The influence of vaginal ovules on vaginal microbiome and vulvovaginitis

Vaginal microbiome is submitted to permanent changes accordingly to age, menopausal status or association of different pathological conditions such as inflammation or mucosal atrophy. The presence of these modifications is usually associated with local development of infectious, inflammatory or atrophic vulvovaginitis. These represent the most commonly complaints which affect women at all ages. Therefore, attention was focused on creating a topic product which is able to control the local process and to alleviate the symptoms. The aim of the current paper is to analyze the physiology, physiopathology and therapeutic strategies in such cases with special focus on Cerviron, a product which seems to provide multiple therapeutic benefits in such cases.

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DESIGN OF A EUROPEAN SURVEY ON THE PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PAEDIATRIC HEART FAILURE

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2015-310148.67 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. e1.64-e1

Author(s):

Cristina Castro Díez ◽

Feras Khalil ◽

Michiel Dalinghaus ◽

Marijke van der Meulen ◽

Saskia de Wildt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Drug Therapy ◽

Survey Design ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Special Focus ◽

The European Union ◽

Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽

Pharmacological Management ◽

Survey Tool ◽

Paediatric Cardiology

BackgroundLittle evidence is presently available to help clinicians guide decisions when tackling the pharmacological management of paediatric heart failure (HF). As a consequence, therapeutic strategies are largely supported by adults' data extrapolation and own expertise. The variability in drug treatment routines across Europe is expected to be high. Nevertheless, there are no epidemiological data that describe the current situation.AimTo develop a survey in the context of the LENA project to characterise the different therapeutic strategies for the management of paediatric HF that are currently practiced across Europe with special focus in the use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-I).MethodsItems to be included in the survey were selected through a thorough literature review and expert group discussions. European hospitals providing paediatric cardiology care were identified using websites of European and national paediatric cardiology associations as well as the ones of congresses and conferences related to the field. Standard recommendations for survey design were followed. The study protocol was approved by a data protection officer and an ethics committee. Web-survey tool EvaSys® was used. The survey was pre- and pilot-tested by a group of experts. A statistical analysis plan for the later processing and analysis of the data to be obtained was elaborated.ResultsA Europe-wide web-based survey was started in January 2015. 203 clinicians were invited via e-mail to participate. The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions addressing different aspects of drug therapy for HF in children. Use patterns of ACE-I (dosage by age group, effectiveness and toxicity assessment, use according to HF aetiology) and drug therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy where explored. Participants' demographic characteristics were also asked.ConclusionsThe procedure followed for the survey development should assure the quality of the tool. The results of this survey will provide an overview of the clinical treatment routine of paediatric heart failure across Europe.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n°602295 (LENA).The following authors will also be included in the later poster: Ingrid Klingmann (PHARMAPLEX BVBA, Germany), András Szatmári (GOTTSEGEN GYORGY ORSZAGOS KARDIOLOGIAI INTEZET, Hungary), László Ablonczy (GOTTSEGEN GYORGY ORSZAGOS KARDIOLOGIAI INTEZET, Hungary), Holger Schwender (HEINRICH-HEINE-UNIVERSITÄT DÜSSELDORF, GERMANY)

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Scaffold biomaterials and nano-based therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration

Nanomedicine ◽

10.2217/nnm-2021-0224 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Franco Tacchi ◽

Josué Orozco-Aguilar ◽

Danae Gutiérrez ◽

Felipe Simon ◽

Javier Salazar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Regeneration ◽

Genetic Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽

Cell Printing ◽

Strength Recovery ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Therapeutic Alternatives ◽

Hybrid Biomaterials

Skeletal muscle is integral to the functioning of the human body. Several pathological conditions, such as trauma (primary lesion) or genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), can affect and impair its functions or exceed its regeneration capacity. Tissue engineering (TE) based on natural, synthetic and hybrid biomaterials provides a robust platform for developing scaffolds that promote skeletal muscle regeneration, strength recovery, vascularization and innervation. Recent 3D-cell printing technology and the use of nanocarriers for the release of drugs, peptides and antisense oligonucleotides support unique therapeutic alternatives. Here, the authors present recent advances in scaffold biomaterials and nano-based therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration and perspectives for future endeavors.

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Mitochondrial–Endoplasmic Reticulum Interplay: A Lifelong On–Off Relationship?

Contact ◽

10.1177/2515256419861227 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 251525641986122 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski ◽

Roland M. Malli ◽

Wolfgang F. Graier

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Adenosine Triphosphate ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Mitochondrial Activity ◽

Β Cells ◽

Pancreatic Β Cells ◽

Potential Target ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Elevated Glucose ◽

Stimulation Of

This article comments recent publications that highlight an intriguing importance of specific settings in the interaction between the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum to ensure cell-specific functions like the responsiveness to elevated glucose in pancreatic β-cells. Hence, alterations of the mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum communications under various pathological conditions like aging or cancer often come with enhanced Ca2+ transfer that, in turn, yields stimulation of basal mitochondrial activity to meet the increasing adenosine triphosphate demand of the very cell. Such observations identify mitochondria-associated membranes as potential target for new therapeutic strategies against aging or cancer.

