Epidemiological features of age-gender distribution of coronavirus infection COVID-19 incidence and mortality (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Alla Nikolaevna Kaira ◽  
Oksana Anatolievna Svitich ◽  
Alena Andreevna Murzina
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Mortality Review ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation

The review of available literature sources and Internet resources for 2019–2021 is presented. It is devoted to the age-gender characteristics of the incidence of COVID-19, as well as mortality and mortality as a result of coronavirus infection in the world and in the Russian Federation as of May 2021. It is established that the main number of cases of new coronavirus infection is concentrated among the young working population from 40 to 59 years. At the same time, some countries have their own characteristics with a shift to younger age groups. There were no significant differences between men and women, with the exception of the age group of 85 years and older, where the female population prevails. The analysis of lethality showed that the most vulnerable groups are those over 80 years of age.

scholarly journals Personal Digital Health Assistants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Uday Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Working Day

The Aim: To determine gender differences in the dynamic of job stress indicators in an open population of 25-64 years over a long-term period - 29 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1988-89 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n=1676, 49.5% males, mean age 44.1±0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34.9% males, mean age 54.25±0.2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43.8% males, mean age 34.5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 (n=663, 41.3% males, mean age 51.95±0.32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Job stress indicators were assessed using the Karasek’s scale adopted by MONICA-MOPSY. Results: About 40% of male and female population in 1988 reported a change in occupation in the previous 12 years. The highest proportion of such persons was observed in the younger age groups and significant gender differences were also found there. By 2016-17, the proportion of those who changed their specialty decreased but gender differences were not determined. In 2016-17, the proportion of men and women who enjoy their job increased slightly compared to 1988, but the gender difference was insignificant. Responsibility at work increased up to 58.2% and 54.5%, respectively in dynamics among young men and women. In 2016-17, the perception of responsibility at the workplace returned to the semblance of 1988 without gender differences. Regarding changes in the workplace, in 1988, the most frequent were "change of salary" and "change of workplace" for both sexes. Men more often than women indicated conflicts with their superiors and subordinates. In 2013, the change of workplace was reported more often than changes in salary (especially in the youngest group of 25-34 years old) but in 2017 these answers correlated with each other, amounting to 11-12%. No gender differences were observed. In 2013-16, share of men and women who reduced their workload increased to 20%. This proportion decreased in 2016-17. And the trend towards an increase in workload at the workplace moved at a faster pace, especially among middle-aged and older men. The proportion of women who cannot relax and rest after usual working day in the period from 1988 to 2013-16 was stable at 38-39%; but by 2016-2017 it decreased by a third. The proportion of such men has been growing over 29 years and began to exceed women by 10% in 2016-17. Conclusions: Both genders began to perform additional work tasks more often and to assess their responsibility at work as high over 29 years of observations. There is a trend towards eliminating of sex differences.

scholarly journals Medical and social factors of the possibility of spreading coronavirus infection among fertile aged women

