scholarly journals Efficacy of Thai Plant Extracts for Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities against Pathogenic Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
Dennapa Saeloh ◽  
Monton Visutthi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria has impacted the outcome of current therapeutics as a threat to global healthcare; novel medicines are urgently needed. Thirteen medicinal plants were collected in Northeastern Thailand, and their crude ethanolic extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 using the broth micro-dilution method. Piper betle leaf ethanolic extract showed optimal activity against both representative bacterial strains. Activity was also observed against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and E. coli, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.31 mg/mL to 2.5 mg/mL and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranging from 0.62 mg/mL to 2.5 mg/mL. A time-kill study revealed that the extract activity was time- and dose-dependent, and also bactericidal on the tested bacteria. P. betle extract inhibited biofilm formation and promoted biofilm eradication in both S. aureus and E. coli. 4-Allyl-1,2-diacetoxybenzene and eugenol were identified as the most abundant compounds in the extract and may play major roles in the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity. Results suggest that ethanolic P. betle leaf extract shows promise as an alternative method for the prevention of bacterial diseases.

Nghiên cứu sự kháng kháng sinh của các chủng vi khuẩn gây nhiễm khuẩn đường tiết niệu phân lập được tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Đa khoa Nghệ An

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trâm Quế Anh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

TÓM TẮT Đặt vấn đề: Xác định đúng căn nguyên gây NKĐTN và mức độ kháng kháng sinh của các vi khuẩn sẽ giúp cho việc điều trị có hiệu quả, giảm được chi phí điều trị, hạn chế sự gia tăng vi khuẩn đề kháng kháng sinh. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Các chủng VK gây nhiễm khuẩn đương tiết niệu phân lập được tại bệnh viện Hữu nghị Đa khoa Nghệ An từ 1/2020 đến 12/2020. Thiết kế nghiên cứu: Cắt ngang mô tả. Kết quả: Phân lập được 473 chủng vi khuẩn gây NKĐTN, trong đó, E. coli 38,48%; P. aeruginosa 14,15; Enterococcus sp 10,57; K. pneumoniae 13,32%. E. coli: kháng các kháng sinh Cephalosporine, Quinolones từ 56,7 - 63,8%, Carbapenem 4,5 - 6,2%, sinh ESBL 49,4%. P. aeruginosa: đã kháng các kháng sinh thử nghiệm từ 59,1 - 69,2%. Enterococcus sp: kháng với các kháng sinh nhóm Quinolone 73,5%, kháng Vancomycin 8,3%; Chưa ghi nhận đề kháng Linezolid. K. pneumoniae: kháng nhóm Cephalosporin, Quinolone từ 66,7 - 74,6%, đề kháng với Carbapenem từ 46,0 - 50,8%. Kết luận: Các vi khuẩn gây nhiễm khuẩn tiết niệu thường gặp là: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp. K. pneumoniae. Các vi khuẩn phân lập được đã đề kháng với nhiều kháng sinh thường dùng với các mức độ khác nhau. Xuất hiện các chủng vi khuẩn Gram âm kháng Carbapenem, Gram dương kháng Vancomycin. Từ khóa: Nhiễm khuẩn tiết niệu, E.coli, Klebsiella, P.aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp ABSTRACT RESEARCH OF ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA STRAINS CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS ISOLATED AT NGHEAN FRIENDSHIP GENERAL HOSPITAL Background: The good identification of UTI microorganism and their antimicrobial susceptibility would promote the effective treatment, reduce the cost as well as the emergence of drug resistant bacteria. Methods: Bacterial strains causing urinary tract infections were isolated at Nghe An Friendship General Hospital from 1/2020 to 12/2020. Study design: Descriptive cross section. Results: 473 bacterial strains causing UTIs were isolated, in which, E. coli 38.48%; P. aeruginosa 14.15; Enterococcus sp 10.57; K. pneumoniae 13.32%. E. coli: resistant to Cephalosporin antibiotics, Quinolones from 56.7 - 63.8%, Carbapenem 4.5 - 6.2%, producing ESBL 49.4%. P. aeruginosa: was resistant to the tested antibiotics from 59.1 - 69.2%. Enterococcus sp: resistant to Quinolone antibiotics 73.5%, resistant to Vancomycin 8.3%; Linezolid resistance has not been recorded. K. pneumoniae: resistant to Cephalosporin, Quinolone from 66.7 - 74.6%, resistant to Carbapenem from 46.0 - 50.8%. Conclusion: Common bacteria causing urinary tract infections are: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp. K. pneumoniae. The isolates were resistant to many commonly used antibiotics to varying degrees. Occurrence of strains of Gram - negative bacteria resistant to Carbapenem, Gram - positive resistant to Vancomycin. Keywords: Urinary Tract infections, E. coli, Klebsiella, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of Piper betle ethanolic extract against ESBL producing Escherichia coli in sepsis induced BALB/c mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 015 (02) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Shod Abdurrachman Dzulkarnain ◽  
Irene Ratridewi ◽  
Vanianissa Hanareta Hantoko ◽  
Yessy Chairani Puspita Sari ◽  
Dewi Santosaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Sepsis is an organ dysfunction caused by dysregulation of immune response towards systemic infection with high incidence and mortality rate. Innovative breakthrough is required to manage sepsis especially extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) induced sepsis. Utilization of Piper betle extract to manage sepsis could be considered as an alternative therapy and should be proven scientifically so meropenem utilization could be reduced. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Piper betle ethanolic extract in BALB/c mice infected with ESBL producing E. coli. We identified terpene, apiol, polyphenol, eugenol, myristicin, flavonoid, safrole, lynalil acetate, and allyl tetramethoxy benzene in the Piper betle ethanolic extract using thin layer chromatography. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the Piper betle ethanolic extract against ESBL producing E. coli was 3 mg/mL assessed using broth dilution method. We evaluated the effect of Piper betle ethanolic extract to the survival rate of BALB/c mice infected with ESBL producing E. coli. The single dose administration of Piper betle ethanolic extract prolonged the survival rate of the infected BALB/c mice for 6 hours.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Paederia foetida Plant Leaves’ Extracts Against Some Selected Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Arnaba S Chaity ◽  
Tamanna Nasrin ◽  
Khandker J Ferdouse ◽  
Md. Fazlul Haque ◽  
Md. Asadul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana ◽  
Paederia Foetida ◽  
Kalanchoë Blossfeldiana

