scholarly journals B Vitamins and Their Role in Immune Regulation and Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3380
Author(s):  
Christine Tara Peterson ◽  
Dmitry A. Rodionov ◽  
Andrei L. Osterman ◽  
Scott N. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Cellular Life ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
The Relationship

B group vitamins represent essential micronutrients for myriad metabolic and regulatory processes required for human health, serving as cofactors used by hundreds of enzymes that carry out essential functions such as energy metabolism, DNA and protein synthesis and other critical functions. B vitamins and their corresponding vitamers are universally essential for all cellular life forms, from bacteria to humans. Humans are unable to synthesize most B vitamins and are therefore dependent on their diet for these essential micronutrients. More recently, another source of B vitamins has been identified which is derived from portions of the 1013 bacterial cells inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Here we review the expanding literature examining the relationship between B vitamins and the immune system and diverse cancers. Evidence of B vitamin’s role in immune cell regulation has accumulated in recent years and may help to clarify the disparate findings of numerous studies attempting to link B vitamins to cancer development. Much work remains to be carried out to fully clarify these relationships as the complexity of B vitamins’ essential functions complicates an unequivocal assessment of their beneficial or detrimental effects in inflammation and cancers.

Continuity and Peculiarities in Proto-Kazakh and Ancient Indian Early Religious Beliefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (121) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Zatov Zatov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

A comparative study of the mythological picture of the world, early forms of religion allows us to identify common features characteristic of the worldview and spiritual guidelines of mankind as a whole. These features can be traced in archaic ideas about the structure of the universe, in understanding their spiritual and bodily essence, the infinity of God and the eternity of the soul, the relationship and interdependence of life forms in the world. This allows us to assert the thesis of the unity of mankind in its spiritual origins, despite racial and ethnic diversity. In the process of a comparative analysis of mythology, early forms of religion, the concept of God, the pantheon and the function of the gods, similar moments and ethnological specifics of understanding the essence of the soul and reincarnation in totemistic beliefs, in cosmological and theogonistic concepts are revealed.The author also analyzes the role and significance of the cult of ancestors, traces the evolution of the idea of proto-monotism (the creative function of Tengri and Brahma, the intention of henotheistic faith) and its place in religious knowledge.

scholarly journals Association Between Long Non-Coding RNA POLR2E rs3787016 Polymorphism and Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis of 8725 Cancer Cases and 10710 Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Ghavami ◽  
Mohsen Taheri ◽  
Mohammad Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Objectives: Several studies have reported a correlation between the POLR2E rs3787016 polymorphism and cancer development, but findings are inconsistent. Therefore, we designed the current study to understand how rs3787016 polymorphism impacts cancer susceptibility. Methods: We searched the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases for studies related to the topic of interest published up to March 2019. A total of 11 relevant studies, encompassing 8,761 cancer cases and 10,534 controls, were retrieved and subject to quantitative analysis. The strength of the relationship was evaluated using the pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Overall, the findings proposed a positive association between rs189037 polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer in homozygous (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.11 - 1.57, P = 0.002, TT vs. CC), recessive (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.06-1.39, P = 0.005, TT vs. CT + CC), and allele (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02-1.22, P = 0.021, T vs. C) genetic models. Stratified analysis showed that rs3787016 increased the risk of prostate and breast cancer. In addition, we found a significant association between the variant and increased cancer risk in Asian and Caucasian populations. Conclusions: In summary, the findings of the current meta-analysis suggest that the POLR2E rs3787016 polymorphism is an indicator of cancer susceptibility.

scholarly journals N6-Methyladenosine and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Wu ◽  
Xiao-Feng Li ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Wu ◽  
Su-Qin Yin ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Synovial Cell ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cell Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one of the most common autoimmune diseases, is characterized by immune cell infiltration, fibroblast-like synovial cell hyperproliferation, and cartilage and bone destruction. To date, numerous studies have demonstrated that immune cells are one of the key targets for the treatment of RA. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal modification to eukaryotic mRNA, which is involved in the splicing, stability, export, and degradation of RNA metabolism. m6A methylated-related genes are divided into writers, erasers, and readers, and they are critical for the regulation of cell life. They play a significant role in various biological processes, such as virus replication and cell differentiation by controlling gene expression. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have indicated that m6A is associated with the occurrence of numerous diseases, such as lung cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we summarize the history of m6A research and recent progress on RA research concerning m6A enzymes. The relationship between m6A enzymes, immune cells, and RA suggests that m6A modification offers evidence for the pathogenesis of RA, which will help in the development of new therapies for RA.

