COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): An Updated Evidence Mapping

Mucormycosis, a serious and rare fungal infection, has recently been reported in COVID-19 patients worldwide. This study aims to map all the emerging evidence on the COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) with a special focus on clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and patient outcomes. An extensive literature search was performed in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and WHO COVID-19 database till 9 June 2021. The primary outcome was to summarize the clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and patient outcomes of CAM. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and presented in tabular form. This evidence mapping was based on a total of 167 CAM patients with a mean age of 51 ± 14.62 years, and 56.28% of them were male. Diabetes mellitus (73.65% (n = 123)), hypertension (22.75% (n = 38)), and renal failure (10.77% (n = 18)) were the most common co-morbidities among CAM patients. The most common symptoms observed in CAM patients were facial pain, ptosis, proptosis, visual acuity, and vision loss. Survival was higher in patients who underwent both medical and surgical management (64.96%). Overall mortality among CAM patients was found to be 38.32%. In conclusion, this study found a high incidence of CAM with a high mortality rate. Optimal glycemic control and early identification of mucormycosis should be the priority to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to CAM.

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A Rare Case of Advanced Urethral Diverticular Adenocarcinoma and a Review of Treatment Modalities

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports ◽

10.1177/2324709619828408 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 232470961982840

Author(s):

Fatai Oluyadi ◽

Preethi Ramachandran ◽

Vladmir Gotlieb

Keyword(s):

Literature Search ◽

Treatment Approach ◽

Urethral Diverticulum ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Final Decision ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Extensive Literature Search ◽

Tract Infections

Female urethral diverticular cancer is a very rare entity with only around 100 cases reported so far in literature and accounts for <1% of all malignancies. In this article, we present a 47-year-old African American female with repeated hospital visits for urinary retention, hematuria, and urinary tract infections. Initial computed tomography imaging and cystoscopy was unremarkable except for a distended urinary bladder. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and corresponding cystoscopy eventually indicated the presence of a urethral diverticulum. She underwent urethral diverticulectomy and was found to have a mass arising from urethral diverticulum extending to vaginal walls. Her biopsy was suggestive of invasive adenocarcinoma in advanced stages, for which she subsequently underwent a total pelvic exenteration. Next-generation sequencing of the tumor showed CDKN2A/B loss, MSI-stable, and low TMB, thereby ruling out the options for targeted therapies. Extensive literature search and expert opinions were sought for her case since no consensus exists regarding the optimal therapeutic approach due to the rarity of this tumor. A final decision was made to treat her with platinum-based chemotherapy. Different treatment approaches including neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, and surgery followed by chemoradiation have been tried. Platinum-based chemotherapy has generally been preferred based on an extensive literature search. Multimodality treatment approach seems to be the current approach to management for advanced stages for better overall survival. This case illustrates the challenges faced in making diagnosis and treatment decisions due to the rarity of this type of tumor and lack of consensus in the treatment approach.

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Treatment of Nail Psoriasis: Common Concepts and New Trends

Dermatology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2013/180496 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yasemin Oram ◽

A. Deniz Akkaya

Keyword(s):

Systemic Treatment ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Nail Psoriasis ◽

Laser Systems ◽

Adults And Children ◽

Extensive Literature Search ◽

Insight Into

The lifetime incidence of nail involvement in psoriatic patients is estimated to be 80–90%, and the nails can be affected in 10% to 55% of psoriatic patients. Psoriasis may also solely involve the nails, without any other skin findings, in which the treatment can be more challenging. Nail psoriasis may lead to considerable impairment in quality of life due to aesthetic concerns and more importantly limitations in daily activities resulting from the associated pain, which may be overlooked by the physicians. Several topical and systemic treatment modalities, as well as radiation and light systems, have been used in the treatment of nail psoriasis. In the last decade, the introduction of biologic agents and the utilization of laser systems have brought a new insight into the treatment of nail psoriasis. This paper focuses on the recent advances, as well as the conventional methods, in treating nail psoriasis in adults and children, in reference to an extensive literature search.

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Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/01.neu.0000109042.87246.3c ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 538-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 153

Author(s):

Devin K. Binder ◽

Jonathan C. Horton ◽

Michael T. Lawton ◽

Michael W. McDermott

Keyword(s):

Intracranial Hypertension ◽

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽

Visual Loss ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Pseudotumor Cerebri ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Surgical Approaches ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting

Abstract OBJECTIVE The history, diagnosis, and therapy of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) (pseudotumor cerebri) are reviewed. Theories of pathogenesis are considered, the clinical presentation is described, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic challenges are explored. METHODS An extensive literature review of IIH and related conditions (secondary pseudotumor syndromes) was performed. The history of and rationale for the diagnosis and medical and surgical approaches to treatment are reviewed. Available outcome studies are presented. RESULTS Diagnosis of IIH requires that the modified Dandy criteria be satisfied. Multiple potential contributing causes of intracranial hypertension must be identified or excluded. The clinical presentation most often includes headaches and papilledema, but many other findings have been described. The most important goal of therapy is to prevent or arrest progressive visual loss. Medical therapies include alleviation of associated systemic diseases, discontinuation of contributing medications, provision of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and weight loss. Surgical therapies include lumboperitoneal shunting, ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and optic nerve sheath fenestration. On the basis of the advantages and disadvantages of these treatment modalities, a suggested treatment paradigm is presented. CONCLUSION Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is the term to be adopted instead of pseudotumor cerebri. IIH remains an enigmatic diagnosis of exclusion. However, prompt diagnosis and thorough evaluation and treatment are crucial for preventing visual loss and improving associated symptoms.

