Baseline Assessment of Poultry Production, Pharmaceutical Product Use, and Related Challenges on Commercial Poultry Flocks in Kano and Oyo States of Nigeria

Poultry production is a major component of the livestock sector in Nigeria and continues to expand rapidly; however, it is still constrained by low productivity. A farm survey was conducted to provide a baseline assessment of poultry production (products generated, farm costs, and revenue), pharmaceutical use, and related challenges faced by farmers on 44 commercial poultry farms in Oyo and Kano states of Nigeria. Live spent layers, eggs, and used beddings were the most frequently sold products for revenue. Antibiotic products were widely used, the most reported were Doxygen, Tylosin, and Conflox. Overall, 40% of farms used feed additives (including toxin binders, minerals, and vitamins) and 12% used coccidiostats. Access to pharmaceutical products was a key challenge and appeared to disproportionally affect farmers in the northern part (Kano) of Nigeria. Other challenges included perceived antibiotic ineffectiveness, high cost of drugs, and long distances to pharmaceutical suppliers. Challenges related to vaccine use were unavailability, distance to the supplier, and health issues interfering with the vaccination schedule. Study findings highlight the need for improved access to veterinary pharmaceuticals, particularly in the northern states. Further investigations into the causes of antibiotic ineffectiveness and strategies for distribution of high-quality, effective pharmaceuticals are also necessary.

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Factor shares analysis of livestock products in selected areas of Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v2i2.29061 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 196-201

Author(s):

Md Mamun Or Islam ◽

M Kamruzzaman ◽

Md Kaosar Niaz Bin Sufian

Keyword(s):

Livestock Production ◽

Primary Data ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Veterinary Services ◽

Family Labor ◽

Livestock Sector ◽

Commercial Poultry ◽

Hired Labor ◽

Livestock Products ◽

Factor Shares

A study was undertaken to assess the contribution of different inputs such as feed, labor veterinary services and depreciation cost etc. to the development of livestock sector including poultry in the study area. The factor shares of livestock products was estimated based on the primary data for the periods of April to July, 2012.The factor shares of livestock production suggested that current factors (Feed, hired labor, veterinary services and other inputs) and family labor was the major component in the livestock production. Traditional milk producing farmers in Gazipur were not benefited from their farming due to residual share was negative (-11.15%). For commercial milk production, on an average the largest share current factors (60.54 percent) followed by residual (28.1 percent), family labor (6.63 percent), depreciation (4.74 percent), respectively and residual share was positive. Production of beef cattle on an average the largest share current factors (74.26 percent) followed by family labor (21.73 percent), depreciation (46.425 percent), respectively and residual share was negative (-2.41 percent). Production of egg by traditional management was found profitable enterprise in small and large categories of farms. As a result, residual share was positive (1.54 percent and 12.01 percent) for small and large farms. In case of commercial poultry production on an average the largest share current inputs (74.29 percent), residual ((19.64 percent), followed by family labor (5.64 percent) and depreciation (0.44 percent) respectively. In addition, on an average broiler production the largest share current inputs (84.18 percent), residual (12.53 percent), followed by family labor (2.68 percent) and depreciation (0.62 percent) respectively.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 196-201

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Ferum in the content of feed additives, prepared feeds and premixes on the pharmaceutical market in Ukraine

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet8358 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (83) ◽

pp. 290-294

Author(s):

I.M. Derkach ◽

S.S. Derkach ◽

I.O. Sotnichenko

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Pharmaceutical Product ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Pharmaceutical Market ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Small Animals ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

National Market

The article presents the results of researches of the national market of feed additives, prepared feeds and premixes containing Ferum, registered in Ukraine (by the date 1.03.2018). It has been established that, unlike complexes of iron and dextran in the form of injectable solutions, such pharmaceutical products as feed additives, ready-made fodders and premixes containing Ferum are characterized by a variety of release forms for different species of animals and birds. The number of such products is 55, among them 14 items (26%) are products of production of Ukraine, while this pharmaceutical product for poultry is offered mainly by Polish manufacturers. The market of this group of products for small animals is characterized by a large variety of flavoring properties and forms of release: tablets, powders, granules, flakes, jelly or lime slices, etc. There are only three producers of Ukraine of such pharmaceutical products in the Ukrainian market, while the largest number is offered by companies of Germany and Czech Republic. In addition, the company Vita Traat (Germany) offers vitracraft in the form of pellets as a feed for decorative chinchillas. In the pharmaceutical market of complexes of feed additives, prepared feeds and premixes containing Ferum for various types of animals and poultry. There is a trend that manufacturers, in addition to the specifics of the species, age, physiological processes, and for products for dogs and cats their breed too, take into account the modern needs of the ukrainian consumers, for example, Cargill Poland Sp., Department of Kishkovo, Plant of Premixes of the LNB (Poland) exports to Ukraine 5 types of premixes for broilers. The range of feed additives, ready forages and premixes containing Ferum for bovine animals is less varied, but besides the dry dosage forms, there is a feed additive for calves in the form of calf id peas (Inform Nutrishin Island, Ltd., Ireland). In addition, iron is a part of the substitute of milk for calves. In the national market, there are also Ferum-containing feed additives for animals of different species, which are available in the form of solutions for oral use.