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
V.V. Podolskyi ◽  
Y.H. Antypkin ◽  
Vl.V. Podolskyi ◽  
T.R. Umanets ◽  
T.M. Kaminska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Research objective: to determine the risk factors for the spread of coronavirus infection among women of fertile age.Materials and methods. Authors analyzed the medical records (case histories and questionnaires) of 60 women of fertile age who were treated for coronavirus disease. After analysis of medical and social factors women were divided into age groups. Analysis of risk factors for coronavirus disease was determined by calculating the odds ratio according to Wald at p < 0.05.Results. Evaluation of the odds ratio of the COVID-19 chances depending on the nature of work of women of different ages showed that with intense work the risk of disease increases 2.5 times in the age group up to 30 years, which also confirms the analysis of previous indicators, that younger women with moderate workloads have more opportunities to attend mass events and crowds. In the structure of extragenital diseases in women with coronavirus disease, the chances of disease increased 2.6 times in those women who had a history of chronic tonsillitis. Among the history of infectious diseases, the chance ratio of coronavirus disease was increased in women over 30 years of age who had pertussis. Such data may indicate a similar mechanism of development of these diseases, because the causative agent of pertussis also penetrates the upper respiratory tract and may be accompanied by neurological symptoms – the appearance of seizures and bronchospasm.Conclusions. The data obtained in this way allow us to separate a narrower cohort of women of fertile age who may develop coronavirus disease. This will further allow developing proposals for a more efficient distribution of vaccines among the female population of Ukraine and reduce the prevalence of coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Specific Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Hungary: Trends from 2011 Through 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilla Tamási ◽  
Krisztián Horváth ◽  
Zoltán Kiss ◽  
Krisztina Bogos ◽  
Gyula Ostoros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Objective: No assessment was conducted describing the age and gender specific epidemiology of lung cancer (LC) prior to 2018 in Hungary, thus the objective of this study was to appraise the detailed epidemiology of lung cancer (ICD-10 C34) in Hungary based on a retrospective analysis of the National Health Insurance Fund database.Methods: This longitudinal study included patients aged ≥20 years with LC diagnosis (ICD-10 C34) between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016. Patients with different cancer-related codes 6 months before or 12 months after LC diagnosis or having any cancer treatment other than lung cancer protocols were excluded.Results: Lung cancer incidence and mortality increased with age, peaking in the 70–79 age group (375.0/100,000 person-years) among males, while at 60–69 age group for females (148.1/100,000 person-years). The male-to-female incidence rate ratio reached 2.46–3.01 (p &lt; 0.0001) among the 70–79 age group. We found 2–11% decrease in male incidence rate at most age groups, while a significant 1–3% increase was observed in older females (&gt;60) annually during the study period.Conclusion: This nationwide epidemiology study demonstrated that LC incidence and mortality in Hungary decreased in younger male and female population, however we found significant increase of incidence in older female population, similar to international trends. Incidence rates peaked in younger age-groups compared to Western countries, most likely due to higher smoking prevalence in these cohorts, while lower age LC incidence could be attributed to higher competing cardiovascular risk resulting in earlier mortality in smoking population.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Features of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19). Communication 1: Modes of Implementation of Preventive and Anti-Epidemic Measures

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Kutyrev ◽  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
V. Yu. Smolensky ◽  
E. B. Ezhlova ◽  
Yu. V. Demina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Serial Interval ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation

The review analyses the information on the epidemiological situation on COVID-19 around the world. Presented is the assessment of the major epidemiological parameters (basic reproductive rate, lethality, incubation period, and serial interval). Demonstrated is the share of severe cases among different age groups and the general structure of incidence by the severity of clinical course. The paper provides the classification of response models internationally depending upon the complex of measures undertaken at different stages of epidemic process. Reviewed are the key response actions to control the COVID-19 transmission in different countries of the world and the Russian Federation and given is the assessment of their effectiveness.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF IMMUNIZATION WITH ANTI-INFLUENZA VACCINE ON THE COURSE AND OUTCOME OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (68) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Светлана Нарышкина ◽  
Svetlana Naryshkina ◽  
Людмила Круглякова ◽  
Lyudmila Kruglyakova ◽  
Людмила Бугаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
The People ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Case Rate ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Official Data

The community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a very widespread disease and one of frequent causes of death. The stable relation of seasonal dynamics of indicators of a case rate of CAP with incidence of acute respiratory viral infection and flu becomes perceptible. One of the modern trends of decreasing the incidence and mortality at CAP is immunization with anti-influenza vaccines. Flu immunizations are included in the National calendar of preventive immunization of the Russian Federation. According to official data of the Ministry of Health of the Amur region, in 2015, 2016 and 2017 there were vaccinated 39.7%, 45.4% and 46.2% of population, respectively. CAP case rate in the group immunized with anti-influenza vaccine and in the group not immunized were analyzed. The decrease of the case rate of CAP in patients immunized from flu by 2.4 times in comparison with the people who were not vaccinated from flu was revealed. Against the background of mass vaccination against flu there was a change of clinical implications of CAP: the number of people with mild forms of illness enlarged. Lethality decreased: from 179 immunized people only one patient died, whereas from 393 not immunized people 28 patients had a lethal outcome. The case rate of CAP in people of the senior age groups decreased from 32.2% in 2009-2014 till 21.7% in 2015, from 17.8% in 2016 till 15.9% in 2017. Thus, immunization against flu is followed by an essential decrease of indicators of a case rate of CAP, relief of a disease and improvement of a disease outcome.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE OF EXCESS MORTALITY DUE TO THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION PANDEMIC IN URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
T.P. Sabgayda ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Direct Loss ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Significance. The pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection has further exacerbated the demographic problem in the Russian Federation, which was especially acute in rural areas. However, according to official data, only one third of the excess mortality in 2020 is accounted for by COVID-19. Purpose: to compare the structure of mortality growth in urban and rural residents and determine differences in loss associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. Based on the Rosstat preliminary data, the author has analyzed increase in the number of deaths per 100,000 population in 2020 compared to 2019 among males and females residing in urban and rural areas of the Russian Federation. The indicators were compared by major classes of death causes and individual diseases across the following three age groups: 15-49 years, 50-64 years, and 65 years and older. Comparison was carried out by the Chi-square test. Results. Among the urban and rural population the death rate increased by 20.6% and 15.4%, respectively; the COVID-19 mortality equaled to 109.4 and 67.5 per 100,000 population; the share of COVID-19 in the increased total mortality added up to 44.6% and 33.0%, respectively. Among urban residents, the frequency of deaths from COVID-19 in males exceeds the female one 1.8 times in population aged 15-49, 2.0 times in population aged 50-64 and 65 +; among rural residents, these values equal to 1.2, 1.4 and 1.8, respectively. Conclusion. In the structure of excess mortality associated with the spread of the novel coronavirus infection that accounted for almost one fifth of deaths in 2019, the share of direct loss due to COVID-19 is underestimated. The direct loss associated with co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus can be traced at the population level, starting from the age of 65 in males and 50 years in females, in case of deaths from diseases of the nervous system, coronary heart disease, chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract and diseases of the pancreas. With a lower level of excess mortality among rural population, its quarter is accounted for by indirect loss due to the pandemic associated with the decreased access to medical care. In the structure of excess mortality among urban population, indirect loss accounts for about one tenth, and is mainly due to consequences of stress associated with the pandemic and forced isolation. Signs of incomplete examination of the deceased in older age groups to determine the death causes, especially among rural residents, have been identified.