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Metastatic sebaceous cell carcinoma, review of the literature and use of electrochemotherapy as possible new treatment modality

Radiology and Oncology ◽

10.1515/raon-2016-0039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 308-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Simone Ribero ◽

Eugenio Sportoletti Baduel ◽

Matteo Brizio ◽

Franco Picciotto ◽

Emi Dika ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Search ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Objective Response ◽

Rare Event ◽

Sebaceous Carcinoma ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Extensive Literature Search ◽

New Treatment

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic extraorbital sebaceous carcinoma is a rare event that could involve the head and neck. The treatment of choice for the initial stage of the disease is surgery and/or radiotherapy. The treatment of recurrent or advanced disease is still controversial.Material and methodsExtensive literature search was done, and the treatment options are discussed.ResultsResults. The literature search found several treatment modalities in use for the treatment of metastatic extraorbital sebaceous carcinoma. Electrochemotherapy was not included in the reported treatments. We used this technique for a man of 85 years old with a recurrent and locally metastatic extraorbital sebaceous carcinoma of the scalp. During the period of 8 months, two sessions of electrochemotherapy were employed, which resulted in an objective response of the tumour and good quality of life.ConclusionsElectrochemotherapy has shown to be a interesting tools for treatment of metastatic extraorbital sebaceous carcinoma when other radical options are not available or convenient.

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A systematic review on Valproate induced rat model of autism: Pathophysiology, treatment, developmental and neurobehavioral assessment of rat offsprings

Biomedicine ◽

10.51248/.v41i1.526 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

U Kavitha ◽

E Kayalvizhi ◽

K Revathy ◽

T.R. Brindha ◽

R Muthulakshmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Animal Model ◽

Social Communication ◽

Literature Search ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Repetitive Behaviour ◽

Behavioural Assessment ◽

Extensive Literature Search

Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is charecterised by certain degrees of disabilities in social communication, restrictive repetitive behaviour and altered motor and sensory perception. Translational research is carried out by creating animal models of autism to find out the correlation between behavioural changes and the pathology of brain tissue and for clinical trials of newer therapeutic formulations. Valproate induced animal model of autism has significant validity to demonstrate ASD manifestations. An early appreciation of ASD symptoms is needed for a better prognosis. So assessment of behavioural abnormalities and development stones in the first month of animal life are much important to study ASD.An extensive literature search was done on different databases. (PUBMED-MeSH, PMC, Webof Science, Google scholar and Research Gate). Original articles reported between the years 2000-2020 were selected. PRISMA protocol was followed. There are good quantities of studies on behavioural assessment of valproate induced animal model. This review explains the pathophysiology and various treatment modalities tried in valporate induced animal model and it also enlists the developmental and behavioural assessment methods of rat off springs. It will be useful to demonstrate all signs of autism.

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Anticancer Hybrid Combinations: Mechanisms of Action, Implications and Future Perspectives

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190110162529 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (36) ◽

pp. 4312-4333 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eva M. Domínguez-Martín ◽

Ana M. Díaz-Lanza ◽

Célia M. C. Faustino

Keyword(s):

Paradigm Shift ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Synergistic Interactions ◽

Extensive Literature Search ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽

Phytochemical Components ◽

Combination Regimens

The exponential growth of cancer cases worldwide together with recent advances concerning the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease at the molecular level led to a paradigm shift in chemotherapy, from monotherapy to targeted drug combination regimens. However, adverse effects and the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) limit the effectiveness of these therapies. In this context, hybrid combinations mixing anticancer drugs and bioactive phytochemical components from medicinal plants, or even plant extracts, that can act synergistically on multiple targets and signaling pathways represent a promising approach with the potential to expand the current therapeutic arsenal. This review aims to provide a synopsis on anticancer hybrid combinations based on their multi-target mechanisms and synergistic effects from an extensive literature search focusing mainly on publications from the last ten years. In most of these combinations, the phytochemical component was shown to enhance the anticancer activity of the chemotherapeutic agent and to sensitize chemoresistant tumors in several types of cancer. Hybrid combinations, due to synergistic interactions, are also associated with less severe adverse events since lower doses can be used to achieve the same therapeutic effect. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed, as well as the development of an adequate regulatory framework, before hybrid combination therapy can be translated into clinical practice.

