HPLC Fingerprint Analysis with the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Selected Lichens Combined with the Chemometric Calculations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of multivariate techniques to predict antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the selected lichens from the chromatographic data. A simple and reproducible HPLC-DAD technique has been used to obtain the chromatographic fingerprint profiles. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) linear gradient system with methanol, water and phosphoric acid (V) (pH 2.3) as the mobile phase was used (50 min). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been applied to the evaluation of the phytochemical similarity between studied samples, especially between the same species collected in various places of Poland (Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach., CI, Cladina mitis Sandst., CM, Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., HP). The ability to scavenge free radicals was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) test. In the case of DPPH % of inhibition was higher for selected species (Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf, H. physodes in comparison to the literature data. The FRAP test showed that the H. physodes extract had higher ability to scavenge free radical in comparison to Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrader and Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., whereas P. furfuracea extract showed higher ability than C. islandica. The high content of phenolics in P. furfuracea and H. physodes confirms their high antioxidant activity. The cytotoxic activity of studied extracts was tested by cell culture method using the human HL-60 / MX2 acute CKL-22 (CRL-2257) promyelocytic leukemia tumor cell line. The lowest values of IC50 [µg∙mL−1] were obtained for: H. physodes (HP1)—99.4; C. digitate—122.6; H. physodes (HP)—136.5, C. subulata—142.6; C. mitis—180.2.

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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activities of Leaves, Bark, Twigs and Oleo-Resin of Dipterocarpus alatus

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24173083 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (17) ◽

pp. 3083 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chawalit Yongram ◽

Bunleu Sungthong ◽

Ploenthip Puthongking ◽

Natthida Weerapreeyakul

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Dipterocarpus Alatus

Dipterocarpus alatus (Dipterocarpaceae) is a medicinal plant whose use is well known for the treatment of genito-urinary diseases. However, there is no report of its cytotoxic potential. In this study, the chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of extracts of the leaves, bark, twigs and oleo-resin from D. alatus are investigated. Cytotoxicity was measured by the neutral red (NR) assay against HCT116, SKLU1, SK-MEL2, SiHa and U937 cancer cell lines and antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Leaf, bark and twig extracts exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than oleo-resin, with bark extract showing the highest antioxidant activity and the highest total phenolic content. All samples showed more cytotoxic activity against the U937 cell line than HCT116, SKLU1, SK-MEL2 and SiHa cells with oleo-resin being more cytotoxic than melphalan against U937 cells. Chemical composition analysis of oleo-resin by GC-MS showed that the major components were sesquiterpenes, namely α-gurjunene (30.31%), (-)-isoledene (13.69%), alloaromadendrene (3.28%), β-caryophyllene (3.14%), γ-gurjunene (3.14%) and spathulenol (1.11%). The cytotoxic activity of oleo-resin can be attributed to the sesquiterpene content, whereas the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of leaf, bark and twig extracts correlated to total phenolic content.

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In Vitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities, and Phenolic Profile of Senecio glaucus from Saudi Arabia

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/8875430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ali S. Alqahtani ◽

Rashed N. Herqash ◽

Omar M. Noman ◽

Fahd A. Nasr ◽

Nouf Alyhya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Side Effects ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Promising Source

Current treatments for complex diseases have remarkable side effects that negatively impact patients’ quality of life. Thus, natural compounds with fewer side effects represent a promising source for safe drugs. The genus Senecio is widely used in folk medicine due to its various pharmacological properties. In the present study, the total phenolic content of Senecio glaucus, which is grown in Saudi Arabia, was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method. Scavenging DPPH and ABTS assays were utilized to determine the antioxidant properties of S. glaucus fractions, and MTT assay was used to screen the cytotoxic activity of S. glaucus against various cancer cells. In addition, HPLC-UV was utilized to detect the presence of two phenolic acids, namely, vanillic acid (VA) and gallic acid (GA). Among all fractions tested, S. glaucus chloroform fraction (SGCF) yielded the highest value (125.3 mg·GA/g) in terms of total phenolic content. SGCF also exhibited the highest scavenging activities (76.7 and 74.1%) on both DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Similarly, SGCF also possessed the most potent cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line, with an IC50 value of 41.8 μg/ml. The validated HPLC method confirmed the presence of VA (4.8 μg/mg DW) and GA (3.9 μg/mg DW) in SGCF. Overall, our data show that S. glaucus had antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. A developed validated HPLC method which could be helpful for quantifying phenolic compounds in S. glaucus was established.