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Influence of Plant Bioactive Compounds on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in Poultry

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557520666191226111405 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 566-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amlan Kumar Patra

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Poultry Feeding

Natural plant bioactive compounds (PBC) have recently been explored as feed additives to improve productivity, health and welfare of poultry following ban or restriction of in-feed antibiotic use. Depending upon the types of PBC, they possess antimicrobial, digestive enzyme secretion stimulation, antioxidant and many pharmacological properties, which are responsible for beneficial effects in poultry production. Moreover, they may also improve the intestinal barrier function and nutrient transport. In this review, the effects of different PBC on the barrier function, permeability of intestinal epithelia and their mechanism of actions are discussed, focusing on poultry feeding. Dietary PBC may regulate intestinal barrier function through several molecular mechanisms by interacting with different metabolic cascades and cellular transcription signals, which may then modulate expressions of genes and their proteins in the tight junction (e.g., claudins, occludin and junctional adhesion molecules), adherens junction (e.g., E-cadherin), other intercellular junctional proteins (e.g., zonula occludens and catenins), and regulatory proteins (e.g., kinases). Interactive effects of PBC on immunomodulation via expressions of several cytokines, chemokines, complement components, pattern recognition receptors and their transcription factors and cellular immune system, and alteration of mucin gene expressions and goblet cell abundances in the intestine may change barrier functions. The effects of PBC are not consistent among the studies depending upon the type and dose of PBC, physiological conditions and parts of the intestine in chickens. An effective concentration in diets and specific molecular mechanisms of PBC need to be elucidated to understand intestinal barrier functionality in a better way in poultry feeding.

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Honeybee and Plant Products as Natural Antimicrobials in Enhancement of Poultry Health and Production

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8467

Author(s):

Erinda Lika ◽

Marija Kostić ◽

Sunčica Vještica ◽

Ivan Milojević ◽

Nikola Puvača

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Safe Alternative ◽

Botanical Products ◽

Poultry Diets

The quality and safety attributes of poultry products have attracted increasing widespread attention and interest from scholarly groups and the general population. As natural and safe alternatives to synthetic and artificial chemical drugs (e.g., antibiotics), botanical products are recently being used in poultry farms more than 60% of the time for producing organic products. Medicinal plants, and honeybee products, are natural substances, and they were added to poultry diets in a small amount (between 1% and 3%) as a source of nutrition and to provide health benefits for poultry. In addition, they have several biological functions in the poultry body and may help to enhance their welfare. These supplements can increase the bodyweight of broilers and the egg production of laying hens by approximately 7% and 10% and enhance meat and egg quality by more than 25%. Moreover, they can improve rooster semen quality by an average of 20%. Previous research on the main biological activities performed by biotics has shown that most research only concentrated on the notion of using botanical products as growth promoters, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents. In the current review, the critical effects and functions of bee products and botanicals are explored as natural and safe alternative feed additives in poultry production, such as antioxidants, sexual-stimulants, immuno-stimulants, and for producing healthy products.

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Salmonella Bacteriophage Diversity According to Most Prevalent Salmonella Serovars in Layer and Broiler Poultry Farms from Eastern Spain

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1456

Author(s):

Sandra Sevilla-Navarro ◽

Pablo Catalá-Gregori ◽

Clara Marin

Keyword(s):

Point Of View ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Production Type ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Commercial Poultry ◽

Salmonella Serovars ◽

The Impact ◽

Phage Isolation ◽

Salmonella Phage

The exploration of novel nonantibiotic interventions in the field, such as the use of bacteriophages, is necessary to avoid the presence of Salmonella. Bacteriophages are a group of viruses widely distributed in nature, strictly associated with the prokaryotic cell. Researchers have demonstrated the success of phage therapy in reducing Salmonella counts in poultry products. However, the impact that phage concentration in the environment may have against certain Salmonella serovars is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess Salmonella phage prevalence in commercial poultry farms in terms of the production type: layers or broilers. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars isolated in poultry production were used for phage isolation. Salmonella specific phages were isolated from 141 layer and broiler farms located in the Valencia region during 2019. Analysis of the samples revealed that 100% presented Salmonella phages, the most prevalent being against serovar S. Enteritidis (93%), followed by S. Virchow (59%), S. Typhimurium (55%), S. Infantis (52%) and S. Ohio (51%). These results indicate that poultry farms could represent an important source of Salmonella phages. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to assess the epidemiology of phages against other serovars present in other countries and their diversity from the point of view of molecular studies.