There is an alternative approach to control the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially resistant bacteria. This study was designed to determine the antimicrobial activities of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Paederia foetida plants’ extracts against some selected bacterial strains. K. blossfeldiana and P. foetida leaves were extracted in methanol. In vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated against 12 bacterial strains including, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus sciuri, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus iniae, Aeromonas diversa, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Siccibacter colletis, Edwardsiella anguillarum, Aeromonas cavernicola, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, and Vibrio rotiferianus. Antimicrobial activities were screened by the disk diffusion method. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth dilution method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 statistical software. In antimicrobial screening, both the plant extracts showed highest inhibition (15 mm zone diameter) against S. gallinarum at the concentration of 20 μg/disk and 15 μg/disk, respectively. In the MIC test, both K. blossfeldiana and P. foetida leaves’ extracts showed the lowest MIC value of 100 μg/ml on V. rotiferianus and S. iniae, respectively. From the above findings, it can be concluded that the extracts may be used as a natural antibacterial agent for the treatment of some bacterial diseases. Further investigations on the chemical composition and possible isolation of active ingredients are warranted.

Moxifloxacin derivatives with potential antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongxing Chen ◽  
Huarui Xue ◽  
Yazhou Xu ◽  
Tianwei Ma ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Background: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has already tormented humanity and the environment for a long time and is responsible for many difficult-to-treat infections. Unfortunately, there are limited therapeutic options, and MRSA isolates with complete resistance to vancomycin, the first-line drug for the treatment of MRSA infections, have already emerged in recent years. Moxifloxacin retained activity against mutant bacterial strains with various levels of fluoroquinolones resistance and had a lower potential to select for resistant mutants. Isatin is a versatile structure, and its derivatives are potent inhibitors of many enzymes and receptors. The fluoroquinolone-isatin derivatives demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant organisms. The structure-activity relationship elucidated that incorporation of 1,2,3-triazole moiety into the C-7 position of fluoroquinolone skeleton was favorable to the antibacterial activity. Accordingly, fluoroquinolone derivatives with isatin and 1,2,3-triazole fragments at the side chain on the C-7 position are promising candidates to fight against drug-resistant bacteria. Objective: To explore more active moxifloxacin derivatives to fight against MRSA and enrich the structure-activity relationships. Methods: The synthesized moxifloxacin derivatives 7a-i and 14a-f were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against a panel of MRSA strains by means of standard two-fold serial dilution method. Results: The majority of the synthesized moxifloxacin derivatives were active against most of the tested MRSA strains with MIC values in a range of 1 to 64 μg/mL. The mechanistic investigations revealed that topoisomerase IV was one of the targets for antibacterial activity. Conclusion: These derivatives are useful scaffolds for the development of novel topoisomerase IV inhibitors.

