scholarly journals Salinity Stress Mitigation Using Encapsulated Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9218
Author(s):  
Nermin Adel Hussein El Semary ◽  
Mohamed Helmi Hadj Alouane ◽  
Olfa Nasr ◽  
Munirah F. Aldayel ◽  
Fatimah H. Alhaweti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Right ◽  
Microbial Treatments

The harmful effect of salinity stress on crops needs to be mitigated. Therefore, the application of microbial inoculum in combination with nanomaterials and methyl salicylate was investigated. Initially, different seeds were exposed to salinity levels treated with variable microbial treatments using different modes of applications. The microbial treatments included application of cyanobacterial strain Cyanothece sp. and the rhizobacterium Enterobacter cloacae, alone or in combination with one another, and a final treatment using combined microbial inoculum supplied with methyl salicylate. Later, different nanomaterials were used, namely, graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes in combination with biofertilizers on the highest salinity level. The nanomaterial with microbial treatment and methyl salicylate were applied partly as a mixture in soil and partly as capsules. Results showed that salinity stress had a drastic inhibitory effect on growth parameters, especially at −5 MPa level. Nonetheless, the microbial treatments significantly alleviated the deleterious effect of salinity stress, especially when combined with methyl salicylate. When the nanomaterials were added to biofertilizers at highest salinity level, the inhibitory effect of salinity was mostly alleviated. Smart use of synergistic biofertilizers alongside the right nanomaterial, both encapsulated and in soil, would allow for mitigation and alleviation of inhibitory effect of salinity.

scholarly journals Amelioration of salinity stress on transplant Aman rice through green manure and gypsum

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
MZ Siam ◽  
SS Hossain ◽  
AK Hassan ◽  
MA Kader
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Salinity Levels

An experiment was conducted at the net house of Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to December 2012to investigate the ameliorative effect of green manure and gypsum application on the yield of transplant Aman rice variety BRRI dhan40 under various levels salinity stress. Sodium chloride induced salinity was imposed at tillering stage of plant development. The levels of salinity were 0, 25 and 50 mM NaCl. Green manure @ 0, 5 and 10 t ha gypsum @ 0 and 1 g kg-1 and 1 soil were applied to ameliorate the salinity stress effect. 1 g kg-1 soil were applied to ameliorate the salinity stress effect. Results revealed that the different levels of salinity had significant adverse effect on plant height, number of tillers hill-1, number of effective tillers hill-1, number of ineffective tillers hill-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index (HI). All the plants were affected badly when they were exposed to salinity level of 50 mM NaCl. Application of green manure and gypsum helped them ameiorate salinity either individually or in combination at all salinity levels. Grain yield reduction at 50 mM salinity level was 38.64% compared to control which was minimized to 19.04% by the application of green manure @ 10 t ha-1. Grain yield reduction was also minimized from 37.08% to 27% at the same level of salinity by the application of gypsum@ 1 g kg-1soil. Similar amelioration effect was also observed in case of straw yield. The amelioration was improved further when both green manure and gypsum were applied. Without any salinity stress grain yield was 4.49 t ha-1, which was reduced to 2.61 t ha-1 (41.87% reduction) when the crop was stressed with 50 mM salinity. Application of green manure @ 10 t ha-1 and gypsum @ 1 g kg-1 soil improved grain yield to 4.00 t ha-1, where yield reduction was just 10.91%. Similar improvement was also found in straw yield. The results of the study conclude that salinity stress in transplant Aman rice var. BRRI dhan40 could successfully be ameliorated through application of green manure@ 10 t ha-1 and gypsum@ 1 g kg-1 soil.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 1-10

scholarly journals GROWTH AND MINRAL STATUS OF COTTON PLANTS AS AFFECTED BY ABSICISIC ACID AND SALT STRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Safaa A. Mahmoud ◽  
Hussein M.M. ◽  
A.S. Taalab ◽  
Hanan S. Siam
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Salinity Levels

