scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Remediation to Mitigate the Toxic Effects of Emerging Contaminant Diclofenac

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6089-6094
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drug ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Balance Of Nature ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutant

Diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug has turned into an anthropogenic pollutant of emerging concern. Chronic exposure to DCF not only draws special attention to health issues for aquatic organisms, arthropods, and higher plants but also leads to serious damage to human beings. Its persistence in the ecosystem and synergistic interactions with existing pollutants may lead to proliferation of newly emerging contaminants which further disrupt the balance of nature. This comprehensive review highlights the toxicity effects of DCF and its metabolites. To counter this critical environmental imbalance, bioremediation is exploited for effective environmental clean-up. It is a fast, simple, cost effective and eco –friendly approach that explores microbial communities for mitigating the harmful effects of such toxic contaminants to control the levels of pollution. The practice of bioremediation approach using beneficial microorganisms in DCF degradation is important as it generates less hazardous compounds by maintaining the environment stability. Microorganisms adapt in the extreme conditions to transform DCF into innocuous intermediate metabolic products. These beneficial bioremediators can be used in the biological treatment of waste water thereby providing cleaner water resources to reduce the levels of water pollution, which is a great concern worldwide

scholarly journals Gadolinium as an Emerging Microcontaminant in Water Resources: Threats and Opportunities

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooria Ebrahimi ◽  
Maurizio Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

As a result of high doses of paramagnetic gadolinium (Gd) chelates administered in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams, their unmetabolized excretion, and insufficient removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), large amounts of anthropogenic Gd (Gdanth) are released into surface water. The upward trend of gadolinium-based contrast agent (Gd-CA) administrations is expected to continue growing and consequently higher and higher anthropogenic Gd concentrations are annually recorded in water resources, which can pose a great threat to aquatic organisms and human beings. In addition, the feasibility of Gd retention in patients administered with Gd-CAs repeatedly, and even potentially fatal diseases, including nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), due to trace amounts of Gd have recently arisen severe health concerns. Thus, there is a need to investigate probable adverse health effects of currently marketed Gd-CAs meticulously and to modify the actual approach in using Gd contrast media in daily practice in order to minimize unknown possible health risks. Furthermore, the employment of enhanced wastewater treatment processes that are capable of removing the stable contrast agents, and the evaluation of the ecotoxicity of Gd chelates and human exposure to these emerging contaminants through dermal and ingestion pathways deserve more attention. On the other hand, point source releases of anthropogenic Gd into the aquatic environment presents the opportunity to assess surface water—groundwater interactions and trace the fate of wastewater plume as a proxy for the potential presence of other microcontaminants associated with treated wastewater in freshwater and marine systems.

scholarly journals Thirty Years of Human Rights Study in the Web of Science Database (1990–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2131
Author(s):  
Priscilla Paola Severo ◽  
Leonardo B. Furstenau ◽  
Michele Kremer Sott ◽  
Danielli Cossul ◽  
Mariluza Sott Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
The Web

The study of human rights (HR) is vital in order to enhance the development of human beings, but this field of study still needs to be better depicted and understood because violations of its core principles still frequently occur worldwide. In this study, our goal was to perform a bibliometric performance and network analysis (BPNA) to investigate the strategic themes, thematic evolution structure, and trends of HR found in the Web of Science (WoS) database from 1990 to June 2020. To do this, we included 25,542 articles in the SciMAT software for bibliometric analysis. The strategic diagram produced shows 23 themes, 12 of which are motor themes, the most important of which are discussed in this article. The thematic evolution structure presented the 21 most relevant themes of the 2011–2020 period. Our findings show that HR research is directly related to health issues, such as mental health, HIV, and reproductive health. We believe that the presented results and HR panorama presented have the potential to be used as a basis on which researchers in future works may enhance their decision making related to this field of study.

scholarly journals Overexpression of OsABCG48 Lowers Cadmium in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Xingzhe Cai ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yucong Jiang ◽  
Changhu Wang ◽  
David W. Ow
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette Transporter ◽  
Cost Effective Approach

Cadmium pollution threatens food safety and security by causing health issues and reducing farmland availability. Engineering genetic changes in crop plants to lower Cd accumulation can be a cost-effective approach to address this problem. Previously, we reported that a rice line, 2B, which expresses a truncated version of OsO3L2 had reduced Cd accumulation throughout the plant, including in seed. However, downstream events caused by expression of this gene were not known. In this study, RNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed genes between the wild type and 2B rice with or without Cd treatment, leading to the study of an ABC transporter gene, OsABCG48 (ATP-Binding Cassette transporter G family member 48). Heterologous expression of OsABCG48 conferred tolerance to Cd in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Arabidopsis and rice. Moreover, overexpressing OsABCG48 in rice lowered root Cd accumulation that was associated with more extensive lateral root development. These data suggest that OsABCG48 might have applications for engineering low-Cd rice.