scholarly journals The Delivery of the Novel Drug ‘Halicin’ Using Electrospun Fibers for the Treatment of Pressure Ulcer against Pathogenic Bacteria

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
Walaa S. Aburayan ◽  
Rayan Y. Booq ◽  
Nouf S. BinSaleh ◽  
Haya A. Alfassam ◽  
Abrar A. Bakr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Pressure ulcer or bedsore is a form of skin infection that commonly occurs with patients admitted to the hospital for an extended period of time, which might lead to severe complications in the absence of medical attention, resulting in infection either by drug-sensitive or drug-resistant bacteria. Halicin, a newly discovered drug effective against several bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant bacteria, was investigated to reduce bacterial infection burden. This study aims to formulate halicin into electrospun fibers to be applied in bedsores as antibacterial dressing to assess its efficacy against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) by studying the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bacterial zone of inhibition assays. The diameters of inhibition growth zones were measured, and the results have shown that the drug-loaded fibers were able to inhibit the growth of bacteria compared to the halicin discs. The release profile of the drug-loaded fibers exhibited a complete release of the drug after 2 h. The results demonstrated that the drug-loaded fibers could successfully release the drug while retaining their biological activity and they may be used as a potential antimicrobial dressing for patients with pressure ulcers caused by multidrug resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Synergistic action of substituted indole derivatives and clinically used antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 579-590
Author(s):  
Danielle N Turner ◽  
Leslie Edwards ◽  
Alexander Kornienko ◽  
Liliya V Frolova ◽  
Snezna Rogelj
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Current Report

Aim: The current report describes the discovery of indole derivatives that synergize with standard antibiotics. Materials & methods: The antibacterial activities were determined using an optimized time–kill method, while viability of mammalian cells was assessed using the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: The synergy is observed with methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains, against which the standard antibiotics show no activities of their own. Our indole derivatives in combination with antibiotics lack toxicity toward mammalian cells, do not promote the evolution of resistance of S. aureus in comparison to clinically established antibiotics, and likely work by permeabilizing bacterial cell membranes. Conclusion: The above-mentioned findings demonstrate the potential clinical applications of our indole derivatives.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities, Phytochemical Screening and Metal Analysis of Medicinal Plants: Traditional Recipes Used against Diarrhea

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Mahmood ◽  
Ruqia Nazir ◽  
Muslim Khan ◽  
Abdul Khaliq ◽  
Mohammad Adnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli

The aim of this study was to explore the phytochemical composition, heavy metals analysis and the antibacterial activity of six medicinal plants i.e., Terminalia chebula Retz (fruits), Aegle marmelos L., (fruits), Curcuma longa L., (rhizomes), Syzygium aromaticum L., (flower buds), Piper nigrum L., (seeds), Cinnamomum cassia L., (barks) and its two remedial recipes (recipe 1 and 2) used against diarrhea obtained from the local herbal practitioners (Hakeems). A preliminary phytochemical screening of the above-mentioned plants extract in methanol, chloroform, n-hexane and distilled water revealed the presence of various constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins by using standard procedures. The quantitative phytochemical studies shows that alkaloids, flavonoid and saponins were in maximum amount in Terminalia chebula. The concentration of Cd, Ni, Pb, Fe, Cr, Cu and Zn were investigated by using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The obtained analysis shows that Cr, Fe and Pb were present in the highest concentration in medicinal plants and their recipes. The antibacterial activities of the crude extract found in the recipes of methanol, chloroform, n-hexane and distilled water were analyzed by using agar well disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth dilution method against four bacterial strains, namely, E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), respectively. The maximum zones of inhibition in methanol, water, chloroform and n-hexane extracts were seen in recipe 2 against Shigella (22.16 ± 0.47 mm), recipe 2 against Shigella (20.33 ± 0.24 mm), recipe 1 against Shigella (20.30 ± 0.29 mm) and recipe 2 against E. coli (30.23 ± 0.12 mm), respectively. Furthermore, the recipe extracts are more active against the tested bacterial strains than the extracts from individual plants. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of herbal plants and their recipes are the major source of drugs in a traditional medicinal system to cure different diseases.