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Actinidia macrospermaC. F. Liang (a Wild Kiwi): Preliminary Study of Its Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/180262 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Yin Lu ◽

Xiangtao Du ◽

Lidan Lai ◽

Hao Jin

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Etoac Extract ◽

Total Antioxidant

The antioxidant potential ofActinidia macrospermaC. F. Liang (Actinidiaceae) was investigated in vitro for total phenolic content, along with total antioxidant activity (TAA), 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), and lipid peroxidation (LP). The results indicated that different polarity extracts ofA. macrospermaexhibit different biological activities, which depends mainly on the presence of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity was in the following decreasing order: MeOH extract > EtOAc extract > aqueous extract > CHCl3extract > Hexane extract. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of this plant by MTT dye assay using SMMC-7721 has been determined also. The hexane, EtOAc, and CHCl3extracts showed cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Methanol and aqueous extracts, however, showed weak activities in this test. And a very significant cytotoxic activity, not significantly different from the positive control of quercetin, was observed in CHCl3extract.

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Cytotoxic Activity-Guided Isolation from Achillea monocephala, and Biological Activities of its Different Extracts

The Open Bioactive Compounds Journal ◽

10.2174/1874847302008010007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Turgut Taşkın ◽

Eray M. Güler ◽

Şeyda Şentürk ◽

Damla D. Çelik ◽

Turan Arabacı ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Biological Potential

Background: The genus Achillea is one of the most important genus of the Asteraceae family and many species of Achillea are used in traditional medicine to treat several ailments. Aim: The aim of the current research was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic activities of n-hexan, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts and to isolate the active compounds from the extract showing the strongest cytotoxic activity. In addition to this, it was aimed to evaluate the biological activities (cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-urease, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial) of different extracts and active compounds from Achillea monocephala. Methods and Materials: The in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-urease, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of different extracts from A. monocephala aerial parts were examined. The structures of the active compounds were determined by NMR techniques, UV, IR and LC-MS/MS analysis and their biological potential was examined. Results: The chloroform extract showed strong and selective cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7). Besides, this extract exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than other extracts. Therefore, through activity-guided procedures, luteolin, naringenin and 8-hydroxy-salvigenin compounds were isolated from this extract. The methanol extract showed stronger antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC) and anticholinesterase activity than other extracts. The n-hexan extract exhibited the highest anti-urease activity. In this study, it was determined that the isolated compounds had a strong biological activity. Naringenin compound had stronger ABTS radical cation scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity than other compounds. 8-hydroxy-salvigenin compound showed the highest urease and acetylcholinestease enzyme inhibition. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the extracts and isolated compounds from the A. monocephala may be used as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-urease, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial agents in the future.

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Thonningia sanguinea Extract: Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities Supported by Chemical Composition and Molecular Docking Simulations

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2156

Author(s):

Reda F. A. Abdelhameed ◽

Sameh S. Elhady ◽

Alaa Sirwi ◽

Hanan Samir ◽

Elsayed A. Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Apoptotic Cell ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Molecular Docking Study ◽

Phenolic Extract ◽

Thonningia Sanguinea ◽

Mcf 7

The current study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Thonningia sanguinea whole-plant extract. The total phenolic content was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and found to be 980.1 mg/g, calculated as gallic acid equivalents. The antioxidant capacity was estimated for the crude extract and the phenolic portion of T. sanguinea, whereupon both revealed a dose-dependent scavenging rate of DPPH• with EC50 values of 36.33 and 11.14 µg/mL, respectively. Chemical profiling of the plant extract was achieved by LC-ESI-TOF-MS/MS analysis, where 17 compounds were assigned, including ten compounds detected in the negative mode and seven detected in the positive mode. The phenolic portion exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 16.67 and 13.51 μg/mL, respectively. Phenolic extract treatment caused apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, with total apoptotic cell death 18.45-fold higher compared to untreated controls, arresting the cell cycle at G2/M by increasing the G2 population by 39.7%, compared to 19.35% for the control. The apoptotic investigation was further validated by the upregulation of proapoptotic genes of P53, Bax, and caspases-3,8 9, and the downregulation of Bcl-2 as the anti-apoptotic gene. Bcl-2 inhibition was also virtualized by good binding interactions through a molecular docking study. Taken together, phenolic extract exhibited promising cytotoxic activity in MCF-7 cells through apoptosis induction and antioxidant activation, so further fractionation studies are recommended for the phenolic extract for specifying the most active compound to be developed as a novel anti-cancer agent.

