scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF SKINNER’S OPERATION OPERATING THEORY IN THE BUILDING OF THE M-SOLAH ROBOT MODULE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (35) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Siti Fauziah Mohd Amin ◽  
Sabariah Sharif ◽  
Mad Nor Madjapuni ◽  
Muralindran Mariappan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Conference Papers

The M-Solah Robot Module is a module specially developed for learning and facilitating (PdPc) solah. This module was developed based on the need to maximize mastery of the theory and practice of solah to enhance the level of practice of solah among students. The development of the module addresses the use of positive and negative reinforcement in the activities included in this module to encourage students to be actively involved in learning and facilitating (PdPc). Positive and negative reinforcement are two essential components of Skinner’s Operation Theory of Opposition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the use of positive and negative reinforcement in education and to propose the implementation of the element in the development of the M-Solah Robot Module. This study was a qualitative study employing a document analysis method. The search for scientific materials such as journal articles, conference papers, theses in digital and non-digital forms was done using the keywords “positive reinforcement”, “negative reinforcement” and “Operation Theory of Skinner Operation”, “prayer” and “module”. The findings revealed that positive reinforcement could be implemented in the M-Solah Robot Module with the awarding of stars, awarding cards, honoring and praising from teachers or M-Solah Robot. Contrarily, the use of negative reinforcement could be executed with the granting of penalty cards, reprimanding, advising, giving time, and extra work during the learning and facilitating the process.

scholarly journals APPRAISAL OF HUMAN ACTS DISCOURSE AMONG ASHĀ‘IRAH SCHOLARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kamal Bin Amat Misra ◽  
Nurhanisah Binte Senin ◽  
Mohd Manawi Bin Mohd Akib ◽  
Abdull Rahman Mahmood ◽  
Jaffary Awang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Acts Of God

Purpose: This paper attempts to illuminate the different opinions of Ashā‘irah scholars namely, Al-Bāqillānī, Al-Juwaynī and Al-Ghazālī on the subject of human acts. The discourse of human acts emerges from the argument of God’s attributes qudrah and irādah. It was first discussed by Jabariyyah and Qadariyyah which was then eventually elevated by the Mu’tazilah in understanding human acts. Methodology: This study is a qualitative study in nature that employs document analysis method. The comparative analysis will be done in order to examine similarities and differences found in the discussion of the Ashā‘irah scholars. Main Findings: As a whole, the four scholars anticipated in different arguments. It can be summed that Al-Ash‘arī and Al-Ghazālī hold that human acts are still considered as acts of God considering all actions are created by Him. Meanwhile, Al-Bāqillānī and Al-Juwaynī maintained human acts to be free from God’s acts. Applications: The discussion of this study serves as an important mean in comprehending the discourse of the Ashā‘irah tradition on the concept of human acts. Novelty/Originality: This paper examines the arguments and proofs based on the Ashā‘irah scholars which will look into their respective writings on the discourse of human act.

scholarly journals The Study Of The Second Conflict In Sampang

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Arnis Rachmadhani
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Conflict Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Boarding House ◽  
Personal Conflict

<p><em>This research was basically based on qualitative study. It was the second conflict in Sampang, the rampage which exploded between some people who trying to block the Tajul Muluk’s followers and preventing them from going back to the Pondok Pesantren (Islamic Boarding House) of YAPPI in Bangil, Pasuruan. The data in this study was collected using three sorts of data collection techniques: interview, document analysis, and observation. It was done by using the conflict analysis method, from which the writer found out that this second incident appeared in Sampang is manifestation of latent conflict accumulation which is actually personal conflict complicated by some religious issues. The conflict is to be resolved by using both bureaucracy and cultural approaches.</em></p>

Elemen Merentasi Sempadan Masa Dalam “Ghiyath al-Umam” Karya Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayniyy

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zaini Yahaya ◽  
Muhammad Adib Samsudin ◽  
Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
Time Boundary