scholarly journals Lung cancer in Kazakhstan: age-gender features

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
D. R. KAIDAROVA ◽  
O. V. SHATKOVSKAYA ◽  
Zh. Zh. ZHOLDYBAY ◽  
A. Zh. ZHYLKAIDAROVA ◽  
A. S. PANINA
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
Gender Features

Relevance: Over the years, lung cancer (LC) remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in Kazakhstan. In 2018, LC was diagnosed in 3741 people in the RK, and 2377 dies from LC. The purpose of this study was to assess the age-gender characteristics of morbidity and mortality from LC in Kazakhstan based on statistical and literature data. Results: The conducted analysis by gender and age showed a consistent and significant increase in LC mortality in the RK, starting from the age of 40-44 years. The highest incidence and mortality were registered in the age groups of 65-69 years and 70+ years. In general, in all age categories, the incidence and mortality in men exceeded the incidence and mortality in women by 4.5–5.3 times. The highest mortality in men and women of all ages was registered in 2009 (34.3‰ and 6.9‰, respectively), the lowest – in 2019 (20.8‰ in men and 4.6‰ in women). Conclusions: The results of the assessment can be used to improve early diagnosis of LC and in the preparation of national screening programs and regional pilot projects for LC prevention and the identification of risk groups. The use of the results will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of treatment, improving the five-year survival of patients, reducing the level of neglect and mortality from LC.

scholarly journals Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Diabetes in China from 1990 to 2017: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Liu ◽  
Chuanhua Yu ◽  
Yongbo Wang ◽  
Yongyi Bi ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing in China, but the secular trends in incidence and mortality remain unknown. This study aims to examine time trends from 1990 to 2017 and the net age, period, and cohort effects on diabetes incidence and mortality. Methods: Incidence and mortality rates of diabetes (1990–2017) were collected for each 5-year age group (from 5–9 to 80–84 age group) stratified by gender from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. The average annual percentage changes in incidence and mortality were analyzed by joinpoint regression analysis; the net age, period, and cohort effects on the incidence and mortality were estimated by age-period-cohort analysis. Results: The joinpoint regression analysis showed that age-standardized incidence significantly rose by 0.92% (95% CI: 0.6%, 1.3%) in men and 0.69% in women (95% CI: 0.3%, 1.0%) from 1990 to 2017; age-standardized mortality rates rose by 0.78% (95% CI: 0.6%, 1.0%) in men and decreased by 0.12% (95% CI: −0.4%, 0.1%) in women. For age-specific rates, incidence increased in most age groups, with exception of 30–34, 60–64, 65–69 and 70–74 age groups in men and 25–29, 30–34, 35–39 and 70–74 age groups in women; mortality in men decreased in the younger age groups (from 20–24 to 45–49 age group) while increased in the older age groups (from 50–54 to 80–84 age group), and mortality in women decreased for all age groups with exception of the age group 75–79 and 80–84. The age effect on incidence showed no obvious changes with advancing age while mortality significantly increased with advancing age; period effect showed that both incidence and mortality increased with advancing time period while the period trend on incidence began to decrease since 2007; cohort effect on incidence and mortality decreased from earlier birth cohorts to more recent birth cohorts while incidence showed no material changes from 1982–1986 to 2012–2016 birth cohort. Conclusions: Mortality decreased in younger age groups but increased in older age groups. Incidence increased in most age groups. The net age or period effect showed an unfavorable trend while the net cohort effect presented a favorable trend. Aging likely drives a continued increase in the mortality of diabetes. Timely population-level interventions aiming for obesity prevention, healthy diet and regular physical activity should be conducted, especially for men and earlier birth cohorts at high risk of diabetes.

