed a significant enrichment for cell proliferation. Enriched GO terms of downregulated genes were associated with immune cell activation. Expression of Gata1, Tal1 and Klf1 was significantly altered during stress erythropoiesis. Furthermore, expression of genes involved in the immune response was inhibited, and NK cells decreased. Conclusions The spleen of mice conquer hypoxia exposure in two ways. Stress erythropoiesis regulated by three transcription factors and genes in immune response were downregulated. These findings expand our knowledge of splenic transcriptional changes during hypoxia.

scholarly journals Effect of injection hatching eggs with Newcastle disease vaccine and different doses of vitamin E on some productive traits and immune response of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Mushtaq T. Abdulwahid
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
And Control ◽  
Newcastle Disease Vaccine ◽  
Different Doses

     This study aimed to investigate the effects of injection hatching eggs with different doses of vitamin E on productive traits, some physiological and immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine. Two hundred fertile eggs of broiler breeder Ross (308) strain were incubated in automatic incubator machine after divided into four treatments (50 eggs per treatment) with two replicates. First treatment was injected 0.1ml/egg of phosphate buffer sterile into amniotic fluid at day 18th of incubation which it was considered as control group, second treatment was injected with 0.1ml/egg of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine, third treatment was injected with 0.1ml/egg of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine and 0.1 ml/egg of vitamin E, fourth treatment was injected with 0.1ml/egg of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine and 0.15 ml/egg of vitamin E. All injected eggs were carried back into incubator for complete hatching process. Hatched chicks were transferred to the hall in farm of the Veterinary Medicine College/University of Baghdad; therefore, the chicks were distributed into four treatments with two replicates depending on the previously treated groups until fifth week of age. The results revealed that the treated groups with vitamin E were significantly (P≤0.05) increased in hatchability percentage, body weight, weight gain, as well as significant reduce in feed intake and improvement in feed conversion ratio as compared with second group and control, the results of third group showed significantly increased (P≤0.05) in antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus at aged (21 and 35) day as compared with the other treated groups and control.

TCR Vbeta Repertoire Analyses in Childhood Aquired Servere Aplastic Anemia: A New Predictor for IST Response?.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701-1701
Author(s):  
Bernd Hubner ◽  
Monika Fuhrer ◽  
Michael Gombert ◽  
Friedhelm R. Schuster ◽  
Jochen Harbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
T Cell Repertoire ◽  
Cell Repertoire ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Abstract Acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia (aSAA) is a rare disease characterized by pancytopenia and bone marrow hypocellularity. There is good clinical and laboratory evidence that a T-cell mediated autoimmune mechanism directed against stem- and progenitor cells located in bone marrow plays a major role in the pathogenesis of aSAA. Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are the two treatment options. One of the key issues selecting the appropriate treatment is the long latency period of 4–6 months before a response to IST. In a large multicenter prospective study in children we could show that the severity of the disease (i.e. degree of granulocytopenia &lt; 200/μl) is predictive for response to IST. The spectratyping (immunoscope)-technique reflects the T-cell diversity by determining the T-cell receptor (TCR) CDR3 length polymorphisms. Since the grade of polymorphism is proportional to the number of peaks detected, it is possible to determine a complexity score which reflects the diversity of the T-cell population. Herein, we prospectively analyzed the clonality of Vbeta TCR-repertoires in bone marrow of children with aSAA (n=6). After treatment with IST we correlated the initial diversity of the T-cell repertoire with their response 4–6 months after the start of IST. Moreover, we addressed the question weather the bone marrow T-cell repertoire is skewed by the expansion of specific cells, which indicates an antigen driven immune response located in BM. For that we compared the complexities of bone marrow (BM) and respective peripheral blood (PB) derived lymphocytes. The Vbeta profiles in bone marrow compared to PB were skewed in aSAA patients (n=4) most apparent in the CD8 population (figure). The complexities in the healthy control group (n=3) were similar in both compartments. Furthermore, in patients with a haematological response (n=3) a decrease in complexity of T-lymphocytes was present in BM compared to IST non-responders (n=3). The decreased complexity reflects a high number of monoclonal expansions in BM as determined by sequencing analysis of 37 (CD4) and 55 (CD8) CDR3 regions. However, we could not detect preferential usage of specific Vbeta families, J-beta segments or uncommon features in CDR3 size compared to V(D)J-rearranged sequences in the NCBI Prot database. Our findings presented here provide evidence for BM specific proliferation of lymphocytes possibly due to an antigen driven immune response. Moreover, the TCR complexity at diagnosis is associated with a later IST response and could thus be used as an additional predictor for the appropriate treatment. Figure Figure Figure Figure

scholarly journals Evaluation of cottonseed bioactive peptides supplementation on performance, egg quality, and total antioxidant activity of serum in laying hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Landy ◽  
Farshid Kheiri
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Diet Supplements ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Background A study was undertaken to assess the effect of bioactive peptides derived from cottonseed (BPC) supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum and yolk in laying hens. A total of seventy-two 22-week-old Bovans White hens were randomly allocated to 12 cages to have similar cage body weight (1520 ± 5 g). The dietary treatments consist of basal diet (control) and basal diet supplements with 5 g BPC/kg of diet. Recording data initiated after 2 weeks. Results In the second week, hens fed diets containing BPC had significantly higher egg mass and egg weight (P < 0.05). Final BW was significantly higher in laying hens fed diets containing BPC (P < 0.05). The percentage of egg white protein as one of the highest quality proteins available was significantly higher in laying hens fed diets supplemented with BPC (P < 0.05). Hens fed diets containing BPC had significantly higher TAC compared with control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results indicated that addition of BPC to Bovans White hens at peaking period, receiving nutrient adequate diets, could induce favorable influences on egg quality and TAC of egg.

scholarly journals Dissecting the microenvironment around biosynthetic scaffolds in murine skin wound healing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Hu ◽  
Chenyu Chu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Shue Jin ◽  
Renli Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sequencing Analysis

AbstractStructural properties of biomaterials play critical roles in guiding cell behaviors and influence the immune response against them. We fabricated electrospun membranes with three types of surface topography (Random, Aligned, and Latticed). The aligned membranes showed immunomodulatory ability, and led to faster wound healing, reduced fibrotic response and enhanced regeneration of cutaneous appendages when used in skin wound repair. Based on that, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on cells from wounded mouse skin in the presence or absence of the Aligned scaffold. Keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells showed diverse cellular heterogeneity. More hair follicle progenitor cells, inner root sheath cells (anagen-related) and fibroblast subsets were found in the Aligned group, which corresponded to the improved regeneration of hair follicles and faster wound closure in the presence of scaffold. Immune responses towards the biomaterial differed from that of control group. In aligned samples, infiltrated macrophages and neutrophils were reduced, whereas more effector T cells were recruited. The time course of immune response was possibly advanced towards an adaptive immunity-dominant stage by the scaffold. The microenvironment around scaffold involved intricate interplay of immune cells and cutaneous cells, and wound healing was the comprehensive results of numerous influencing factors working together.

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