scholarly journals Presence of pathogenic bacteria in faeces from dogs fed raw meat-based diets or dry kibble

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (9) ◽  
pp. e71-e71
Author(s):  
Ellinor Runesvärd ◽  
Camilla Wikström ◽  
Lise-Lotte Fernström ◽  
Ingrid Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

BackgroundFeeding dogs with raw meat-based diets (RMBD) has increased in popularity in recent years. Proponents claim that RMBD is more natural for dogs, because it is what their ancestors (wolves) eat. Opponents claim that RMBD is a health hazard to both humans and animals, with a risk of spreading zoonotic bacteria and resistant bacterial strains.MethodsThis cross-sectional study investigated differences in bacteria shedding in faeces between dogs fed RMBD and dogs fed dry kibble. Faeces samples from 50 dogs from the same municipality were analysed for the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella.ResultsFor the 25 dogs fed RMBD, ESBL E coli was isolated from 13 faeces samples, Campylobacter from 12 and Salmonella from 1. For the 25 dogs fed dry kibble, ESBL-producing E coli was isolated from one faeces sample and Campylobacter from four, while Salmonella was not detected.ConclusionThere was thus a significant difference in excretion of zoonotic and resistant bacteria in faeces between dogs fed RMBD and dogs fed dry kibble. These results confirm that RMBD can pose a microbiological risk not only for dogs, but also for people handling RMBD and faeces from dogs.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract of four species of Rutaceae family

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-468
Author(s):  
Hong Thien Van ◽  
Dang Gia Man Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Tuong An Quynh ◽  
Van Son Le
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
First Time

In this study, the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract from the leaves of four Rutaceae species, including Acronychia pedunculata, Clausena excavata, Glycosmis pentaphylla and Luvunga scandens, were performed using the agar disk diffusion method for the first time. The ethanolic extracts from the leaves of A. pedunculata and G. pentaphylla were able to resist against all six bacterial strains with zones of inhibition for Bacillus cereus (17.3±2.1 mm, 20.8±1.0 mm) Staphylococcus aureus (8.5±0.5 mm, 17.6±0.3 mm) Escherichia coli (16.7±2.1 mm, 15.3±1.2 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.7±0.6 mm, 14.0±1.7 mm), Salmonella enteritidis (22.3±0.6 mm, 24.6±0.5 mm) and Salmonella typhimurium (9.5±0.9 mm, 8.3±0.6 mm). On the other hand, the ethanolic extract of C. excavata leaf was resistant to B. cereus (12.3±0.6 mm), S. aureus (11.6±0.5 mm), E. coli (11.5±2.1 mm), P. aeruginosa (10.6±0.3 mm) while B. cereus (8.2±0.3 mm), S. aureus (9.3±0.6 mm), E. coli (8.5±0.5 mm) and S. typhimurium (8.3±0.6 mm) were inhibited by the ethanolic extract of L. scandens leaf. This study could provide necessary information for further application of these species in medicine.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF JUICE AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L. LEAVES

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
DINIATIK ◽  
ELZA SUNDHANI ◽  
MUHAMMAD TAUFIQ NUGROHO ◽  
EUIS NUR HIKMAH ◽  
RETNO WAHYUNINGRUM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
E Coli

Objective: Garcinia mangostana is a plant that can be used as a traditional medicine to treat various infectious diseases for the treatment of diarrhea, skin infection, and chronic wounds. The activity as antifungal and antibacterial of juice and ethanolic extract from G. mangostana leaves were investigated. Methods: Juice and ethanolic extract were concentrated using a rotary evaporator to get concentrated extract with rendemen 2.571 and 5.647% (w/w). Juice and ethanolic extract dilution method were employed to evaluate the antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ethanolic extract dilution method was used to assess the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Results: The results of this research showed that juice and ethanolic extract were effective against S. cerevisiae, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was 1000, and 500 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity of the G. mangostana leaves ethanolic extract showed that the action was potential with the inhibition zone in B. subtilis and E. coli. Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that juice and ethanolic extract of G. mangostana leaves have possible antifungal and antibacterial activity.

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