Study of Mental Disorder Prediction Model approaches its issues and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 831-840
Author(s):  
Avani S Bhuva ◽  
◽  
Dr. Dhirendra Mishra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prediction Systems ◽  
Voice Modulation ◽  
Society Today

Mental disorder is becoming one of the major health issues in society today. (WHO) depression will be the leading mental disorder all over the world by 2030. The timely prediction of such disorders is very essential for maintaining the health of human beings. These mental disorders are associated with different symptoms, some of these symptoms are visible in the form of facial expressions, gestures, change in voice modulation, etc. and some of them even cannot be noticed by naked eyes. Therefore, it is highly important to collect appropriate verbal and non-verbal symptom details about any individual along with using best-suited algorithms for accurate prediction using information technology. This paper explores different types of such symptoms associated with different types of mental disorders, their causes, and existing prediction-based solutions. The paper further presents the critical analysis of these aspects and proposes usages of biometrics-based traits for building better prediction systems for mental disorders.

scholarly journals A SHORT REVIEW: REMOVAL OF FLUORIDE IONS FROM GROUND WATER BY USING VARIOUS TECHNIQUES

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4RAST) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Prins Satish Jain ◽  
S.B. Benaka Prasad ◽  
A.V. Raghu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fluoride Ions

Fluoride is an acute toxin, with a rating slightly higher than lead and is present in ground water naturally or artificially. Groundwater in India displays the presence of harmful quantities of fluoride. Fluorspar is main constituent of sand. Under the ground in presence of water when this mineral gets appropriate condition for dissolution, it gets dissolve in water and fluoride ion’s get separated from sand. The presence of fluoride causes many health issues to human beings. To reduce these health problems, there is a need to remove fluoride ions from water. This article is brief on different techniques for the removal of fluoride from water.

scholarly journals Development of Daphnia magna under exposure to the xenobiotic octylphenol

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Thanh Son Dao ◽  
Thi My Chi Vo ◽  
Hong Lan Chi Do ◽  
Phuoc Dan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ecological Health ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Significant Mortality

Xenobiotics are of human and environmental concerns due to their potential toxicity. Octylphenol is one of the very common and daily used xenobiotics in door and out door activities of human beings. Toxicity of octylphenol to aquatic organisms, especially to zooplankton (e.g. Daphnia magna) was investigated but not fully understood. In this study we evaluated the chronic effects of octylphenol at the concentrations of 5, 50 and 500 µg L-1 on Daphnia magna over a period of 14 days. The results showed that low concentration of octylphenol (5 µg L-1) stimulated the maturation while high concentrations of the chemical (50 and 500 µg L-1) caused a significant mortality to the Daphnia. Besides, all the tested concentrations of octylphenol had serious impacts on fecundity and growth of the animals. Investigations on the presence, distribution, fate and toxicity of xonobiotics including octylphenol in the developing country environment are suggested for human, environmental and ecological health protection. Những hợp chất tổng hợp đang là mối quan ngại cho con người và môi trường vì khả năng gây độc của chúng. Octylphenol là một trong những hợp chất tổng hợp được sử dụng phổ biến và thường xuyên trong những hoạt động của con người trong nhà và ngoài trời. Độc tính của octylphenol đối với thủy sinh vật, đặc biệt đối với động vật phù du (vd. Daphnia magna) mặc dù đã được nghiên cứu nhưng vẫn chưa được hiểu biết đầy đủ. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đánh giá ảnh hưởng mãn tính của octylphenol ở các nồng độ 5, 50 và 500 µg/lít lên Daphnia magna trong thời gian 14 ngày. Kết quả cho thấy ở nồng độ octylphenol thấp (5 µg/lít) kích thích sự thành thục của sinh vật trong khi ở nồng độ cao hơn (50 và 500 µg/lít) gây chết đáng kể Daphnia. Bên cạnh đó, tất cả các nồng độ ocytlphenol dùng trong thí nghiệm gây ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng lên sức sinh sản và sinh trưởng của sinh vật. Nghiên cứu về sự hiện diện, phân bố, phát tán và độc tính của những chất tổng hợp bao gồm octylphenol ở các nước đang phát triển nên được tiến hành vì mục tiêu bảo vệ sức khỏe con người, môi trường và hệ sinh thái.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of two organic UV-Filters by single bacteria strains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentina Laura Chiriac ◽  
Catalina Stoica ◽  
Iuiana Paun ◽  
Florinela Pirvu ◽  
Toma Galaon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Salmonella Thyphimurium ◽  
Organic Uv Filters