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DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC FEED PRODUCTION IN CONDITIONS OF POTENTIAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTY FACTORS

EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA ◽

10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.11.05.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. 46-56

Author(s):

Vasily N. Popov ◽

◽

Irina P. Bogomolov ◽

Olga A. Urazova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organizational Support ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Feed Production ◽

Livestock Sector ◽

Fodder Production ◽

Potential Risks ◽

Mixed Feeds ◽

Negative Factors

Modern domestic feed production is developing at a fairly steady pace, which is facilitated by the increase in the volume and scale of production in the livestock sector. Today, domestic agricultural pro-ducers fully provide the domestic market with pork, poultry and egg. the efficiency of the development of the livestock sector depends on the quality of feed and the fattening system by more than 60%. All this proves the relevance and prospects of studying the dynamics of the development of feed production in order to im-prove the manageability of this area of management, organizational support, identify potential risks and de-velop effective solutions to minimize them. As the basic provisions of the study, it is worth noting: key produc-tion segments of the domestic feed industry; production volumes of mixed feeds, premixes, feed additives and concentrates in Russia; market leaders in the production of mixed feeds at the time of 2019.; the reasons for the transition of large companies to self-feed; the negative factors (risks) which impact on sustainable devel-opment of the Russian market of animal feed; scenarios of development of domestic fodder production in the short term (2–3 years) taking into account the most pressing problems and uncertainties (distribution COVID-19; higher prices for imported feed additives; devaluation; grain yield; volatility of prices for raw materials and components, logistics, etc.); substantiation of the prospects for the development of the Russian food complex against the background of the strengthening of the global problem of hunger and food security.

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Animal-based agriculture, phosphorus management and water quality in Brazil: options for the future

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162006000200013 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 194-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Francirose Shigaki ◽

Andrew Sharpley ◽

Luís Ignácio Prochnow

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Production Systems ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Agricultural Runoff ◽

Animal Production ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Poultry Production ◽

The South ◽

Transport Management ◽

Animal Production Systems

Eutrophication has become a major threat to water quality in the U.S., Europe, and Australasia. In most cases, freshwater eutrophication is accelerated by increased inputs of phosphorus (P), of which agricultural runoff is now a major contributor, due to intensification of crop and animal production systems since the early 1990s'. Once little information is available on the impacts of Brazilian agriculture in water quality, recent changes in crop and animal production systems in Brazil were evaluated in the context of probable implications of the fate of P in agriculture. Between 1993 and 2003, there was 33% increase in the number of housed animals (i.e., beef, dairy cows, swine, and poultry), most in the South Region (i.e., Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina States), where 43 and 49% of Brazil's swine and poultry production is located, respectively. Although grazing-based beef production is the major animal production system in Brazil, it is an extensive system, where manure is deposited over grazed pastures; confined swine and poultry are intensive systems, producing large amounts of manure in small areas, which can be considered a manageable resource. This discussion will focus on swine and poultry farming. Based on average swine (100 kg) and poultry weights (1.3 kg), daily manure production (4.90 and 0.055 kg per swine and poultry animal unit, respectively), and manure P content (40 and 24 g kg-1 for swine and poultry, respectively), an estimated 2.5 million tones of P in swine and poultry manure were produced in 2003. Mostly in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil (62%), which represent only 18% of the country's land area. In the context of crop P requirements, there was 2.6 times more P produced in manure (1.08 million tones) than applied as fertilizer (0.42 million tonnes) in South Brazil in 2003. If it is assumed that fertilizer P use represents P added to meet crop needs and accounts for P sorbed by soil in unavailable forms each year, if swine and poultry manure were to replace fertilizer, there would be an annual P surplus of 0.66 million tonnes in the South region alone. These approximations and estimates highlight that, similarly to other parts of the world, there is a potential for surplus P to quickly accumulate in certain regions of Brazil. Unless measures are developed and implemented to utilize manure P, repeated annual surpluses will create an increasingly difficult problem to solve. These measures can be grouped as source and transport management. Source management attempts to decrease dietary P, use feed additives, manure treatment and composting, as well as careful management of the rate, timing, and method of manure applications. Transport management attempts to control the loss of P in runoff from soil to sensitive waters via use of conservation tillage, buffer or riparian zones, cover crops, and trapping ponds or wetlands. These measures are discussed in the contest of Brazil's climate, topography, and land use, and how successful remediation programs may be implemented at farm and watershed level.

