scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN HOMECARE MAHASISWI DIII KEBIDANAN PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III TERHADAP JENIS METODE KB TERPILIH

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ervin Rufaindah
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Home Care Services ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

The use of contraception after childbirth is so important to prevent the occurrence of unwanted pregnancies. Nearly 80% of family planning acceptors choose hormonal birth control, so people are not familiar with hormonal birth control. However, many acceptors complained about the side effects of family planning so that many acceptors dropped out. One of the causes of the number of family planning acceptors dropping out is the lack of understanding of hormonal family planning so that it is necessary to provide health education about family planning and contraceptive methods to increase maternal awareness of using contraception. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of homecare giving from midwifery students in trimester III pregnant women on the type of selected birth control method in Malang. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample amounted to 67 respondents. Data analysis using the chi-square test. The result of the chi-square test p-value is 0.132> 0.05, which means there is no significant relationship between home care services and the type of family planning method chosen after delivery. It is hoped that students, educational institutions and midwives will jointly improve the quality of services by providing optimal IEC related to family planning and contraception. Keywords: Homecare, Selection of Contraception Tools, Pregnant Women III Trimester ABSTRAK Penggunaan alat kontrasepsi setelah melahirkan begitu penting untuk mencegah terjadinya kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan. Hampir 80% akseptor KB memilih KB hormonal, sehingga masyarakat tidak asing lagi dengan KB hormonal. Akan tetapi banyak juga akseptor yang mengeluhkan efek samping KB hormonal sehingga banyak akseptor yang drop out. Salah satu penyebab banyaknya akseptor KB drop outyakni kurangnya pemahaman tentang KB hormonal sehingga perlupemberian pendidikan kesehatan tentang KB dan metode kontrasepsi untuk meningkatkan kesadaran ibu menggunakan kontrasepsi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian homecare mahasiswi DIII Kebidanan pada ibu hamil trimester III terhadap jenis metode KB terpilih di Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 67 responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-Square. Hasil uji uji chi-Square Pvalue 0,132 > 0,05 yang berarti tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara pelayanan homecare dengan jenis metode KB terpilih setelah melahirkan. Diharapkan mahasiswa, institusi pendidikan dan bidan praktik bersama-sama meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dengan memberikan KIE yang optimal terkait keluarga berencana dan alat kontrasepsi. Kata kunci : Homecare, Alat Kontrasepsi, Ibu Hamil Trimester III  

HUBUNGAN UMUR DAN PARITAS IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT Dr. MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG TAHUN 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Ida Muliana Wahyu Ida Muliana
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Hyperemesis Gravidarum marked excessive nausea and vomiting in pregnant women at a young age. WHO estimates that 536,000 women died from direct complications of pregnancy and childbirth. One complication of pregnancy is Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Hyperemesis Gravidarum in the world has been estimated to occur in 1-2% of pregnant. According to data from the Medical Record of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital, the incidence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum in 2011 there were 72 people of 661 pregnant women. The purpose of this reseach was to determine the relationship between maternal age and parity with Hyperemesis Gravidarum in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital 2011. The Design of this reseach used Cross Sectional by analytic approach survey. The population of this reseach are all of mother who gestational ≤ 16 weeks (four months) in the Installation of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital in January to December of 2011 with the sample of 661 people which taken by systematic random sampling and the reseach was conducted from 17 April to 24 April 2012.  Each variable that was observed in tests using Chi-Square test with a (0.05).  The results of this study showed that 5.9% of mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum, 21.8% of mothers with high risk age, and 30.0% primigravida. Chi-Square test showed no significant relationship between age (p value = 0.000) and parity (p value = 0.000) with the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum. Expected to the Hospital to be implemented properly instructed how to provide counseling to pregnant women about pregnancy and childbirth, as well as provide confidence that the nausea and vomiting is a symptom of physiology in pregnancy.   ABSTRAK Hiperemesis Gravidarum ditandai mual dan muntah yang berlebihan terjadi pada ibu hamil di usia muda. WHO memperkirakan 536.000 perempuan meninggal dunia akibat langsung dari komplikasi kehamilan dan persalinan. Salah satu komplikasi kehamilan adalah Hiperemesis Gravidarum. Insiden Hiperemesis Gravidarum di dunia telah diperkirakan terjadi pada 1-2% wanita hamil. Menurut data dari Medical Record Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, angka kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum pada tahun 2011 terdapat 72 orang dari 661 ibu hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur dan paritas ibu dengan kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum pada ibu di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang tahun 2011. Desain Penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah dengan umur kehamilan ≤ 16 minggu (4 bulan) yang pernah dirawat inap di Instalasi Kebidanan dan Penyakit Kandungan Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang pada bulan Januari-Desember tahun 2011 dengan jumlah sample 661 orang yang diambil secara systematic Random Sampling (secara acak sistematis) dan penelitian ini dilakukan dari tanggal 17 April sampai dengan 24 April 2012. Masing-masing variabel yang diteliti di uji dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan a (0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 5,9% ibu mengalami hiperemesis gravidarum, 21,8% ibu dengan umur resiko tinggi, dan 30,0% ibu primigravida. Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur (p value = 0,000) dan paritas (p value = 0,000) dengan kejadian hiperemesis gravidarum. Diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi pihak Rumah Sakit agar dilaksanakan penyuluhan dengan cara memberikan konseling terhadap ibu hamil tentang kehamilan dan persalinan, serta memberikan keyakinan bahwa mual muntah merupakan gejala fisiologi pada kehamilan.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemanfaatan Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) Pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Karanganyar Kota Tasikmalaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Dudi Ahmad M ◽  
Sri Mulyanti ◽  
Neni Nuraeni
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nursing Services ◽  
Chi Square Test

