The Biotechnological Potential of Secondary Metabolites from Marine Bacteria

Marine habitats are a rich source of molecules of biological interest. In particular, marine bacteria attract attention with their ability to synthesize structurally diverse classes of bioactive secondary metabolites with high biotechnological potential. The last decades were marked by numerous discoveries of biomolecules of bacterial symbionts, which have long been considered metabolites of marine animals. Many compounds isolated from marine bacteria are unique in their structure and biological activity. Their study has made a significant contribution to the discovery and production of new natural antimicrobial agents. Identifying the mechanisms and potential of this type of metabolite production in marine bacteria has become one of the noteworthy trends in modern biotechnology. This path has become not only one of the most promising approaches to the development of new antibiotics, but also a potential target for controlling the viability of pathogenic bacteria.

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The Biotechnological Potential of Secondary Metabolites from Marine Bacteria

10.20944/preprints201905.0063.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Boris Andryukov ◽

Valery Mikhailov ◽

Nataly Besednova

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Marine Bacteria ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Marine Microorganisms ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Hybrid Peptides ◽

Modern Biotechnology

The highly dangerous trend of escalating bacterial resistance to modern antibiotics has evolved in recent decades, with increasingly more drug-resistant strains of pathogens emerging and spreading each year. This poses a threat to not only public health, but also to entire mankind. Marine bioresources, considered as a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics and a valuable source of biologically active compounds with high pharmacological potential, now attract increasing attention of researchers. Modern biotechnology combines the genetic engineering methods and the unusual biosynthetic pathways utilized by marine microorganisms to produce natural antibiotics. The goal of this review is to summarize the latest trends in searching for new natural antimicrobial agents based on secondary metabolites of marine bacteria. The targeted control of biosynthesis mechanisms using the metabolic engineering methods in order to create hybrid peptide synthetases or to obtain hybrid peptides by disrupting the target gene of nonribosomal synthesis becomes a noteworthy trend in modern biotechnology. This pathway is not only one of the most promising approaches to the development of new antibiotics, but also a potential target for controlling the exocrine activity of pathogenic bacteria and, consequently, their viability.

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Antimicrobial properties of actively purified secondary metabolites isolated from different marine organisms

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666200730144536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Nilushi Indika Bamunu Arachchige ◽

Fazlurrahman Khan ◽

Young-Mog Kim

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Antimicrobial Compounds

Background: The treatment of infection caused by pathogenic bacteria becomes one of the serious concerns globally. The failure in the treatment was found due to the exhibition of multiple resistance mechanisms against the antimicrobial agents. Emergence of resistant bacterial species has also been observed due to prolong treatment using conventional antibiotics. To combat these problems, several alternative strategies have been employed using biological and chemically synthesized compounds as antibacterial agents. Marine organisms considered as one of the potential sources for the isolation of bioactive compounds due to the easily available, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. Methods: The online search methodology was adapted for the collection of information related to the antimicrobial properties of marine-derived compounds. These compound has been isolated and purified by different purification techniques, and their structure also characterized. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities have been reported by using broth microdilution as well as disc diffusion assays. Results: The present review paper describes the antimicrobial effect of diverse secondary metabolites which are isolated and purified from the different marine organisms. The structural elucidation of each secondary metabolite has also been done in the present paper, which will help for the in silico designing of the novel and potent antimicrobial compounds. Conclusion: A thorough literature search has been made and summarizes the list of antimicrobial compounds that are isolated from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic marine organisms. The information obtained from the present paper will be helpful for the application of marine compounds as antimicrobial agents against different antibiotic-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.

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Screening of Antibacterial Metabolites from Marine Soil, Kodiyampaiayam, Tamilnadu

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c1302.1183s319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3S3) ◽

pp. 571-575

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Drug Development ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Marine Sediment ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Morphology Characteristic ◽

New Antibiotics

The marine environment is a rich resource for isolating exploited microorganisms. In recent years, antibiotics have become important in this study of new antibiotics that show antiviral, anticoagulant and cardiac properties. Soil samples were collected from different area and isolated the bacterial colonies were separately streaking in agar plates (KP1, KP3, KP6, KP7 and KP9). The bacteria were done by morphology characteristic after that bacterial crude extract was taken separately. The crude extract was used in antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. There KP 7 and KP 9 havethe highest activity in B. subtilis and S. pyogenes rest of the samples also had activity comparing to these samples (KP 7 and KP 9) is highest zone inhibition developing. The marine sediment having so many microbes and secondary metabolites, therefore,the most useful drug development..