Application of antioxidant materials like absicisic acid to alleviate salinity stress and promote cotton growth is high effectiveness target, whereas cotton plant is an attractive industrial crop. Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity stress and absicisic acid (antioxidant materials to alleviate salinity stress) on cotton growth and macro nutrients status in shoots of cotton plants. Plants subjected to two salinity levels (2500 and 5000 ppm as diluted sea water), and tap water (250ppm) as control, sprayed absicisic acid (ABA) with two concentrations (20 and 40 ppm of ABA) and distilled water as a control. Salinity decreased stem and leaves dry weight compare to the control treatment. The lower concentrations of ABA (20 and 40 ppm as a foliar spray) improve dry weight of stem and leaves. Reversely, leaves/stem ratio decreased with both concentrations of the absicisic acid. The increment in dry weight of leaves and stem or their sum showed its higher values by application 40 ppm from ABA under the 5000 ppm salinity level and also under fresh water treatment but under the 2500 ppm treatment the highest values were by 20 ppm of growth regulator. Nevertheless, L/S ratio decreased by ABA treatment, whereas, the high concentration of ABA (40ppm) was super than lower concentration (20ppm) under both salinity levels. Generally, it can be used diluted seawater in irrigation of cotton plant with spraying abscisic acid to alleviate the harmful effect of salinity.

scholarly journals Use of biochar for alleviating negative impact of salinity stress in corn grown in arid soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled D. Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
The Impact

Tremendous benefits of biochar (BC) amendment to soil have been reported, including their role in alleviating the impact of salinity stress in plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of BC produced at 300 ºC (BC300) and 700 ºC (BC700) on the germination rate (GR) and selected growth characteristics of corn plant irrigated with salinized water over a growth period of six weeks. The experimental treatments included: three biochar treatments [BC0 (control, without biocar addition), BC300 and BC700] and three salinity levels of irrigation water [0, 3, and 6 dS m-1]. The biochar was applied at a rate of 3%. The GR decreased with increasing salinity level, which was more evident in the first week. This stress impact was reduced when treated with the BC700 relative to the saline treatments without BC. Both BCs demonstrated contrasting effects on corn growth, nutrient uptake, and Na+ and K+ content in plant tissue. The effect of BC700 treatment on plant height and root length was limited, but the impact of salinity stress on chlorophyll meter readings, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm), dry matter yield, and N and P uptake were largely mitigated. It also increased K+ and decreased Na+ content in plant tissue. However, the BC300 treatment adversely affected plant growth parameters at each salinity level. Overall, the BC produced at a higher temperature significantly alleviated the impact of salinity stress on plant growth characteristics, which is probably attributed to their higher surface area and porosity, enhancing their salt ion sorption capacity.

scholarly journals Physiological response of Bajra-Napier Hybrids and Tri-Specific Hybrid to salinity stressPhysiological response of Bajra-Napier Hybrids and Tri-Specific Hybrid to salinity stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-347
Author(s):  
Seva Nayak Dheeravathu ◽  
Kajal Singh ◽  
Pramod W. Ramteke ◽  
Reetu - ◽  
Nilamani Dikshit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Specific Hybrid

Physiological responses of 3 Bajra-Napier (Cenchrus spp., syn. Pennisetum spp.) hybrid varieties, viz. BNH-3, BNH-6, BNH-10, and 1 ttri-specific hybrid (TSH) were tested under different gradients of soil salinity, i.e. Control, 4, 6 and 8 dS/m electric conductivity (EC), in a pot trial. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. Shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root:shoot ratio and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were reduced with increasing salinity level as compared with Control. However, the concentration of Na+ in leaves increased and K+ concentration decreased with increasing salinity level. Physiological parameters, i.e. relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), chlorophyll stability index, carotenoid stability index and K+: Na+ ratio, in leaves tended to be higher in the BNH-3 variety than in other varieties. Shoot dry weight showed highly positive significant correlation with RWC, MSI, K+ concentration and K+:Na+ ratio, while it was negatively correlated with Na+ concentration (P<0.01) All BN hybrid varieties and the tri-specific hybrid studied were susceptible to salinity stress, showing marked reductions in growth as the level of salinity increased above 4 dS/m. However, even at salinity levels producing EC of 8 dS/m these varieties still produced 25‒44% DM yields. There are prospects for improving forage yields from saline soils by planting these hybrids but further breeding studies are warranted to identify germplasm with greater tolerance of saline conditions if these soils are to be utilized effectively to contribute more to supplying forage to support the world’s ruminant population.