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a condition where a person does not have immunity. The disease can be transmitted from pregnant women to the child they are carrying, in an effort to detect early HIV, VCT needs to be done. Karanganyar Community Health Center data in 2017 VCT service coverage for pregnant women in 2017 was less than 26.7%. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the use of VCT in pregnant women. This type of research is quantitative by using descriptive correlation method and cross sectional approach. The population is 70 pregnant women who were obtained by purposive sampling technique. Data obtained by closed questionnaire and data analyzed using frequency distribution and chi square test. The results showed knowledge about VCT examination included less (52.9%), attitudes included negative (55.7%), secondary education (52.9%), most did not work (67.1%), more than half received less support from their husbands (57.1%), and most did not utilize VCT services (72.9%). Factors related to the use of VCT are knowledge (p value 0,000), attitude (p value 0,000), education (p value 0,000) and husband's support (p value 0,000), unrelated factors are work (p value 0.196). The conclusion from this study factors related to the use of VCT are knowledge, attitudes, education and husband's support. Therefore, it is better for health workers, especially nurses, to provide nursing services to pregnant women, especially the use of VCT services as an effort in early detection of HIV in pregnant women. Keywords: Factors, Utilization of VCT Services

scholarly journals Analysis of Differences in Individual Characteristics, Lifestyle, Nutritional Status and Dieting Patterns in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsian History

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Asti Melani Astari ◽  
◽  
Nurul Evi ◽  
Muladefi Choiriyah ◽  
Puji Ariyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Preeclampsia is a multisystem complication that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation. In recent years there has been no significant decrease in the incidence of preeclampsia, even in developed countries it is still the main cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze differences in individual characteristics, lifestyle (physical activity), nutritional status and diet in pregnant women with a history of preeclampsia. This research design is descriptive analytic with cross sectional approach. Samples were obtained from 55 pregnant women with consecutive sampling who met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis used chi-square test and spearman correlation test. The results showed a relationship between physical activity with systolic blood pressure (p value 0.001, r = 0.449) and diastolic (p value 0.43, r = 0.273), there was also a relationship between diet and risk factors for preeclampsia through blood pressure measurements as evidenced by increase in blood pressure (p value 0.000) in pregnant women in the working area of Puskesmas Kedungkandang Malang. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference in intervening pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia, so that the disease does not develop more severely so that it does not endanger the lives of the mother and the fetus she is carrying

scholarly journals The Effect of Antenatal Care During Covid -19 on Complications of Pregnant

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Ni Gusti Made Ayu Agung Budhi ◽  
Maryanah Maryanah
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Child Health

Quality Antenatal Care (ANC) services can prevent complications during pregnancy, but during the Covid-19 pandemic, there is a policy for mothers to postpone ANC visits. The purpose of the study was to find out how the influence of ANC services during the Covid-19 pandemic on the incidence of complications in pregnant women. The research method used is an analytical survey with a Cross-Sectional approach. The number of samples is 110 pregnant women respondents. The statistical test used is the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the age of pregnant women was 92.1% of healthy reproductive age, high school education level was 90.4%, some pregnancies experienced by mothers 2 were 66.7%, work as housewives were 67%. The biggest complication that occurs in pregnant women is anemia (40%). The provision of quality ANC services with 10T has a positive influence on the incidence of complications in pregnancy during the pandemic (p-value <0.05), as well as understanding of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) book (p-value <0.05) and the anxiety felt by the mother (p-value <0.05) influences the occurrence of complications. The conclusions obtained were the effect of providing quality ANC services with 10 T, understanding of the MCH handbook on the incidence of complications during the covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ASAP ROKOK TERHADAP TERJADINYA HIPERTENSI PADA IBU HAMIL DI DESA BRANGKAL BOJONEGORO