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Investigation of the Biological Activities of Different Extracts from Dipsacus laciniatus Aerial Parts

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666181214153533 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Turgut Taşkın ◽

Yeliz Akkılıç ◽

Berna Özbek Çelik ◽

İsmail Şenkardeş ◽

Özlem B. Özakpınar

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Toxic Effect ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Normal Cell ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Normal Cell Line ◽

Aerial Parts

Background: The aerial parts of Dipsacus laciniatus are traditionally used in the treatment of colds as cold tea; decoction prepared from its roots and aerial parts are used for the treatment of diabetes and cancer, respectively. The extraction procedures and solvents are important steps in the processing of bioactive constituents from the plant materials. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activities for the first time in plant’s different extracts. Methods: The antioxidant activities of extracts were examined using FRAP and CUPRAC methods, including total phenolic and flavonoids contents. In addition, the antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activities of extracts were investigated using microdilution, Ellman and MTT methods, respectively. Results: In the present study, methanol extract showed stronger iron (III) ion reduction (FRAP) and copper (II) ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) than other extracts and also contained higher total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. It was also found that there was a linear relationship between antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in this study. It was demonstrated that the chloroform and methanol extracts showed moderate antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis and C. albicans strains. The chloroform extract had a strong and selective cytotoxic activity for the MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines, while the methanol extract showed low cytotoxic activity on the same cell lines. In addition, according to the obtained data, chloroform extract showed a toxic effect on normal cell line (NIH/3T3), but other extracts showed no toxic effect. Conclusion: Since methanol extract has no toxic effect on normal cell line and has strong antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activity, it is thought that this extract may be useful as an antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial agents in the future.

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Synthesis, Characterized and Biological Activities of Chalcone Derivatives

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.2540 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 535-537 ◽

pp. 2540-2543

Author(s):

Xiao Yang Qiu ◽

Su Zhi Li ◽

An Ran Shi ◽

Qiao Li Yue

Keyword(s):

Tumor Cell ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Cell Line ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Tumor Cell Line ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Epidermoid Tumor ◽

Chalcone Derivatives

A series of 4-nitrochalcones (compounds 1-10) are synthesized and characterized. The products synthesized are evaluated for their cytotoxic activities in vitro. Among the compounds tested, (E)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1) showes the favorable in vitro cytotoxic activity against human nasopharyngeal epidermoid tumor cell line KB.

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Reversed-Phase HPLC Characterization and Quantification and Antioxidant Capacity of the Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids Extracted From Eight Varieties of Sorghum Grown in Austria

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.769151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sofia Speranza ◽

Rebecca Knechtl ◽

Ragnar Witlaczil ◽

Regine Schönlechner

Keyword(s):

Ferulic Acid ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

High Performance ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Comparable Amount ◽