scholarly journals CXC Chemokines as Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Biomarkers in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuezhi Zhou ◽  
Manjuan Peng ◽  
Ye He ◽  
Jingjie Peng ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Pathological Stage ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
The World ◽  
Cxc Chemokine ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundSkin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM) is a tumor of the epidermal melanocytes induced by gene activation or mutation. It is the result of the interaction between genetic, constitutional, and environmental factors. SKCM is highly aggressive and is the most threatening skin tumor. The incidence of the disease is increasing year by year, and it is the main cause of death in skin tumors around the world. CXC chemokines in the tumor microenvironment can regulate the transport of immune cells and the activity of tumor cells, thus playing an anti-tumor immunological role and affecting the prognosis of patients. However, the expression level of CXC chemokine in SKCM and its effect on prognosis are still unclear.MethodOncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA, STRING, GeneMANIA, cBioPortal, TIMER, TRRUST, DAVID 6.8, and Metascape were applied in our research.ResultThe transcription of CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL13 in SKCM tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues. The pathological stage of SKCM patients is closely related to the expression of CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, and CXCL13. The prognosis of SKCM patients with low transcription levels of CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13 is better. The differential expression of CXC chemokines is mainly associated with inflammatory response, immune response, and cytokine mediated signaling pathways. Our data indicate that the key transcription factors of CXC chemokines are RELA, NF-κB1 and SP1. The targets of CXC chemokines are mainly LCK, LYN, SYK, MAPK2, MAPK12, and ART. The relationship between CXC chemokine expression and immune cell infiltration in SKCM was closed.ConclusionsOur research provides a basis for screening SKCM biomarkers, predicting prognosis, and choosing immunotherapy.

scholarly journals From Microbiome to Inflammation: The Key Drivers of Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Wei Zhou ◽  
Hui-Zhi Long ◽  
Yan Cheng ◽  
Hong-Yu Luo ◽  
Dan-Dan Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Cervical Cancer Development ◽  
The Relationship

Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Microbes and hosts form a mutually beneficial symbiosis relationship, and various parts of the host body are microbial habitats. Microbes can trigger inflammation in certain parts of the host body, contributing to cervical cancer development. This article reviews the relationship between cervicovaginal microbes, inflammation and cervical cancer, and discusses the effect of some key cervical microbes on cervical cancer. Finally, probiotic therapy and immunotherapy are summarized.

scholarly journals IMMU-44. PRE-DIAGNOSTIC EOSINOPHIL LEVEL AND GLIOBLASTOMA DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ATOPIC DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii114-ii114
Author(s):  
Omar Bushara ◽  
Alexander Guzner ◽  
Kirsten Burdett ◽  
Patrick Murday ◽  
Matias Pollevick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and carries a very poor prognosis. Recent data report a negative association between the incidence of GBM and atopic disease. The underlying immunologic mechanisms of protection and the associated potential biomarkers are unclear. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the relationship of eosinophil count to GBM risk by collecting eosinophil count in GBM patients with and without existing atopic disease. METHODS This is a retrospective study of 790 patients diagnosed with GBM from 2009–2019. Of those patients, 140 had laboratory values at least one year prior to diagnosis. Chart review was used to exclude patients with lymphoma, leukemia, other cancers, myelodysplastic syndromes, and unconfirmed drug, food, and adhesive reactions. 14 patients with chart-confirmed allergic rhinitis, asthma, or eczema and 47 controls were found. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the two groups. RESULTS The two groups did not differ in pre-diagnostic eosinophil counts (p=0.426). The two groups also did not differ in pre-diagnostic basophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil, or monocyte counts. Pre-diagnostic eosinophil to lymphocyte, monocyte to lymphocyte, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios also did not differ between the two groups. There were no other quantitative differences that would suggest a difference in immune cell profile. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the subset of GBM patients with atopic disease did not significantly differ in eosinophil count or other white blood cell subtypes when compared to GBM patients without atopic disease. Given that atopic disease is a known protective factor, and our atopic patients with GBM had normal eosinophil counts, we conclude that underlying immunologic factors such as eosinophilia may be protective from GBM as opposed to simply the presence of atopic disease. Prospective analysis to best understand eosinophil count as a surrogate for GBM risk is warranted.

scholarly journals Significant correlation between HSPA4 and prognosis and immune regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12315
Author(s):  
Bing-Bing Shang ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Zhi-Guo Wang ◽  
Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cancer Stage