IKESMA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Astri Meidah Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
P Value ◽  
Increase Blood Pressure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Cigarette exposure is one factor in the occurrence of hypertension and can increase blood pressure both for pregnant women and not. Hypertension is a fairly high disease problem in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of cigarette smoke to the occurrence of hypertension in pregnant women in Brangkal Village, Kepohbaru District, Bojonegoro City. This study is an observational analytic study and uses a quantitative approach. The design of this study uses cross sectional. The location of this study was conducted in Brangkal Village, Kepohbaru District, Bojonegoro City, from July to August 2018. The sample in this study used a total sampling of the population of all pregnant women in Brangkal Village, namely 10 pregnant women. The results of the study here are from the calculation of the chi-square test above indicating that the root problem of cigarette smoke in hypertension has P Value <α so that the results obtained are Ho accepted or not significant (p = 0.857). The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant relationship to exposure to cigarette smoke in the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women. This occurs due to several factors such as a husband who is working outside the city so that exposure to cigarette smoke is not as often as possible. Supporting factors are such as diet, knowledge and the amount of parity can affect hypertension in pregnant women.

HUBUNGAN LAMA PEMAKAIAN KB AKDR DENGAN KEJADIAN LEUKOREA DI PUSKESMAS SOSIAL PALEMBANG TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bina Aquari, Yuhemy Zurizah Bina Aquari, Yuhemy Zurizah
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Family Planning Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Small Object ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

    a B S T R A k         AKDR merupakan suatu benda kecil yang terbuat dari plastik yang lentur, mempunyai lilitan tembaga  atau mengandung hormon yang dimasukkan ke dalam vagina dan mempunyai benang. Pada 3 bulan setelah  pemasangan.ada keluhan leukorea. Leukorea merupakan cairan yang keluar dari dalam vagina selain berupa darah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  mengetahui Hubungan lama pemakaian KB AKDR dengan kejadian Leukorea di Puskesmas Sosial Palembang. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional.  Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total populasi yaitu ibu yang KB AKDR dengan lama pemakaian ≤ 3 bulan dan > 3 bulan yang berjumlah 56 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisa data menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  mayoritas  ibu lama  menggunakan  KB AKDR  > 3 bulan adalah mengalami Leukorea fisiologis (58,1%). Hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan Chi-Square diperoleh P value 0,009 dimana (0,010 < 0,05) yang berarti ada hubungan lama pemakaian KB AKDR dengan kejadian Leukorea. Ibu atau akseptor KB  lebih baik memperhatikan efek samping sebelum memutuskan untuk memilih KB agar tidak mempunyai efek yang bisa merugikan kesehatannya. Selain itu, petugas kesehatan terutama bidan juga tetap waspada dalam memberikan pelayanan khususnya tentang KB harus memperhatikan dampak yang akan muncul bagi akseptor, bila terjadi suatu yang merugikan bagi pasien maka mencarikan solusi yang tepat.  Dapat menjadi acuan yang bermanfaat bagi penelitian selanjutnya yang berkaitan dengan lama pemakaian KB AKDR dengan kejadian Leukorea.       ABSTRACT Labor AKDR is a small object made ​​of flexible plastic, has a coil of copper or contains hormones that is inserted into the vagina and have a yarn. In 3 months after inserted the complaint of leucorrhea incidence. Leucorrhea is a vaginal discharge other than blood. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between duration in using AKDR and leucorrhea incidence at Sosial Health Center Palembang. The study used descriptive correlation design with cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used total population of mothers who become family planning acceptors by AKDR method with duration of use ≤ 3 months and > 3 months, as many as 56 people. Data collection used questionnaire technique. And the data analyzed by using Chi-Square test. The results of study indicated that the majority of women have long duration in using family planning of AKDR method for more than 3 months had experiencing physiological leukorea (58.1%). By Chi-Square test obtained p value 0.009 (p<0.05), which means there was a correlation of duration in using AKDR and the leucorrhea incidence. The mother or family planning acceptors better to pay attention to its side effects before deciding to choose family planning method in order to have not an effect that could harm their health. In addition, health workers, especially midwives must be vigilant in providing their services particularly in family planning method and should pay attention to the potential impacts for the acceptor. If there is a disservice to patients then find the right solution. This study can be a useful reference for further researchers in making a research to correlate the duration in using AKDR with leukorea.    

PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL DALAM MENGONSUMSI ASAM FOLAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Evis Ritawani Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

<p><em>Folic acid an important role in pregnant women in the formation of red blood cells. According SDKI 2012 Demographic and Health Survey maternal mortality is high that consists of 359 per 100,000 in live births and consists of 31% maternal mortality caused by bleeding. One of program </em><em>decreasing AKI</em><em> </em><em>withconsumes tablets Fe + folic acid that able to reduce anemia upto 65%. The results of the first survey in the Pratama Sarinah Clinic of 6 pregnant women, 5 of them with HB &lt;10 g% did not take folic acid for reasons unknow the benefits of folic acid, and one mother said forget about it. The purpose this study to determine the relationship of knowledge with the attitude of pregnant mothers to take folic acid. The study was conducted in April 2016. The quantitative analytical research method with cross sectional design, the population has obtained of pregnant women who visited the period January-March 2016 that consists of 126 people, with a sample consists of 56 people. The results consists of the 56 respondents, consists of 34 (60.7%) respondents less knowledgeable and consists of 23 (74.2%) respondents to be negative in the consumption of folic acid. Based on the analysis obtained chi-square test p value of 0.043, which means p &lt;α 0.05, there is any relationship between knowledge and attitude of pregnant mothers to take folic acid.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TANDA-TANDA BAHAYA KEHAMILAN DAN PRAKTIK IBU HAMIL SAAT MENGALAMI KOMPLIKASI KEHAMILAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Maryuni Maryuni ◽  
Legina Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Pregnancy and childbirth are very important events for every woman and her family. But this event can be a complication for the mother and the baby she is carrying. Maternal death is generally influenced by two causal factors, namely direct cause and indirect cause. The direct cause of maternal death is a factor associated with complications of pregnancy, childbirth and childbirth. This research is an analytical research with cross sectional design. The number of samples used as many as 111 pregnant women scattered in jakarta and surrounding areas. The results of this study found the results of chi square test found the result of p value 0.091 which means there is no significant relationship. It is expected that with this research other research can increase the number of variables associated with the practices and behaviors of pregnant women when experiencing complications in their pregnancy.

scholarly journals Self Efficacy of Family Planning Acceptors in Selecting Contraception Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamsatun K ◽  
Elis E
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Planning Counseling ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
General Self Efficacy

The behavior of family planning acceptors in choosing the contraception methods was influenced by several factors. Banduras’ theory stated that the cognitive processes including making a decision, having beliefs, or appreciating self-abilities were a consideration in understanding individuals' capabilities to deal with certain tasks. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and the selection of contraception methods. This research applied the colerational design with a cross-sectional approach. Independent variable was the level of Self-efficacy and the dependent variable was the choice of contraception methods. The population in this study were all fertile age couples (15-49 years) who were part of family planning acceptors in the Kopo sub-district Bandung Regency. The samples were 70 people that were chosen using cluster sampling techniques. Instruments of this study were the self-efficacy scale based on Bandura (1997) aspect of self-efficacy in Ghufron (2010) and the modification scale of General Self-Efficacy (GSE) from Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1995). According to Schwarzer et al (2009) states that the GSE scale is a unidimensional scale where the GSE scale of 12 items is a unity of aspects of magnitude, strength, and generality. Analysis using the Chi-Square test. There was a relationship between self-efficacy and contraception selection with p-value 0,031. Family planning counseling with health providers would motivate acceptors. Family planning acceptors improved self-efficacy so that family planning acceptors would be confident with the choice of contraception used and avoid the risk of harmful pregnancy. Keywords: Self-efficacy, Family Planning Participants

scholarly journals Factors Related with Anemia in Pregnant Women in Johan Pahlawan Sub-District, West Aceh District

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Susy Sriwahyuni ◽  
Fitriani Fitriani ◽  
Azwar Azwar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy

Anemia in Pregnant Women is a health problem during pregnancy. Where the state of decreased hemoglobin levels and the number of red blood cells below normal values. Increased need for iron nearly tripled for the needs of mothers and fetuses during pregnancy, anemia in pregnant women has an impact on morbidity and maternal death, the risk of low birth weight, premature birth. Anemia can also be avoided by consuming foods that often contain animal protein and vegetable protein. Iron (Fe) intake, knowledge, and family support have an important role in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. This type of research is a cross sectional survey. The study was conducted in Johan Pahlawan Sub-district, West Aceh District. The population is all pregnant women trimester II and III of 54 pregnant women. Taking in total sampling, data analysis used Univariate analysis and Bivariate (Chi-Square test). The results of the study obtained a relationship between the knowledge factor with the P-value = 0.001 and the Family Support factor with a P-value = 0.004 with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Expected mothers are expected to know the importance of consuming iron (Fe) intake, extensive knowledge about the dangers of anemia during pregnancy and the importance of family support for pregnant women to avoid anemia.

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