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Antimicrobial Activity of Fungal Extract of The Aspergillus flavus from Hiri Island, North Maluku to Pathogenic Bacteria

Jurnal Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.14710/jkt.v23i1.7049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Sri Sedjati ◽

Ambariyanto Ambariyanto ◽

Agus Trianto ◽

Endang Supriyantini ◽

Ali Ridlo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Antibacterial Compounds ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Inhibition Zones

Antibacterial compounds from sponge association fungi are one of the alternatives to search for new antibiotics against resistant bacteria. This study aims to explore the secondary metabolites potential from sponge association fungi as MDR pathogens antibacterial and to cultivate these fungi using a variety of cultivation media. TE-BO-09.1. Isolate can inhibit 3 bacteria, K. pneumoniae, B subtilis, and S. aureus, but is not able to inhibit E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Cultivation using standard media of Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and media modified from fish broth (M1, M2) and cassava infusion (M3, M4) produce secondary metabolites with varying quantities and antimicrobial activity. The inhibition zone of the produced extract with 500 μg/disc concentration ranged from 7.14 to 10.32 mm. The strongest potential was shown by ethyl acetate extract from isolates cultured with M2 (9 days cultivation), of which is able to produce 10.32 mm inhibition zones against S. aureus and methanol extracts from isolates cultured with M4 (6 days cultivation), and able to produce 10.05 mm inhibition zones against K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, the fungus Aspergillus flavus can be culture using fish broth added glucose and cassava infusion water added peptone media to potentially produce antibacterial compounds against MDR pathogens.

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Untapped Potential of Marine-Associated Cladosporium Species: An Overview on Secondary Metabolites, Biotechnological Relevance, and Biological Activities

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19110645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 645

Author(s):

Gamal A. Mohamed ◽

Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Structural Features ◽

Biotechnological Applications ◽

Tetramic Acid ◽

Biotechnological Potential ◽

Marine Habitats ◽

Current Review ◽

Reported Data ◽

Industrial Relevance

The marine environment is an underexplored treasure that hosts huge biodiversity of microorganisms. Marine-derived fungi are a rich source of novel metabolites with unique structural features, bioactivities, and biotechnological applications. Marine-associated Cladosporium species have attracted considerable interest because of their ability to produce a wide array of metabolites, including alkaloids, macrolides, diketopiperazines, pyrones, tetralones, sterols, phenolics, terpenes, lactones, and tetramic acid derivatives that possess versatile bioactivities. Moreover, they produce diverse enzymes with biotechnological and industrial relevance. This review gives an overview on the Cladosporium species derived from marine habitats, including their metabolites and bioactivities, as well as the industrial and biotechnological potential of these species. In the current review, 286 compounds have been listed based on the reported data from 1998 until July 2021. Moreover, more than 175 references have been cited.

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Fagoterapia, alternativa para el control de las infecciones bacterianas. Perspectivas en Colombia

Universitas Scientiarum ◽

10.11144/javeriana.sc20-1.faci ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Catalina Prada-Peñaranda ◽

Angela-Victoria Holguin-Moreno ◽

Andres-Fernando González-Barrios ◽

Martha-Josefina Vives-Florez

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Phage Therapy ◽

Food Contamination ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Private Companies ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

New Antibiotics

Bacteria easily acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents; this reduces the number of effective antibiotics available to treat bacterial infections. Food contamination by bacteria also generates important economic losses and health risks. Products for human consumption must be free of antibiotics used in clinical treatments, and the control of bacteria with antimicrobials is strictly regulated; however, there is a lack of development of new antibiotics. As a result, the development of new antimicrobial strategies is vital. Viruses that infect bacteria called bacteriophages (phages) have been proposed as an alternative treatment in an approach known as phage-therapy. Several studies have evaluated and demonstrated their effectiveness against pathogenic bacteria; currently, there are private companies dedicated to the development of new products based on phage cocktails, to control some bacterial infections. In Colombia, there is no previous information about the use of phages, but phage-therapy represents a great opportunity to use the diversity of the native microbiota. In this review, we present the perspectives for phage-therapy in Colombia as a treatment against bacterial infections.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Metabolites Extracted from Marine Actinomycetes

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications ◽

10.21786/bbrc/14.4.45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1673-1679

Author(s):

Jehan Alrahimi

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Marine Actinomycetes ◽

Biological Drugs ◽

Soil System ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Promising Source