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an inflammation-associated tumor involved in immune tolerance and evasion in the immune microenvironment. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are involved in the occurrence, progression, and immune regulation of tumors. Therefore, HSPs have been considered potential therapeutic targets. Here, we aimed to elucidate the value of HSP family A (Hsp70) member 4 (HSPA4) in the diagnosis and predicting prognosis of HCC, and its relationship with immune cell infiltration, immune cell biomarkers, and immune checkpoints. Gene mutation, DNA methylation, and the pathway involved in HCC were also analyzed. Methods The gene expression omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were used to compare HSPA4 expression, and the results were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of clinical samples. R package was used to analyze the correlation between HSPA4 and cancer stage, and to establish receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of diagnosis, time-dependent survival ROC curve, and a nomogram model. cBioPortal and MethSurv were used to identify genetic alterations and DNA methylation, and their effect on prognosis. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was used to analyze immune cell infiltration, immune cell biomarkers, and immune checkpoints. The STRING database was used to analyze protein–protein interaction network information. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to investigate the functions of HSPA4 and its functional partner genes. Results Overexpression of HSPA4 was identified in 25 cancers. Overexpression of HSPA4 considerably correlated with cancer stage and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in HCC. Patients with higher HSPA4 expression showed poorer prognosis. HSPA4 expression can accurately identify tumor from normal tissue (AUC = 0.957). The area under 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival ROCs were above 0.6. The HSPA4 genetic alteration rate was 1.3%. Among the 14 DNA methylation CpG sites, seven were related to the prognosis of HCC. HSPA4 was positively related to immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints (PD-1 and CTLA-4) in HCC. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed HSPA4 enrichment in antigen processing and presentation together with HSPA8 and HSP90AA1. We verified the value of HSPA4 in the diagnosis and predicting prognosis of HCC. HSPA4 may not only participate in the occurrence and progression but also the immune regulation of HCC. Therefore, HSPA4 can be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for HCC.

scholarly journals Immune Cell Landscape in Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Zi-rui Wang ◽  
Yu-jiao Wang ◽  
Lan-lan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Molecular Therapy ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The tumor-infiltrating immune cells are closely associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). This article is aimed at determining the composition change of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in GC and normal tissues, depicting their prognosis value in GC, and revealing the relationship between them and GC clinical parameters. Methods. We used CIBERSORT to calculate the proportion of 22 immune cells in the GC or normal tissues; a t -test was applied to assess the expression difference of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in normal and GC tissues. The relationship of the immune cells, immune regulatory factors, and GC patients’ clinical characteristics was assessed by univariate analysis. Results. In this study, we found that the proportion of macrophages increased, while plasma cells and monocytes decreased in GC tissues. In these immune fractions, Tregs and naïve B cells were found to be correlated with GC patients’ prognosis. Interestingly, the expression of immune regulatory factors was ambiguous with their classical function in GC tissues. For example, TIM-3, FOXP3, and CMTM6 were overexpressed, while CD27 and PD-1 were underexpressed in GC tissues. We also found that IDO1, PD-1, TIGIT, and TIM-3 were highly expressed in high-grade GC tissues, the HERC2 expression level was related to patients’ gender, and the TIGIT expression level was sensitive to targeted therapy. Furthermore, our results suggested that the infiltration of Tregs and naive B cells was strongly correlated with the T stage, radiation therapy, targeted molecular therapy, and the expression levels of TIM-3 and FOXP3 in GC. Conclusion. The expression pattern of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors was systematically depicted in the GC tumor microenvironment, indicating that individualized treatment based on the tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors may be beneficial to GC patients.

Song of the Earth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Ervin-Blankenheim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Mountain Building ◽  
Species Extinction ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Relationship

This book is a scientific, historical, and philosophical narrative for general readers that explores the relationship between humans and the Earth and the geologic principles of time, plate tectonics, and change in life forms. Illustrated with striking historical maps, figures, and pictures, this comprehensive work can be read as a thrilling biography of the Earth itself, including narrative sections on the lives of pioneering geologists; the reality and sublimity of geologic time; the birth, destruction, and rebirth of the planet and its atmosphere over repeated cycles spanning some 4-plus billion years; the science underlying both mountain building and oceanic evolution; the influence of climate change and species extinction on the development of the Earth; and the interplay between not only how Earth has influenced life but how life, in turn, has distinctly shaped our planet.

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