scholarly journals Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽  
Célia F. Rodrigues ◽  
Farukh Sharopov ◽  
Anca Oana Docea ◽  
Aslı Can Karaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Heart and blood vessels disorders comprise one of the main causes of death worldwide. Pharmacologically active natural compounds have been used as a complementary therapy in cardiovascular disease around the world in a traditional way. Dietary, natural bioactive compounds, as well as healthy lifestyles, are considered to prevent coronary artery diseases. Pre-clinical and clinical studies reported that consumption of plant-food bioactive derivatives including polyphenolic compounds, peptides, oligosaccharides, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids possess protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize the cardiovascular risk factors, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials related to cardioprotective properties of the plant-food-derived bioactive compounds. Molecular mechanisms by the natural bioactive compounds exert their cardiovascular protective properties have also been highlighted.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on the cardiovascular system

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 334-339
Author(s):  
Branko Jakovljevic ◽  
Katarina Paunovic ◽  
Goran Belojevic ◽  
Vesna Stojanov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Protective Effects

Consumption of alcoholic beverages has been known in many cultures since the ancient civilizations, so harmful consequences of excessive alcohol intake have been well explained. Many epidemiological studies confirmed lower morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases in persons who drink alcohol "moderately" (1-2 drinks a day), independently of the kind of alcoholic beverage. This paper presents the review of molecular mechanisms that are believed to explain cardioprotective effect of moderate drinking-alcohol effects on lipoproteins, endothelial cells, blood clot formation and dissolution, as well as genetic and gender variances modifying the relation. A simple recommendation regarding the increase of alcohol consumption cannot be made on population level. The professionals must therefore concentrate on other preventive methods in order to reduce other significant risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals The Potential of Hydrogen Sulfide Donors in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2194
Author(s):  
Yi-Zhen Wang ◽  
Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Hui-Wen Qi ◽  
Mi-Rong Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Improve Heart Function ◽  
Different Cell Types

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has long been considered as a toxic gas, but as research progressed, the idea has been updated and it has now been shown to have potent protective effects at reasonable concentrations. H2S is an endogenous gas signaling molecule in mammals and is produced by specific enzymes in different cell types. An increasing number of studies indicate that H2S plays an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis, and in most cases, H2S has been reported to be downregulated in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Similarly, in preclinical studies, H2S has been shown to prevent CVDs and improve heart function after heart failure. Recently, many H2S donors have been synthesized and tested in cellular and animal models. Moreover, numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to demonstrate the effects of these donors. In this review, we will provide an update on the role of H2S in cardiovascular activities and its involvement in pathological states, with a special focus on the roles of exogenous H2S in cardiac protection.

Role of MCP-1 in cardiovascular disease: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianli Niu ◽  
Pappachan E. Kolattukudy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury

Many of the major diseases, including cardiovascular disease, are widely recognized as inflammatory diseases. MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) plays a critical role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. MCP-1, by its chemotactic activity, causes diapedesis of monocytes from the lumen to the subendothelial space where they become foam cells, initiating fatty streak formation that leads to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Inflammatory macrophages probably play a role in plaque rupture and the resulting ischaemic episode as well as restenosis after angioplasty. There is strong evidence that MCP-1 plays a major role in myocarditis, ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the heart and in transplant rejection. MCP-1 also plays a role in cardiac repair and manifests protective effects under certain conditions. Such protective effects may be due to the induction of protective ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress chaperones by MCP-1. Under sustained ER stress caused by chronic exposure to MCP-1, the protection would break down resulting in the development of heart failure. MCP-1 is also involved in ischaemic angiogenesis. The recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that might be involved in the roles that MCP-1 plays in cardiovascular disease are reviewed. The gene expression changes induced by the signalling events triggered by MCP-1 binding to its receptor include the induction of a novel zinc-finger protein called MCPIP (MCP-1-induced protein), which plays critical roles in the development of the pathophysiology caused by MCP-1 production. The role of the MCP-1/CCR2 (CC chemokine receptor 2) system in diabetes, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is also reviewed briefly. MCP-1/CCR2- and/or MCPIP-targeted therapeutic approaches to intervene in inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, may be feasible.

scholarly journals Health Benefits and Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol: A Narrative Review