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Regulatory Requirement and Step for Registration and Approval of Indian Drug Products in Overseas Market

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research ◽

10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v68i02.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rushikesh Aher ◽

Pratik Aher ◽

Tejas Ahire ◽

Hitesh V. Shahare ◽

Charulata T. Nemade

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Pharmaceutical Product ◽

Raw Material ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Material Base ◽

Technical Documentation ◽

Regulatory Requirement ◽

Drug Products ◽

The World ◽

Overseas Market

The Indian pharmaceuticals market is the third largest in terms of volume and thirteenth largest in terms of value. It has established itself as a global manufacturing and research hub. A large raw material base and the availability of a skilled workforce give the industry a definite competitive advantage. India has one of the lowest manufacturing costs in the world. The regulatory requirements of various countries of the world vary from each other. Therefore, it is challenging for Indian companies to develop a single drug that can be simultaneously submitted in all the countries for approval. The role of the regulatory authorities is to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of all medicines in circulation in their country. It not only includes the process of regulating and monitoring the drugs but also the process of manufacturing, distribution, and promotion of it. One of the primary challenges for regulatory authority is to ensure that the pharmaceutical products are developed as per the regulatory requirement of that country. This process involves the assessment of critical parameters during product development. This article covers the processes involved and requirements like import-export code, technical documentation, filing and reviewing process of drug master file, certificate of pharmaceutical product, common technical document (CTD), eCTD, and ACTD, for the registration and approval of Indian drug products in the overseas market.

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Multiple Fatal Intoxications Caused by Improper Consumption of an Alcoholic Para-Pharmaceutical Product

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.7.7363 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 2471-2476

Author(s):

Camelia Liana Buhas ◽

Bogdan Adrian Buhas ◽

Lucia Georgeta Daina ◽

Bianca Hanganu ◽

Irina Smaranda Manoilescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Pharmaceutical Product ◽

Chronic Ethanol ◽

Deep Coma ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Examination Result ◽

Chronic Ethanol Consumption ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

Severe Intoxication ◽

Age Range

Ingestion of cheap para-pharmaceuticals (such as disinfectants, deodorizing solutions, etc.) which are designed only for external use is an unfortunate habit encountered in the recent decades in the economically disadvantaged areas of Romania inhabited by poor, uninformed, and sanitary uneducated population. These para-pharmaceutical products are based on different concentrations of ethanol. Occasionally, the manufacturer modifies the product formula, or worse omits on the label that the ethanol was replaced with methanol, resulting in mass poisoning with a large number of casualties. The authors present a case of mass poisoning by methanol that occurred during one month and resulted in 40 cases of methanol intoxication. Only 5 out of the 40 victims survived the intoxication. All the dead victims underwent medico-legal autopsy which revealed only general features, liable to poisoning. The toxicological examination result was positive for methanol in all the cases. All the intoxicated victims were homeless; they were heavy ethanol consumers, especially of the product rubbing alcohol. The male: female ratio was 31:4 and the age range was between 25 and 70 years old, with an average of 50 years. All the victims were hospitalized in deep coma, showing obvious pathological changes specific to chronic ethanol consumption. Conclusions: some alcoholic para-pharmaceutical products manufactured for external use are ingested by chronic ethanol drinkers. When these products contain methanol, they can cause severe intoxication followed by an impressively large number of deaths.

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Sustainable pig and poultry nutrition by improvement of nutrient utilisation – A review

Die Bodenkultur Journal of Land Management Food and Environment ◽

10.1515/boku-2016-0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 45-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Karl Schedle

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Production Systems ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Animal Origin ◽

World Population ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽

Nutrient Utilisation ◽

Poultry Nutrition

SummaryIn the context of mismanagement of natural resources going with an increasing consumption of protein from animal origin through the world population, one major challenge for the future in animal nutrition is the improvement of its efficiency and hence sustainability. Up to now, a broad range of methods like feed additives or technological treatments have been available to improve the efficiency or the production of pig-derived and poultry-derived food and hence the sustainability in pig and poultry nutrition. Nevertheless, the exact knowledge of the mode of action of these tools is a prerequisite for their successful application. Furthermore, information concerning their impact on the nutrient availability of the different feedstuffs is of great importance, in order to formulate diets that cover the animals’ requirements. Diets covering the animals’ performance level ovoid undersupplies, which can lead to health problems on the on hand, on the other hand the emissions of nitrogen are kept as low as possible.As a result, the consumption of natural resources like grains can be considerably reduced and the substitution of regional by-products from the feed and food processing industry like wheat bran, dried distillers grains with solubles or rapeseed meal can be dramatically enhanced in diets for monogastric animals, thus contributing to more sustainable livestock production. By improving the efficiency of the production of animal-derived food, the term “sustainable’’ remains highly significant. Increasing efficiency plays an important role in ensuring that the resources required for pig and poultry nutrition are foreseeably available. Currently, there is a combination of different tools like feed additives or technological feed treatments the most promising way of improving sustainability in pig and poultry production systems.

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