Actinomycetes are free-living bacteria that are widely distributed and found in several habitats. These bacteria are essential organism in soil system, they contribute to agroindustry as the origin of active compounds. Their economical and biotechnological importance lies in the production of bioactive secondary metabolites including anticancer, insecticides, and antibiotic agents, such Actinomycetes–derived agents have been commonly used in both medical and industrial fields. Mainly, different Actinomycetes species isolated from coastal habitats are found to be novel sources of antibiotics. Thus, further investigating Actinomycetes will provide a better understanding of the physiological features and chemical composition of marine Actinomycetes. It also enables to use of large synthetic libraries of derived molecules (e.g., secondary metabolites) to develop biological drugs to combat advanced bacterial infections. Actinomycetes can produce more powerful biological compounds of medicinal and economic importance; moreover, it can provide insight into new antibiotics against different types of pathogens that cause infection to humans and support human health by overcoming complications caused by pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance. In particular, Actinomycetes of marine origin are a promising source of biomedical microbial products and natural products with an interesting microbial activity against many other pathogenic causing microorganisms. They are diverse in nature and have unique chemical compositions. During the past years, many new anti-microbial agents were discovered and deemed powerful therapeutic agents. The discovery of bioactive compounds continues to increase. However, the underlying potential of Actinomycetes has yet to be found. Therefore, this work conducts a review of the antimicrobial activity of metabolites extracted from marine Actinomycetes.

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Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v11i.8693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽

Toshka Petrova ◽

Ignat Ignatov ◽

Stoil Karadzhov

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

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Evaluation of antibacterial, teratogenicity and antibiofilm effect of sulfated chitosans extracted from marine waste against microorganism

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers ◽

10.1177/08839115211014225 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088391152110142

Author(s):

Velu Gomathy ◽

Venkatesan Manigandan ◽

Narasimman Vignesh ◽

Aavula Thabitha ◽

Ramachandran Saravanan

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Marine Litter ◽

Ionization Time ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Ft Ir

Biofilms play a key role in infectious diseases, as they may form on the surface and persist after treatment with various antimicrobial agents. The Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli most frequently associated with medical devices. Chitosan sulphate from marine litter (SCH-MW) was extracted and the mineral components were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The degree of deacetylation (DA) of SCH was predicted 50% and 33.3% in crab and shrimp waste respectively. The elucidation of the structure of the SCH-MW was portrayed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular mass of SCH-MW was determined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). The teratogenicity of SCH-MW was characterized by the zebrafish embryo (ZFE) model. Antimicrobial activity of SCH-MW was tested with the agar well diffusion method; the inhibitory effect of SCH-MW on biofilm formation was assessed in 96 flat well polystyrene plates. The result revealed that a low concentration of crab-sulfated chitosan inhibited bacterial growth and significantly reduced the anti-biofilm activity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria relatively to shrimp. It is potentially against the biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria.

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Designing New Antibacterial Wound Dressings: Development of a Dual Layer Cotton Material Coated with Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)_Chitosan Nanofibers Incorporating Agrimonia eupatoria L. Extract

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Cláudia Mouro ◽

Colum P. Dunne ◽

Isabel C. Gouveia

Keyword(s):

Composite Material ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Coating Layer ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Microbial Invasion ◽

Layer Composite ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts

Wounds display particular vulnerability to microbial invasion and infections by pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, to reduce the risk of wound infections, researchers have expended considerable energy on developing advanced therapeutic dressings, such as electrospun membranes containing antimicrobial agents. Among the most used antimicrobial agents, medicinal plant extracts demonstrate considerable potential for clinical use, due primarily to their efficacy allied to relatively low incidence of adverse side-effects. In this context, the present work aimed to develop a unique dual-layer composite material with enhanced antibacterial activity derived from a coating layer of Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Chitosan (CS) containing Agrimonia eupatoria L. (AG). This novel material has properties that facilitate it being electrospun above a conventional cotton gauze bandage pre-treated with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy free radical (TEMPO). The produced dual-layer composite material demonstrated features attractive in production of wound dressings, specifically, wettability, porosity, and swelling capacity. Moreover, antibacterial assays showed that AG-incorporated into PVA_CS’s coating layer could effectively inhibit Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) growth. Equally important, the cytotoxic profile of the dual-layer material in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells demonstrated biocompatibility. In summary, these data provide initial confidence that the TEMPO-oxidized cotton/PVA_CS dressing material containing AG extract demonstrates adequate mechanical attributes for use as a wound dressing and represents a promising approach to prevention of bacterial wound contamination.

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