Abstract Organic UV-filters, including 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-HBP) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), are persistent emerging contaminants whose presence in the environment poses a threat to aquatic organisms due to their endocrine disruptor’s properties. For this reason, finding suitable technological processes for their safety and efficient removal from the environment represent a priority for the scientific community. To the author’s knowledge, until now, there are no studies reporting the biodegradation of 4-HBP and BP-1 by a single bacteria strain. In this paper, there were tested the 4-HBP and BP-1 biodegradation potential of two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and two Gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia rubidae). The 4-HPB biodegradation process was observed only in the presence of Gram-negative bacterial strains. Thus, the biodegradation rates of 4-HBP reached up to 12.7% after 24h of incubation in presence of Salmonella thyphimurium and up to 24.0% after 24h of incubation with Serratia rubidae. Staphylococcus aureus was able to biodegrade 26.7% of BP-1, while Salmonella thiphymurium was able to biodegrade 14.7% of BP-1 after 24h of incubation. Their biodegradation products generated during the 4-HBP biodegradation process by Serratia rubidae were analyzed through LC-MS/MS analysis. The (bio)degradation products were benzophenone and a multi-hydroxylated derivative of 4-HBP and the degradation pathways were proposed. The data obtained in this study gave important information regarding the 4-HBP and BP-1 potential biodegradation by single bacterial strains.

scholarly journals Polystyrene nanoplastics disrupt glucose metabolism and cortisol levels with a possible link to behavioural changes in larval zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja R. Brun ◽  
Patrick van Hage ◽  
Ellard R. Hunting ◽  
Anna-Pavlina G. Haramis ◽  
Suzanne C. Vink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Glucose Homoeostasis

Abstract Plastic nanoparticles originating from weathering plastic waste are emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, with unknown modes of action in aquatic organisms. Recent studies suggest that internalised nanoplastics may disrupt processes related to energy metabolism. Such disruption can be crucial for organisms during development and may ultimately lead to changes in behaviour. Here, we investigated the link between polystyrene nanoplastic (PSNP)-induced signalling events and behavioural changes. Larval zebrafish exhibited PSNP accumulation in the pancreas, which coincided with a decreased glucose level. By using hyperglycemic and glucocorticoid receptor (Gr) mutant larvae, we demonstrate that the PSNP-induced disruption in glucose homoeostasis coincided with increased cortisol secretion and hyperactivity in challenge phases. Our work sheds new light on a potential mechanism underlying nanoplastics toxicity in fish, suggesting that the adverse effect of PSNPs are at least in part mediated by Gr activation in response to disrupted glucose homeostasis, ultimately leading to aberrant locomotor activity.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanofibers in Pure Form and in Calcium Alginate Composites Films: New Cost-Effective Antibacterial Biomaterials against the Life-Threatening Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Salesa ◽  
Miguel Martí ◽  
Belén Frígols ◽  
Ángel Serrano-Aroca
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings

Due to the current global health problem of antibiotic resistant recently announced by the World Health Organization, there is an urgent necessity of looking for new alternative antibacterial materials able to treat and impede multidrug-resistant infections which are cost-effective and non-toxic for human beings. In this regard, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) possess currently much lower cost than other carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, and exhibit excellent chemical, mechanical and electric properties. Furthermore, here, the first report on the antibacterial activity of CNFs was demonstrated. Thus, these nanomaterials, in pure form or incorporated in a minuscule amount into calcium alginate composite films to reduce production costs as much as possible, showed to be new weapons against a globally spreading multidrug-resistant pathogen, the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). This Gram-positive bacterium is becoming one of the most dangerous pathogens, due to its abundance on skin. In this study, these hollow filamentous materials, in direct contact with cells and loaded in the low-cost calcium alginate composite films, showed no cytotoxicity for human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, which render them very promising for biomedical applications. The CNFs used in this work were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and observed by high-resolution transmission electron with energy-disperse X-ray spectroscopy.

scholarly journals From nanoobject release of (Bio)nanomaterials to exposure

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Fissan ◽  
Hans-Georg Horn ◽  
Burkhard Stahlmecke ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Nanostructured Material ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Exposure Pathways ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAn increasing variety of different nanostructured materials including bionanomaterials are used. During synthesis, but also during use of nanostructured materials along their life-cycle, nanostructured materials and engineered nano-objects (ENO) – may be released into the environment. They will follow different exposure pathways and create an exposure concentration at the point of different biological systems, especially human beings. The inhalation pathway is of greatest importance with regard to health issues. The exposure concentration together with the breathing conditions integrated over time leads to the dose of the deposited material, which is of greatest interest for different effect studies. We discuss in this paper the kind of nanostructured material released from bionanomaterials into the environment. A large part of existing exposure studies in the literature is critically considered. A strategy is proposed to investigate in a more effective way the ENO-release from nanostructured materials as the first step of the exposure pathway. The release – exposure relationship as well as exposure – dose relationship for the case of inhalation is described leading to the possibility of tracing and ideally a complete balancing from ENO-release to dose. In the end the still needed activities for ENO-control methods in the environment are summarized.

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