In the study school of thought, an exposure to the context of across the time boundary known as "al-fiqh al-taqdiri" is a special feature in the formation of the Hanafi sect. It is also a feature shared by other sects including the Syafie sect. The authors chose the book of "Ghiyath al-Umam" by Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayniyy (419H-478H) for this study as the book was loaded with elements across the time compared to his other books. This study is a qualitative study and the design is document analysis. The study of Ghiyath al-Umam's book shows how far Imam al-Haramayn's imagination that has not been reflected by most of the people at his time. But some have already happened now and some might happen in the future.Keywords: civilization, futuristics, Syafie sect ABSTRAK: pengajian sejarah mazhab kita biasa didedahkan bahawa fiqh merentasi sempadan masa yang dikenali sebagai “al-fiqh al-taqdiri” merupakan ciri istimewa dalam pembentukan mazhab Hanafi. Hakikatnya dengan berlalunya zaman ia turut menjadi ciri yang dikongsi bersama oleh mazhab-mazhab lain termasuk mazhab Syafie. Untuk melihat kebenaran teori ini penulis memilih kitab “Ghiyath al-Umam” karangan Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayniyy (419H-478H). Imam al-Haramayn merupakan antara tokoh terawal yang tersohor dalam bidang fiqh syafie dan usul al-fiqh di samping bidang ilmu kalam. Karya-karya beliau dalam bidang fiqh mazhab Syafie dan usul al-fiqh aliran mutakallimin menjadi sumber utama dalam disiplin masing-masing. Pandangan-pandangan beliau sangat berautoriti dan dinukilkan oleh para ulama muhaqqiqun seperti Imam al-Nawawiyy dalam fiqh Syafie dan Fakhr al-Din al-Raziyy dalam bidang usul al-fiqh. Justeru beliau ialah tokoh yang sangat bersesuaian untuk tujuan kajian ini. Kitab Ghiyath al-Umam dijadikan fokus kajian memandangkan kitab ini sarat dengan elemen merentasi masa berbanding kitab-kitab beliau yang lain. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif dan reka bentuknya adalah analisis dokumen. Kajian terhadap kitab Ghiyath al-Umam dapat menunjukkan betapa jauhnya imiginasi Imam al-Haramayn yang tidak tergambar oleh sebahagian besar manusia ketika itu. Namun sebahagiannya sudah pun berlaku pada masa ini dan sebahagiannya mungkin akan berlaku pada masa akan datang.Kata Kunci: peradaban, futuristik, fiqh mazhab Syafie

Healthcare and Terrorism: The Lebanese Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nooreddine Iskandar ◽  
Tatiana Rahbany ◽  
Ali Shokor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: Due to the common instability caused by political and security issues, Lebanese hospitals have experienced acts of terrorism multiple times. The most recent Beirut Explosion even forced several hospitals to cease operations for the first time in decades—but studies show the preparedness levels for such attacks in similar countries are low. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the experience of Lebanese hospitals with terrorist attacks. Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders to assess their experience with terrorist bombings. Data was analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Results: The researchers found that Lebanese hospitals vary greatly in their structures and procedures. Those differences are a function of 3 contextual factors: location, culture, and accreditation status. Hospitals found near ‘dangerous zones’ were more likely to be aware and to have better response to such events. A severe lack of communication, unity of command, and collaboration between stakeholders has made the process fragmented. Conclusion: The researchers recommend a larger role for the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) in this process, and the creation of a platform where Lebanese organizations can share their experiences to improve preparedness and resilience of the Lebanese healthcare system in the face of terrorism.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Students from the Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies Regarding the Concept of Curriculum

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Melis Yesilpinar Uyar
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Preservice Teacher Education ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Computer Education ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Instructional Technologies ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Perceptions Of Students

In the study, the purpose was to determine the perceptions of students from the department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies regarding the concept of curriculum. The participants of the study conducted with the phenomenology research design were 212 preservice teachers. The research data were collected via document analysis and interviews. For the analysis of the data, the inductive content analysis method was used. The results revealed that the preservice teachers perceived the concept of curriculum as a process with positive and negative features which emphasize change and development. The results also demonstrated that the participants perceived their levels of knowledge about curriculum as partly sufficient. In addition, it was found that undergraduate education has an important role in the development of these perceptions. Moreover, the results emphasized the need for making more planned and systematic regulations in relation to the functioning of curriculum studies in Turkey. Lastly, the results demonstrated that there is a need for regulations in the structure of the preservice teacher education curricula to give meaning to the concept of curriculum.

scholarly journals The Internationalization of the Academic Library: A Systematic Review of 25 Years of Literature on International Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda B. Click ◽  
Claire Walker Wiley ◽  
Meggan Houlihan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
International Students ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
The United States ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Conference Papers

This study is a systematic review of the library and information science (LIS) literature related to international students and academic libraries. A systematic review involves the methodical collection and analysis of a body of literature and is growing in popularity in the LIS field. Three well-known LIS databases were systematically searched for articles related to the topic, and manual bibliography searches were conducted to find additional publications. Journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers were included or excluded based on established criteria. Findings show that articles published about international students and academic libraries have increased steadily between 1990 and 2014. The majority of authors are affiliated with universities and institutions in the United States, although an increase in represented countries is apparent. Fewer than half of the articles can be considered original research, and surveys are the most popular method for data collection. The LIS field—and international students—would benefit from further exploration of this topic, particularly from original research with practical implications.