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Recent developments and opportunities in fighting COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796701999201204120422 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Vikram Rao ◽

Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra

Keyword(s):

World Health ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Therapeutic Molecules ◽

Discharged Patients ◽

Extensive Literature Search ◽

Repurposed Drugs ◽

Health Organization

Background: COVID-19, a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) was first diagnosed in the patients from Wuhan, China in December 2019. Within couple of months of infection, it was declared as pandemic by World health organization. COVID-19 has become the most contagious infection with a serious threat to global health. In this review, we aimed to discuss the pathogenesis, diagnostics, current treatments and potential vaccines for COVID-19. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted using keywords “COVID-19”; “Coronavirus”; “SARS-Cov-2”; “SARS” in public domains of Google, Google scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Selected articles were used to construct this review. Results: SARS-Cov-2 uses the Spike (S) protein on its surface to recognize the receptor on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and bind with 10-folds greater affinity than SARS-Cov-1. Molecular assays and immunoassays are the most frequently used tests whereas computed tomography (CT) scans, Artificial intelligence enabled diagnostic tools were also used in patients. In therapeutic treatment, few drugs were repurposed and there are 23 therapeutic molecules including the repurposed drugs are in different stages of clinical trial. Similarly, development of vaccines is also in the pipeline. Few countries have managed well to contain the spread by rapid testing and identifying the clusters. Conclusion: Till now, the acute complications and mortality of COVID-19 has been linked to the pre-existing comorbid conditions or age. Besides the development of therapeutic strategies that includes drugs and vaccine, the long term implication of COVID-19 infection in terms of the disorder/disability in the cured/discharged patients is a new area to investigate.

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Management of Optic Neuritis in Ayurveda - A Special Case Report

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v3i5.13847 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Harsha S. ◽

Dr. Mamatha KV.

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Visual Information ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Interesting Case ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Further Development ◽

Special Case

The optic nerve carries visual information from your eye to your brain. Optic neuritis is when your optic nerve becomes inflamed. Optic neuritis can flare up suddenly from an infection or nerve disease. The inflammation usually causes temporary vision loss that typically happens in only one eye. Those with Optic neuritis sometimes experience pain. As you recover and the inflammation goes away, your vision will likely return. There are no direct references in our classics regarding optic neuritis but can be contemplated as a condition by name Parimlayi Timira. The specific management as such is not cited but a transcendence approach can be done with adopting the treatment which has the ability to pacify the already occurred pathology and prevent the further development of the disease. One such interesting case study on Optic neuritis is elaborated here where in specific treatment modalities (Shodana, Shamana and Kriyakalpas) played role in pacifying the condition.

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The Differential Diagnosis of Sterile Pyuria in Pediatric Patients: A Review

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x21993712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2199371

Author(s):

Donald W. Bendig

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Common Finding ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Persistent Symptoms ◽

Sterile Pyuria ◽

Extensive Literature Search ◽

Definition Of

Sterile pyuria is a common finding in pediatric patients. Literature describing the diagnoses as well as clinical characteristics of children with sterile pyuria is lacking. This review was performed to establish an evidence-based approach to the differential diagnosis by way of an extensive literature search. The definition of pyuria is inconsistent. The various causes of pediatric sterile pyuria identified were classified as either Infectious or Non-Infectious. Sub-categories of Infectious causes include: Viral Infection, Bacterial Infection, Other Infections (tuberculosis, fungal, parasitic), Sexually Transmitted Infections, Recent Antibiotic Therapy. Non-Infectious causes include: Systemic Disease, Renal Disease, Drug Related, Inflammation adjacent to Genitourinary Tract. Clinicians that encounter pediatric patients with sterile pyuria and persistent symptoms should consider the substantial differential diagnosis described in this study.

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Can Vaccination Trigger Autoimmune Disorders? A Meta-Analysis

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9080821 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 821

Author(s):

Marek Petráš ◽

Ivana Králová Lesná ◽

Jana Dáňová ◽

Alexander M. Čelko

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Autoimmune Disorders ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Primary Analysis ◽

Measures Of Association ◽

Assessment Development ◽

Extensive Literature Search ◽

The Stability

Vaccination as an important tool in the fight against infections has been suggested as a possible trigger of autoimmunity over the last decades. To confirm or refute this assumption, a Meta-analysis of Autoimmune Disorders Association With Immunization (MADAWI) was conducted. Included in the meta-analysis were a total of 144 studies published in 1968–2019 that were available in six databases and identified by an extensive literature search conducted on 30 November 2019. The risk of bias classification of the studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The strength of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. While our primary analysis was conducted in terms of measures of association employed in studies with a low risk of bias, the robustness of the MADAWI outcome was tested using measures independent of each study risk of bias. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed to determine the stability of the outcome. The pooled association of 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.02), based on a total of 364 published estimates, confirmed an equivalent occurrence of autoimmune disorders in vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. The same level of association reported by studies independently of the risk of bias was supported by a sufficient number of studies, and no serious limitation, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias. A sensitivity analysis did not reveal any discrepancy in the primary result. Current common vaccination is not the cause of any of the examined autoimmune disorders in the medium and long terms.

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