Morphological Alterations of the Rat Testicles Following Administration of Graded Doses of Leaves of Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) Aqueous Extract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kom-Abasi Daniel Etim ◽  
Ubi Essien Isaac ◽  
Anozeng Oyono Igiri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Group I ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Guava Leaf ◽  
Dose Response Effect

The current study design to assess the dose-response effect of administering an aqueous extract of guava leaves on the microstructure of the testicles due to the growing use of this plant in complementary and alternative medicine practice. Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats with an average body weight of 160 g apportion to four groups (n=6 each). Group, I served as the control and received distilled water; group II gave a lower dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of guava leaf extract; group III received a medium dose of 750 mg/kg; while group IV administer a higher amount of 1000 mg/kg per day. Treatments were given once daily by gavage and lasted for 14 days, while the stock solution prepares by dissolving 50 g of the extract in 30 ml of water. The cervical dislocation method used to euthanize the rats, dissect the abdominopelvic region to obtain tissue specimens from the testes for histological processing. The outcome exhibited the extract to cause moderate to severe (dose-dependent) morphological alterations with the seminiferous tubules' fibrotic appearance, strict spermatogenic arrest, and necrosis of both the interstitial cells of Leydig and the Sertoli cells. The ingestion of guava leaves at the investigated concentration and doses is harmful to the testicle, the primary reproductive organ in males. It should therefore be consumed with caution when being used primarily in folklore-traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Tamarix dioica (Ghaz) Protective Potential in the Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity Animal Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Sumra Komal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Hepatic diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite overall advancements in health care, mortality due to hepatic diseases is constantly growing. More than 2 million people globally are estimated to die each year from liver diseases, and current treatment offers little for its management. Thus, it is essential to find more effective and less toxic pharmaceutical alternatives for the treatment of liver diseases. Aims & Objectives: Tamarix dioica, a shrub broadly used in herbal medicine for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. The current study was designed to analyze the hepatoprotective effect of T. dioica in BALB?cmice against CCl4-induced acute liver damage. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in NIH, Islamabad, Pakistan, for six months in 2016-2017. Material & Methods: For in vivo evaluation, the animals (n= 42) were randomly divided into seven groups (n=6), three control (i.e. Group, I or normal control, group II or induction control received 0.9% normal saline orally, and Group III or positive control received silymarin 100 mg/kg per oral), and four treatment groups (i.e. IV, V,VI and VII were treated with oral T.dioica 200 mg/kg/day, 300mg/kg/day methanol extract, 200mg/kg/day and 300mg/kg/day of aqueous extracts respectively for six days, followed by intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 on the seventh day. The blood samples were collected for analysis of LFTs, and hepatic tissue was taken for histological analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16, one-way ANOVA with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results: CCl4 induction in Group 2 resulted in severe hepatic derangement manifested as highly elevated mean LFTs (ALT 7245.56, AST 3292.11, ALP 340.09 U/L, bilirubin 4.64 mg/dl) as compared to healthy controls (ALT 38.97, AST 50.20, ALP 57.17 U/L, bilirubin 1.25 mg/dl: (Group 1) levels p<0.001. Pretreatment with different extracts of T.dioica for 6 days before CCl4 administration produced varying degrees of hepatoprotection. 300mg/kg aqueous extract T.dioica (Group7) prevented damage with maximal hepatoprotection, reduced LFTs (ALT: 339.95 , AST: 242.90 , ALP: 116.86 U/L, bilirubin: 1.38 mg/dl) and normalized liver histology as compared to Group 2 and standard drug silymarin 100mg/kg, (ALT: 6483.23, AST: 2567.69, ALP: 272.19 U/L, bilirubin: 2.84 mg/dl: Group 3) p<0.001. Lesser hepatoprotection was provided by T.dioica aqueous extract 200mg/kg (ALT: 439.93, AST: 367.87, ALP: 180.62 U/L bilirubin: 1.53 mg/dl: Group VI) and least by 300mg/kg & 200mg/kg methanolic extracts Groups V & IV (ALT: 6338.06, 6443.91, AST: 2800.81, 3012.34, ALP: 242, 248 U/L & bilirubin: 2.82 & 3.62 mg/dl) respectively. Further, no drug-induced toxicity symptoms were observed 24 hours after administration of the high dose oral T. dioica 2000 mg/kg/body weight aqueous and methanolic extracts were administered. Conclusion: Pretreatment with T. dioica extracts especially 300mg/kg aqueous extract reduced acute CCl4-mediated liver damage, ameliorated histopathological as well as biochemical parameters and was free of toxicity in 2000mg/kg /body weight dose in the mice experimental model. T. dioica has potential in hepatoprotective drug research.

scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous Extract of Leaf Psidium guajava and Its Effect on Some Haematological Parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
M. I. Uneze ◽  
D. N. Azionu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Average Body

Various parts of psidium guajava linn are used in ethnomedicine in controls and treatments of different disorders such as liver, heart, and blood related disorders [11]. This research work investigate qualitative phytochemical composition of ethanol leaf extract of psidium guajava linn and its effect on some hematological parameters in albino rats. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract was performed by standard procedures. A total of 20 adult male albino rats were used, they were randomly placed into 5 groups (A, B, C, D and E) each group containing 4 rats groups A, B, C, and D were administered, via oral intubation, the extract at doses of 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively of the extract for 7 consecutive days. Phytochemical screening shows that the extract was rich in tannins anthraquinones, and flavonoid while alkaloids, saponins, terpenes and glycoside were slightly present. There was a decrease in the average body weight, physical activities, and feed and water intake of the rats in the test groups relative to the control hemoglobin concentrate, total white blood cell and packed cell volume recorded in the groups  administered the extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in the control this effect on  the haemotological parameters was found to be dose dependent. The findings of this study suggest that the aqueous extract of the fruit plants may be useful in control and treatment of blood related disorders.  These useful applications may be as a result of the phytochemical present in the extract.

Bioavailability of bioactive compounds of guava leaves ( Psidium Guajava ) aqueous extract concentrated by gravitational and microwave‐assisted cryoconcentration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Rezzadori ◽  
Giordana Demaman Arend ◽  
Henrique Jaster ◽  
Elixabet Díaz‐de‐Cerio ◽  
Vito Verardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Guava Leaves

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of GUAVA, Psidium guajava Linnaeus, leaf extracts on diarrhea-causing enteric bacteria isolated from Seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller)

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia A. Gonçalves ◽  
Manoel Andrade Neto ◽  
José N. S. Bezerra ◽  
Andrew Macrae ◽  
Oscarina Viana de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Guava Leaf

Guava leaf tea of Psidium guajava Linnaeus is commonly used as a medicine against gastroenteritis and child diarrhea by those who cannot afford or do not have access to antibiotics. This study screened the antimicrobial effect of essential oils and methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate extracts from guava leaves. The extracts were tested against diarrhea-causing bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Strains that were screened included isolates from seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller) and laboratory-type strains. Of the bacteria tested, Staphylococcus aureus strains were most inhibited by the extracts. The methanol extract showed greatest bacterial inhibition. No statistically significant differences were observed between the tested extract concentrations and their effect. The essential oil extract showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus and Salmonella spp. The strains isolated from the shrimp showed some resistance to commercially available antibiotics. These data support the use of guava leaf-made medicines in diarrhea cases where access to commercial antibiotics is restricted. In conclusion, guava leaf extracts and essential oil are very active against S. aureus, thus making up important potential sources of new antimicrobial compounds.

scholarly journals The Potential of Guava Leaf Extract as A Natural Preservation for Fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fish Quality ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Guava Leaf ◽  
Good Medium

Fish is kinds of food that easy to spoil. High protein content in fish makes the food is a good medium for microorganisms. People commonly buy fish for consumption, however, not all fish are consumed at the same time. Fishes were stored in freezer for several days or preserved with additional chemical preservation. The use of organic preservatives have no harm. This paper discussed guava (Psidium guajava L) leave as natural fish preservation. The objectives were to analyze the potency of the leaves as a natural preservation for mackerel fish (Rastrelliger sp.). Fime parameters used to determine the fish quality as follows : gills, eye, texture, odour and mucilage. The treatments were leaf methanolic extract with doses 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%. Data were taken on from 1 to 5 days after storage. The results showed that (i) Fish quality was decline and start to depraved at 2 day storage, especially at control treatment (0% extract). Treatment at doses 60 and 80%, the fish quality were still relatively good over 3 days storage. Even though the fish samples have been starting spoilage, those fishes were still available to be consumed. At the same time, with the other treatment, the fish samples have been spoiled and no more available to be consumed. However, at 5th day of storage, all samples at all treatments were spoiled. Overall results, it can be concluded that extract of guava leaves can be has as fish preservativedosage

scholarly journals Preliminary Phitochemical Analysis Of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) Extract As Antidiarrheal In Calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
I Wayan Sudira ◽  
I Made Merdana ◽  
Suci Nur Qurani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
The West ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Guava Leaf