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Meng ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Cai-Ning Zhao ◽  
Ren-You Gan ◽  
Hua-Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Resveratrol is a bioactive compound in many foods. Since its anticancer activity was reported in 1997, its health benefits have been intensively investigated. Resveratrol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, glucose and lipid regulatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective effects, therefore, can protect against diverse chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, liver diseases, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. This review summarizes the main findings of resveratrol-related health benefits in recent epidemiological surveys, experimental studies, and clinical trials, highlighting its related molecular mechanisms. Resveratrol, therefore, has been regarded as a potent candidate for the development of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals to prevent and treat certain chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. and Its Bioactive Compounds on Cardiovascular Organs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mas Rizky AA Syamsunarno ◽  
Ratu Safitri ◽  
Yusof Kamisah
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Blood Stasis ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
Tropical Asia

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. The long-term aim of cardiovascular disease therapy is to reduce the mortality rate and decelerate the progression of cardiovascular organ damage. Current therapies focus on recovering heart function and reducing risk factors such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. However, oxidative stress and inflammation are important causes of further damage to cardiovascular organs. Caesalpinia sappan Linn. (Fabaceae), a flowering tree native to tropical Asia, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a natural dye to color food and beverages and as a traditional treatment for diarrhea, diabetes, and blood stasis. The phytochemical compounds in C. sappan, mainly the homoisoflavonoids brazilin, sappanone A, protosappanin, and hematoxylin, can potentially be used to protect cardiovascular organs. This review aims to provide updates on recent developments in research on C. sappan in relation to treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have reported protective effects of the plant’s bioactive compounds that reduce cardiac damage and enhance vasorelaxation. For example, brazilin and sappanone A have an impact on molecular and cellular changes in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, mainly by modulating oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic signaling pathways. Therefore, bioactive compounds of C. sappan have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents to combat cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction and vascular disease. This review could help further the understanding of the possible modulatory role of the compounds in cardiovascular diseases, thereby facilitating future studies.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds Exerting Lipid-Regulatory, Anti-Inflammatory and Epigenetic Effects as Complementary Treatments in Cardiovascular Diseases

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Toma ◽  
Gabriela Maria Sanda ◽  
Loredan Stefan Niculescu ◽  
Mariana Deleanu ◽  
Anca Volumnia Sima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Scientific World

Atherosclerosis is the main process behind cardiovascular diseases (CVD), maladies which continue to be responsible for up to 70% of death worldwide. Despite the ongoing development of new and potent drugs, their incomplete efficacy, partial intolerance and numerous side effects make the search for new alternatives worthwhile. The focus of the scientific world turned to the potential of natural active compounds to prevent and treat CVD. Essential for effective prevention or treatment based on phytochemicals is to know their mechanisms of action according to their bioavailability and dosage. The present review is focused on the latest data about phenolic compounds and aims to collect and correlate the reliable existing knowledge concerning their molecular mechanisms of action to counteract important risk factors that contribute to the initiation and development of atherosclerosis: dyslipidemia, and oxidative and inflammatory-stress. The selection of phenolic compounds was made to prove their multiple benefic effects and endorse them as CVD remedies, complementary to allopathic drugs. The review also highlights some aspects that still need clear scientific explanations and draws up some new molecular approaches to validate phenolic compounds for CVD complementary therapy in the near future.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Food Components for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects, Mechanisms, and Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dan-Dan Zhou ◽  
Min Luo ◽  
Ao Shang ◽  
Qian-Qian Mao ◽  
Bang-Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
High Prevalence

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have gained increasing attention because of their high prevalence and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies revealed that intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and cereals could reduce the risk of CVDs, and their antioxidants are considered as the main contributors. Moreover, experimental studies showed that some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds exerted beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, rutin, and puerarin. The mechanisms of action mainly included reducing blood pressure, improving lipid profile, ameliorating oxidative stress, mitigating inflammation, and regulating gut microbiota. Furthermore, clinical trials confirmed the cardiovascular-protective effect of some antioxidant natural products, such as soursop, beetroot, garlic, almond, and green tea. In this review, we summarized the effects of some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds on CVDs based on the epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with special attention paid to the relevant mechanisms and clinical trials.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Centella asiatica and Its Triterpenes: A Review