scholarly journals Influence of Irrigation Water Salinity on Optimal Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Liquid Fertilizer Rates for Spathiphyllum ‘Petite’

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Ricardo Campos ◽  
David Wm. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract The experiment was a 5 × 5 factorial composed of 5 fertilizer levels and 5 salinity levels applied to Spathiphyllum ‘Petite’. Fertilizer levels were 0, 125, 250, 375 and 500 mg/l (ppm) N from a 24N-3.4P-13.3K (24-8-16) soluble fertilizer. Salinity levels were 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/l (ppm) from NaCl:CaCl2 in a 1:1 equivalent ratio. Maximum growth was observed at 250 mg/l N and no salts. At the highest salinity level tested (2000 mg/l), maximum growth was observed at 125 mg/l N. Generally, as salinity level increased the measured growth parameters decreased. Leaf calcium, sodium, and chloride increased with increasing levels of salinity in the irrigation water. Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium generally increased with increasing levels of fertilizer, but were not affected by salinity levels. It is possible that high sodium and chloride concentration in leaves produced an ion toxicity.

scholarly journals Aquatic Toxicity of Photocatalyst Nanoparticles to Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Cristina Adochite ◽  
Luminita Andronic
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Density Surface ◽  
The Impact

In the last years, nanoparticles such as TiO2, ZnO, NiO, CuO and Fe2O3 were mainly used in wastewater applications. In addition to the positive aspects concerning using nanoparticles in the advanced oxidation process of wastewater containing pollutants, the impact of these nanoparticles on the environment must also be investigated. The toxicity of nanoparticles is generally investigated by the nanomaterials’ effect on green algae, especially on Chlorella vulgaris. In this review, several aspects are reviewed: the Chlorella vulgaris culture monitoring and growth parameters, the effect of different nanoparticles on Chlorella vulgaris, the toxicity of photocatalyst nanoparticles, and the mechanism of photocatalyst during oxidative stress on the photosynthetic mechanism of Chlorella vulgaris. The Bold basal medium (BBM) is generally recognized as an excellent standard cultivation medium for Chlorella vulgaris in the known environmental conditions such as temperature in the range 20–30 °C and light intensity of around 150 μE·m2·s−1 under a 16/8 h light/dark cycle. The nanoparticles synthesis methods influence the particle size, morphology, density, surface area to generate growth inhibition and further algal deaths at the nanoparticle-dependent concentration. Moreover, the results revealed that nanoparticles caused a more potent inhibitory effect on microalgal growth and severely disrupted algal cells’ membranes.

scholarly journals Oil and Flower Production in Rosa damascena trigintipetala Dieck under Salinity Stress in Taif Region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4547
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. El-Sharnouby ◽  
Metwally M. Montaser ◽  
Sliai M. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