George Washington: a revolutionary approach to leadership

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 995-1009
Author(s):  
Todd C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Leadership Traits ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Leadership Theories ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tools And Techniques

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine George Washington’s approach to leadership through the lens of contemporary leadership theory and practice; and second, to help modern managers further reflect upon and develop their own leadership capabilities through a historiographic examination of Washington’s leadership traits and skills.Design/methodology/approachCombining three different academic disciplines, management, psychology and history, the author utilized a historiographic and interdisciplinary research methodology, conducting a detailed exploration of the life of George Washington through an examination of a wide range of original archival materials, books, journal articles and other sources.FindingsThe present analysis reveals that Washington demonstrated a variety of well-validated leadership competencies (e.g. emotional intelligence, resilience, integrity, etc.) that are largely consistent with leader-centered theoretical conceptions of leadership.Originality/valueThis is the first historiographic study of George Washington’s approach to leadership within the management literature. Additionally, through the development of a competency model, the study demonstrates how Washington employed tools and techniques from a host of modern leadership theories to achieve critically important results.

Approach and avoidance learning in patients with major depression and healthy controls: relation to anhedonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Chase ◽  
M. J. Frank ◽  
A. Michael ◽  
E. T. Bullmore ◽  
B. J. Sahakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Global Reduction

BackgroundCentral to understanding of the behavioural consequences of depression has been the theory that the disorder is accompanied by an increased sensitivity to negative compared with positive reinforcement (negative bias), whereas other theorists have emphasized a global reduction in sensitivity to reinforcement in depression (blunting).MethodIn this study, we used a probabilistic selection task that was designed to examine independently rates of learning to predict both positive and negative reinforcement. Twenty-three depressed out-patients and 23 healthy controls from the local population participated in the study.ResultsNo evidence for a negative bias was observed on the task, either during acquisition of the task or during generalization of the learned information. Depressed patients responded slower on the task than controls but showed a similar modulation of reaction times (RTs) as controls following reinforcement. Evidence for blunting was observed on the training phase, as reflected in reduced trial-by-trial adjustment during this phase. However, this effect was related specifically to the severity of anhedonia, as measured by the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), and was independent of overall depression severity.ConclusionsWe argue that the observation of a negative bias or blunting in a group of depressed patients may be dependent on the neuropsychological task and the symptoms of the patients tested. Our results provide insight into how these theories might be further tested.

scholarly journals HETEROMORPHA ARBORESCENS: A REVIEW OF ITS BOTANY, MEDICINAL USES, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Journal Articles ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
The University ◽  
Conference Papers ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Heteromorpha arborescens is an important medicinal plant species throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. This study evaluated the botany, medicinal uses, and pharmacological activities of H. arborescens. Literature focusing on the botany, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of H. arborescens were obtained from scientific databases such as SCOPUS, Science Direct, PubMed, SciFinder, Medline, and Google Scholar. Pre-electronic literature sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles, conference papers, and other scientific documents were obtained from the University library. Literature search revealed that H. arborescens is used as an aphrodisiac, as herbal medicine for shortness of breath, intestinal worms, inflammation, pain, respiratory problems, skin infections, headache, fever, and malaria. Pharmacological studies of compounds and H. arborescens extracts revealed anthelmintic, antiarthritic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antipeptic ulcer, anti-scabies, antispasmodic, antiviral, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and uterotonic activities. More detailed research is needed aimed at assessing phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of different plant parts and phytochemical compounds isolated from the species.

scholarly journals Content Analysis of Stories for Preschoolers About Honesty

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Dal ◽  
◽  
Cemil Öztep ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Values Education ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
National Education

The purpose of this study is to examine how selected stories, which are written in Turkish by local or foreign authors for preschoolers, deal with honesty. In this basic interpretive qualitative study, data were collected through document analysis and analyzed through content analysis. Analyzed documents are twenty-one picture books, which written in Turkish for preschoolers published between 2004 and 2015, nine stories about honesty published online by four Turkish Provincial Directorates of National Education and one story about honesty published online by the Center for Values Education. The software NVivo 11 was used to conduct computer-assisted data analysis. The results of this study demonstrate that most of the analyzed texts use “dishonesty and its negative consequences” more than “honesty and its positive outcomes” to promote honesty.

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