Analysis of morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer in Zabaikalskii krai

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Bogomazova ◽  
Tatyana N. Chimitdorzhieva
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The Russian Federation

Relevance. Currently, noncommunicable diseases are responsible for the majority of deaths worldwide. Cervical cancer (СС) is actual medical and social problem. Comparative analysis of morbidity, mortality and state of oncological care in Zabaikalskii krai and Russian Federation was purpose of this study. Aim. Estimation of morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer in the Zabaikalskii krai in dynamics over 10 years. Materials and methods. The assessment was carried out on the basis of an analysis of statistical data concerning the burden of morbidity and mortality from cancer in the territory of the Zabaikalskii krai and the Russian Federation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10 software. Standardized indicators were used to analyze morbidity and mortality. Differences were considered statistically significant at an error level of p0.05. Results. Analysis cervical cancer incidence of the Zabaikalskii krai and the Russian Federation in dynamics from 20072017 (100 000 female population) demonstrates a significant increase in the incidence of cervical cancer. On the territory of the Russian Federation, there is a steady increase on average by 2.26% annually, the growth dynamics over this period amounted to 25.81%, and in 2017 amounted to 15.76. In the Zabaikalskii krai in 2017, the incidence of cervical cancer was 41.54. In dynamics over the past 10 years, this indicator increased by 46.42%, which is significantly higher than in the Russian Federation (p0.01). The analysis of standardized indicators of mortality from cervical cancer in the structure of mortality from cancer in Russia in 2017 amounted to 5.18%, which corresponds to 10th place. Mortality in the first year since diagnosis was 14.6%. In the group of women of reproductive age 3039 years, mortality from cervical cancer was also maximum (23.6%) compared with other age groups. Mortality from cervical cancer in the Zabaikalskii krai was 7.17 in 2017. This indicator is higher than the all-Russian values by 38.41% (p0.01). In dynamics over 10 years, a decrease in mortality in the Zabaikalskii krai by 6.39% is noted. Conclusion. It should be noted that a significant increase in the incidence of cervical cancer, and a decrease in mortality from this pathology, may indicate some success in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. In this regard, the search for new diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers at this stage is relevant in solving this all-Russian medical and social problem.

Cardiovascular System Aboriginal and Send the Female Cardiovascular System Aboriginal and Migrant Female Population of the North of Russia: Models and Age Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Соколова ◽  
A. Sokolova ◽  
Еськов ◽  
Valeriy Eskov ◽  
Филатова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
The North ◽  
Prolongation Of Life ◽  
The Russian Federation

Pathology of the cardiovascular system significantly affects the operational period, and improvement in cardiovascular system always and definitely can provide the prolongation of life. So the study of differences in life expectancy between aboriginal and migrant female population living in the North of the Russian Federation is based on the state of the cardiovascular system. To study the dynamics of the parameters of the autonomic nervous system in female population of Ugra - Ob of the North of Russia, the authors used the method of cardiorythm registration. It is defined that parasympathetic division (parameter SIM) dominates over the sympathetic division (parameter PAR) of the autonomic nervous system in the youngest age group of women. The authors found diametrically opposite dynamics of PAR in two age groups: migrant population has a high initial value at a young age (12.5.a.u.) in comparison with the natives (10,6 a.u. source). However, in older age, these differences remain (7,84 a.u. and 6,87 a.u. respectively). Description of the dynamics of increase of the sympathetic and downs parasympathetic effect was produced in the framework of the model of Verhulst-Pearl, i.e., systems with saturation. However, the parameters of RR-intervals in the migrant population have a parabolic dependence.

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