The flower industry depends on oil and fragrance, which is addressed in the current work. Different concentrations of NaCl (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) were applied to Taif rose plants (Rosa damascena var. trigintipetala Dieck) to evaluate their effects on growth and essential oil content. Results clearly indicated the highest survival percentage (98.3%) was seen in untreated plants compared to plants under salinity stress. Moreover, increasing the NaCl levels induced an adverse effect on the growth parameters of Taif rose plants, while some essential oil contents were increased to the maximum degree of their tolerance to salinity stress. The extracted essential oils were analyzed using GC/MS. The essential oils of Taif rose plants treated with 500 ppm NaCl recorded the highest values of citronellol, geraniol and phenylethyl alcohol contents (16.56, 8.67 and 9.87%), respectively. NaCl at 250 ppm produced the highest values of heneicosane (13.12%), and then decreased to the lowest value (7.79%) with the increase of NaCl to 1500 NaCl, compared to the control and other NaCl levels. The current results could highlight the impact of salinity stress on Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck for better economic and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Responses of Tomato Landraces to Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Reem H. Alzahib ◽  
Hussein M. Migdadi ◽  
Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Abdullah A. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Salinity Levels

Understanding salt tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces will facilitate their use in genetic improvement. The study assessed the morpho-physiological variability of Hail tomato landraces in response to different salinity levels at seedling stages and recommended a tomato salt-tolerant landrace for future breeding programs. Three tomato landraces, Hail 548, Hail 747, and Hail 1072 were tested under three salinity levels: 75, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Salinity stress reduced shoots’ fresh and dry weight by 71% and 72%, and roots were 86.5% and 78.6%, respectively. There was 22% reduced chlorophyll content, carotene content by 18.6%, and anthocyanin by 41.1%. Proline content increased for stressed treatments. The 300 mM NaCl treatment recorded the most proline content increases (67.37 mg/g fresh weight), with a percent increase in proline reaching 61.67% in Hail 747. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased by 65% in Hail 548, while it relatively increased in Hail 747 and Hail 1072 treated with 300 mM NaCl. Catalase (CAT) activity was enhanced by salt stress in Hail 548 and recorded 7.6%, increasing at 75 and 5.1% at 300 mM NaCl. It revealed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) at the 300 mM NaCl concentration in both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 landraces. Increasing salt concentrations showed a reduction in transpiration rate of 70.55%, 7.13% in stomatal conductance, and 72.34% in photosynthetic rate. K+/Na+ ratios decreased from 56% for 75 mM NaCl to 85% for 300 mM NaCl treatments in all genotypes. The response to salt stress in landraces involved some modifications in morphology, physiology, and metabolism. The landrace Hail 548 may have better protection against salt stress and observed protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing enzymatic “antioxidants” activity under salt stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Salinity Levels on Population Dynamics and Growth of the Cyclopoid Copepod Oithona nana

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Fawzy I. Magouz ◽  
Mohamed A. Essa ◽  
Mustafa Matter ◽  
Abdallah Tageldein Mansour ◽  
Ahmed Gaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cyclopoid Copepod ◽  
Population Composition ◽  
Optimal Salinity ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Salinity Levels

Copepods are one of the most abundant and diverse live food sources for mesopelagic and bathypelagic fishes and crustaceans. They could contribute to the overlap of the transition period from live feed to an artificial weaning diet in marine larvae production. However, the culture conditions still need optimization to provide sufficient production to cover the increasing demand for marine hatcheries. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of different salinity levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 ppt) on the population growth, growth rate, and population composition (males, females, copepodite, and nauplii ratio) of the marine copepod, Oithona nana. The experiment continued for 15 days, under laboratory-controlled conditions of temperature (27 ± 1 °C), pH (7.7 ± 0.15), and continuous gentle aeration in 30 L glass aquaria. The copepod culture aquaria were supplemented with a mixture of soybean and yeast (0.5 g 10−6 individual−1 24-h−1) as a feed source. The highest significant population growth and population growth rate of O. nana were achieved with a salinity level of 20 ppt. Regarding population composition, O. nana cultured at the salinity level of 20 ppt recorded the highest significant percentages of copepodite and nauplii. The results concluded that copepod, O. nana, is capable of withstanding abrupt changes in the salinity, but there are limits to their tolerance, with an optimal salinity level of 20 ppt. This salinity level achieved the highest population growth and the highest percentages of copepodite and nauplii of marine Copepoda, O. nana.

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