Antioxidant Power

Sorghum is raising great interest as a grain for the future, for its agricultural advantages in times of climate change, and for the positive impact of its bioactive compounds on human health. These compounds comprise phenolic acids, in a free, conjugated, and bound form, and flavonoids. The most commonly used extraction methods require high volumes of chemicals and are non-practical when handling many samples at a time. The main aim of this study was to develop a microscale extraction procedure for both phenolic acids and flavonoids to improve yield and diversity, labor time, and chemicals usage. The improved protocols allowed to perform the extraction in 2-ml safe-lock tubes using around 60 times less chemical volume for phenolic acids and 6 times less for flavonoids. In addition, compared to the macroscale method, the microscale approach was effective in extracting a comparable amount of phenolic acids (between 0.99 and 1.57 mg ferulic acid/g) and even a higher quantity of flavonoids (between 1.10 and 2.24 mg ferulic acid/g). With the established methods, phenolic compounds were extracted from eight varieties of sorghum grown in Austria, previously shown to be promising for food processing. In all sorghum varieties, protocatechuic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, P-coumaric, and ferulic acids were detected in free, conjugated and bound form, with the last being the most abundant. Arsky and Icebergg varieties presented the lowest (922.65 μg/g) and the highest (1,269.28 μg/g) levels of total phenolic acids, respectively, recorded using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Flavonoids, comprising luteolinidin, apigenidin, naringenin, apigenin, 5-methoxy-luteolinidin (5-MetO-Lut), and 7-methoxy-apigeninidin (7-MetO-Api), were detected in amounts between 27.03 (Kalatur variety) and 87.52 μg/g (Huggo variety). The red varieties, Huggo, Armorik, and Arsky, had the highest antioxidant activity measured as 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) [around 5.00 μg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g] and Azino-bis(3-ehtylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (around 3.00 μg TE/g) scavenging capacity for both phenolic acids and flavonoids. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was the highest for the phenolic acids extracted from a white Ggolden variety.

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Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antityrosinase and Cytotoxic Potentials of Isatis cappadocica subsp. alyssifoli as a Potent Pharmaceutical Resource

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2019/v26i530146 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meltem Güner ◽

Seyda Kanbolat ◽

Nuriye Korkmaz ◽

Rezzan Aliyazicioglu ◽

Mahmoud Abudayyak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Tyrosinase Inhibitor ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity ◽

Isatis Cappadocica

Isatis species, which are endemic across most of Turkey, exhibit antibacterial, anticancer and antiviral effects. The aim of this study was to determine of antioxidant, antimicrobial, tyrosinase inhibitor, cytotoxic activities, and phenolic profile of polar extracts of Isatis cappadocica Desv. We analyzed the antioxidant properties of extracts using total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The phenolic composition of methanolic extract of I. cappadocica was analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Extracts’ antimicrobial properties were evaluated based on the agar well diffusion technique. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was measured colorimetrically. Methanolic extract yielded better FRAP and CUPRAC results and aqueous extract yielded better DPPH activity. Benzoic acid, and sinapic acid were detected as major phenolic compounds. Methanolic extract was particularly effective against all the bacteria investigated, apart from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Methanol extract was exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The methanol extract has caused to death of cells by dosage in the high concentrations cytotoxic activity on the PC-3 and 3T3 cell lines. The results showed that I. cappadocica could be used as a natural source in the food, cosmetic, and drug industries due to their rich antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and tyrosinase inhibitor activities.

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Antioxidant Potential and the Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Spondias cytherea Fruit Pulp on B16-F10 Melanoma Cell Cycle

Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry ◽

10.9734/ajrb/2020/v7i430143 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Feudjio Ndemanou Yolande ◽

Mouokeu Raymond Simplice ◽

Kamtchueng Monique Odette ◽

Teboukeu Gires ◽

Kodjio Norbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Colorimetric Test ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables bring substantial health benefits. Spondias cytherea is a plant belonging to the family of Anacardiaceae, the fruits are highly consumed in Cameroon and commonly known as “kassimango”. In this work, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the aqueous extract of Spondias cytherea pulp was investigated. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and metal chelating power assays. The Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-ciocalteu test and aluminum chloride colorimetric test respectively. Selenium, and Zinc contents were evaluated. The effect of S. cytherea fruit aqueous extract on cell cycle of B16-F10 skin cancer cells was investigated using propidium iodide staining. The results revealed that the extract was efficient in reducing Fe3+ into Fe2+ and its ion chelating power increased with the extract concentration. The IC50 value for DPPH radical was found to be 96.28 µg/ mL. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Spondias cytherea fruits were 649.45 ± 0.71 mg GAE/100 g and 86.69 ± 0.02 mg CE/100 g of dry matter respectively. As far as the tested minerals are concerned, S. cytherea fruit presented 4.48 mg/100 g of zinc and 0.86 µg/100 g of selenium. It was observed that S. cytherea fruit aqueous extract inhibit the proliferation of B16-F10 cancer cells by inducing the cell cycle arrest at Sub G0 phase (apoptotic phase), G0/G1 (proliferation phase) and G2/M phase (mitosis phase). These results indicated that Spondias cytherea fruit have antioxidant and can be used in the management of cancer pending on further researches.

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