Guava plants (Psidium guajava L) are fruit plants originating from South America and can thrive in the territory of Indonesia. Now the biggest center for guava cultivation is spread in DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Yogyakarta, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, Sumatra and Kalimantan. In addition to taking the fruit, guava leaves are also used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhea in human and animals. This study aims to identify active compounds in guava leaves. That is a secondary  metabolites with pharmacological effects as anti diarrhea such as flavonoid, alkaloid, tannins and essential oils. The leaves sample used in this study were taken from farmers in the West Denpasar area, Bali. Extraction of guava leaf leaves using 96% ethanol, and phytochemical analysis was carried out to detect the presence of active compounds. The data obtained is presented and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that the ethanol extract of guava leaves contained active compound inclaude steroid/triterpenoid, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. It can be concluded that guava leaf extract contains are potential antidiarrheal

scholarly journals The novel role of resveratrol in attenuating cisplatin induced testicular toxicity in rats.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 2023-2029
Author(s):  
Kumayl Abbas Meghji ◽  
Tariq Feroz Memon ◽  
Ahsan Aslam ◽  
Naila Noor ◽  
Ali Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Toxicity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Objectives: To evaluate the anti-oxidative role of Resveratrol in Cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in Albino Wistar rats. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Settings: Department of Physiology and Postgraduate Laboratory of ISRA University Hyderabad. Period: Six months from March to September 2019. Material & Methods: Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats were distributed equally into; Group-I (Control), Group-II (Cisplatin), Group-III (Cisplatin + Resveratrol). Difference in mean pre and post-experimental body weight was observed while analysis of oxidative markers, semen parameters, and histomorphology was carried out in all three groups. SPSS ver. 22 was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean body weight decreased from 241.7±8.5 gm to 196.50±9.34 gm and from 237±7.4 gm to 210.0 ± 6.50gm in groups II and III respectively. Statistically significant reduction in semen parameters (sperm count, motility and viability) was observed in Group-II compared with Group-C (p<0.05). Oxidative markers were also significantly depleted in Group-II in comparison to Group-C (p<0.05). Histologically, testicular structure was found to be intact in Group-I. Marked changes were observed in testicular histology of Group-II while Group-III displayed less testicular damage. Irregular, regressive and atrophic seminiferous tubules were seen in Group-II. Most seminiferous tubules having normal morphology were observed in Group-III while the number of atrophic and degenerative seminiferous tubules also decreased significantly. Conclusion: Resveratrol therapy is a potent protective regime showing promising results in cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals UJI EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irianto Girik Allo ◽  
Pemsi Mona Wowor ◽  
Henoch Awaloei
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Guava Leaf