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (16) ◽  
pp. 1203-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Nadia Mohd Razali ◽  
Chin Theng Ng ◽  
Lai Yen Fong
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Asiatic Acid ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Active Constituents

Abstract Centella asiatica, a triterpene-rich medicinal herb, is traditionally used to treat various types of diseases including neurological, dermatological, and metabolic diseases. A few articles have previously reviewed a broad range of pharmacological activities of C. asiatica, but none of these reviews focuses on the use of C. asiatica in cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize recent findings on protective effects of C. asiatica and its active constituents (asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, and madecassoside) in cardiovascular diseases. In addition, their beneficial effects on conditions associated with cardiovascular diseases were also reviewed. Articles were retrieved from electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords “Centella asiatica,” “asiatic acid,” “asiaticoside,” “madecassic acid,” and “madecassoside.” The articles published between 2004 and 2018 that are related to the aforementioned topics were selected. A few clinical studies published beyond this period were also included. The results showed that C. asiatica and its active compounds possess potential therapeutic effects in cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular disease-related conditions, as evidenced by numerous in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. C. asiatica and its triterpenes have been reported to exhibit cardioprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In conclusion, more clinical and pharmacokinetic studies are needed to support the use of C. asiatica and its triterpenes as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases. Besides, elucidation of the molecular pathways modulated by C. asiatica and its active constituents will help to understand the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective action of C. asiatica.

Melatonin as a potential therapeutic molecule against myocardial damage caused by high fat diet (HFD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Gargi Bose ◽  
Auroma Ghosh ◽  
Aindrila Chattopadhyay ◽  
Palash K Pal ◽  
Debasish Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Inflammatory Genes

     High fat diet (HFD) has been implicated as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases since the second half of the last century. The HFD causes various pathogeneses and progressions of cardiovascular diseases. The oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory reactions induced by the HFD are probably the major risk factors of myocardial damage. In this review we highlight the roles of different dietary fats on cardiovascular diseases and the protective effects of melatonin as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammation molecule on the pathology induced by HFD. The focus will be given to the molecular mechanisms. The protective effects of melatonin on HFD induced myocardial damage are mediated by multiple pathways. These include that melatonin suppresses the oxidative stress, preserves the normal fat and glucose metabolisms and reduces the pro-inflammatory reactions. Melatonin downregulates the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes of TLR4, NF-κB and NLRP3-Caspase1 but upregulates the expressions of anti-inflammatory genes of Sirt3, CTRP3 and RISK. All of these render melatonin as a powerful protector against cardiovascular diseases caused by the HFD. This review suggests that melatonin can be used as a therapeutic agent in this specific condition.  

Inflammageing in the cardiovascular system: mechanisms, emerging targets, and novel therapeutic strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (17) ◽  
pp. 2243-2262
Author(s):  
Danlin Liu ◽  
Gavin Richardson ◽  
Fehmi M. Benli ◽  
Catherine Park ◽  
João V. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Ach Receptors

Abstract In the elderly population, pathological inflammation has been associated with ageing-associated diseases. The term ‘inflammageing’, which was used for the first time by Franceschi and co-workers in 2000, is associated with the chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammatory processes coupled to biological ageing. The source of these inflammatory processes is debated. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been proposed as the main origin of inflammageing. The SASP is characterised by the release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altered regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic receptors, and abnormal NAD+ metabolism. Therefore, SASP may be ‘druggable’ by small molecule therapeutics targeting those emerging molecular targets. It has been shown that inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and adverse cardiac remodelling. Therefore, the pathomechanism involving SASP activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome; modulation of NLRP3 via α7 nicotinic ACh receptors; and modulation by senolytics targeting other proteins have gained a lot of interest within cardiovascular research and drug development communities. In this review, which offers a unique view from both clinical and preclinical target-based drug discovery perspectives, we have focused on cardiovascular inflammageing and its molecular mechanisms. We have outlined the mechanistic links between inflammageing, SASP, interleukin (IL)-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, nicotinic ACh receptors, and molecular targets of senolytic drugs in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We have addressed the ‘druggability’ of NLRP3 and nicotinic α7 receptors by small molecules, as these proteins represent novel and exciting targets for therapeutic interventions targeting inflammageing in the cardiovascular system and beyond.

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