Abstract: This research aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of guava leaves on levels of total cholesterol of rat that is induced propylthiouracil. This was an experimental research. The sample used was 15 rats were divided into 5 groups (1 group is consist of 3 rats), namely: 1) positive control, 2) extract dose of 200 mg/kgBB, 3) extract dose of 400 mg/kgBB, 4) extract dose of 800 mg/kgBB and 5) negative control. Group 1 to 4 are given propylthiouracil given for 14 days, then given treatment appropiate with the group. The result show that: 1) the average of total cholesterol levels increased after administration propylthiouracil from 156.34 mg/dL to 247.84 mg/dL, 2) at a dose of 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB and 800 mg/kgBB showed a decline in total cholesterol levels by 32.73%, 58.73% and 47.26%, 3) the positive control decreased total cholesterol levels by 39.46% and 4) total cholesterol levels on negative is unstable (there are up and some are down). The result of this research concluse that: guava leaf extract at dose of 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB and 800 mg kgBB have an effect in lowering total cholesterol of rat had been induced prophylthiouracil. Keywords: guava leaves, total cholesterol.     Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari ekstrak etanol daun jambu biji terhadap kadar kolesterol total tikus wistar yang diinduksi propiltiourasil. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 15 tikus wistar yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok (1 kelompok terdiri dari 3 tikus wistar), yaitu: 1) kontrol positif, 2) ekstrak dosis 200 mg/kgBB, 3) ekstrak dosis 400 mg/kgBB, 4) ekstrak dosis 800 mg/kgBB dan 5) kontrol negatif. Kelompok 1 sampai 4 diberikan propiltiourasil selama 14 hari, kemudian diberikan perlakuan sesuai kelompoknya. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh: 1) rata-rata kadar kolesterol total meningkat setelah pemberian propiltiourasil yaitu dari 156,34 mg/dL menjadi 247,84 mg/dL, 2) pada dosis 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB dan 800 mg/kgBB menunjukkan terjadi penurunan kadar kolesterol total sebesar 32,73%, 58,73% dan 47,26%, 3) pada kontrol positif terjadi penurunan kadar kolesterol total sebesar 39,46% dan 4) kadar kolesterol total pada kelompok negatif tidak stabil (ada yang naik dan ada yang turun). Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun jambu biji pada dosis 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB dan 800 mg/kgBB mempunyai efek dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol total tikus wistar yang telah diinduksi propiltiourasil. Kata kunci: daun jambu biji, kadar kolesterol total.

scholarly journals A Study on Bioadsorption of Synthetic Dye Using Guava (Psidium guajava) Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Manasee Vichare ◽  
Prashant Masali
Keyword(s):  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Coomassie Brilliant Blue ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Blue Solution ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Guava Leaf ◽  
Coomassie Brilliant

Guava (Psidium guajava, white Indian) is common fruit bearing plant found throughout the Indian peninsula. It is said to be native to Mexico and Southern America and now can be found in many of the Asian countries. It is grown in tropical and sub-tropical region around the world. Guava leaves have shown many properties like antibacterial, bioadsorbent, etc. The bioadsorbent property can be exploited to remove coloured residues from water bodies. Problems like water pollution have arisen due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Various harmful dyes like Coomassie brilliant blue, used in both textile industries and laboratories, are expelled into water bodies. To reduce the effects of such dye on ecology the research was carried out using guava leaves as bioadsorbent. That being the case the Coomassie brilliant blue solution at different pH was treated with guava leaf powder and the decrease in absorbance was noted at 625 nm. The Guava leaves were obtained from Mumbai suburban. The leaves were dried and powdered for further testing as bioadsorbent. All the chemicals have been used were of analytical grade. The study showed high absorption rate in acidic medium as the colour changed from dark blue to light blue. The optimum pH for bio-adsorption was found to be 3. As the amount of guava leaf powder increased, the rate of adsorption also increased. Guava leaf powder is effective as a bioadsorption as rate of adsorption increases with increase in guava leaf powder. With further optimization it can become potential source of adsorbent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Aqueous Fruit Extract of Tamarindus indica on Body Weight, Lipid Profile, Some Electrolytes and Urea of Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
I. P. Ekpe ◽  
Dennis Amaechi ◽  
B. N. Yisa ◽  
O. G. Osarhiemen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: The objectives of this research is to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of T. indica on  weight, lipid parameters, some electrolytes and urea of Wistar rats Design & Methods: Twenty-five Male  Adult  rats were grouped into four  consisting of six rats each. Group I served as control group, group II was administered 100mg/kg of the Aqueous extract, group III was administered 150mg/kg of the Aqueous extract, and Group IV was administered 200mg/kg of the Aqueous extract. The administration took place for seven days, and on the eight day, The Animals were sacrificed. The blood samples was collected via cardiac puncture and used for analysis using a visible spectrophotometer. Results: From the result, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in body weight of Wistar rats. In the Test Groups; Serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very Low-density Lipoprotein and Triglycerides revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) compared to Group 1 which is the control Group but had a significant decrease (p<0.05) compared within test groups. For electrolytes concentrations, potassium, Sodium, Chloride and Urea concentrations was significant at p<0.05. Conclusion: the results above ,T. indica extract may help to maintain healthy weight, may have hypolipidemic properties, may help in body homeostatic and fluid balance and may also prevent renal damages. 

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