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Extracellular Vesicles as Biological Shuttles for Targeted Therapies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20081848 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 1848 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Stefania Raimondo ◽

Gianluca Giavaresi ◽

Aurelio Lorico ◽

Riccardo Alessandro

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Target Cells ◽

Special Focus ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

And Function ◽

Potential Use

The development of effective nanosystems for drug delivery represents a key challenge for the improvement of most current anticancer therapies. Recent progress in the understanding of structure and function of extracellular vesicles (EVs)—specialized membrane-bound nanocarriers for intercellular communication—suggests that they might also serve as optimal delivery systems of therapeutics. In addition to carrying proteins, lipids, DNA and different forms of RNAs, EVs can be engineered to deliver specific bioactive molecules to target cells. Exploitation of their molecular composition and physical properties, together with improvement in bio-techniques to modify their content are critical issues to target them to specific cells/tissues/organs. Here, we will discuss the current developments in the field of animal and plant-derived EVs toward their potential use for delivery of therapeutic agents in different pathological conditions, with a special focus on cancer.

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Approaches to Manipulate Ephrin-A:EphA Forward Signaling Pathway

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph13070140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

Sarah Baudet ◽

Johann Bécret ◽

Xavier Nicol

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Signaling Cascade ◽

Molecular Tools ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Key Players ◽

Direct Targeting ◽

Stem Cell Niches

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma A (EphA) receptors and their ephrin-A ligands are key players of developmental events shaping the mature organism. Their expression is mostly restricted to stem cell niches in adults but is reactivated in pathological conditions including lesions in the heart, lung, or nervous system. They are also often misregulated in tumors. A wide range of molecular tools enabling the manipulation of the ephrin-A:EphA system are available, ranging from small molecules to peptides and genetically-encoded strategies. Their mechanism is either direct, targeting EphA receptors, or indirect through the modification of intracellular downstream pathways. Approaches enabling manipulation of ephrin-A:EphA forward signaling for the dissection of its signaling cascade, the investigation of its physiological roles or the development of therapeutic strategies are summarized here.

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Dietary Melatonin Supplementation Could Be a Promising Preventing/Therapeutic Approach for a Variety of Liver Diseases

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10091135 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1135 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Francesca Bonomini ◽

Elisa Borsani ◽

Gaia Favero ◽

Luigi Rodella ◽

Rita Rezzani

Keyword(s):

Liver Diseases ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Positive Effect ◽

And Oxidative Stress

In the therapeutic strategies, the role of diet is a well-established factor that can also have an important role in liver diseases. Melatonin, identified in animals, has many antioxidant properties and it was after discovered also in plants, named phytomelatonin. These substances have a positive effect during aging and in pathological conditions too. In particular, it is important to underline that the amount of melatonin produced by pineal gland in human decreases during lifetime and its reduction in blood could be related to pathological conditions in which mitochondria and oxidative stress play a pivotal role. Moreover, it has been indicated that melatonin/phytomelatonin containing foods may provide dietary melatonin, so their ingestion through balanced diets could be sufficient to confer health benefits. In this review, the classification of liver diseases and an overview of the most important aspects of melatonin/phytomelatonin, concerning the differences among their synthesis, their presence in foods and their role in health and diseases, are summarized. The findings suggest that melatonin/phytomelatonin supplementation with diet should be considered important in preventing different disease settings, in particular in liver. Currently, more studies are needed to strengthen the potential beneficial effects of melatonin/phytomelatonin in liver diseases and to better clarify the molecular mechanisms of action.

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Chronic pancreatitis in children: between gastroenterologist and surgeon

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology ◽

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-184-12-84-95 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 84-95

Author(s):

B. O. Kulevich ◽

A. Yu. Razumovsky ◽

A. N. Smirnov ◽

V. V. Kholostova ◽

A. I. Khavkin

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Chronic Pancreatitis ◽

Literature Review ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Digestive Process ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Wide Range

The pancreas is an organ that plays a key role in the digestive process, preparing food ingredients such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates for adequate absorption in the small intestine. Today, a wide range of pathological conditions is known in which the tissue of the pancreas is affected and its functions are lost. The literature review examined various diseases that phenotypically manifest as pancreatitis, as well as various diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

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Melanoma Immunotherapy and Precision Medicine in the Era of Tumor Micro-Tissue Engineering: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Going?

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13225788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 5788

Author(s):

Francesca Varrone ◽

Luigi Mandrich ◽

Emilia Caputo

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Cellular Component ◽

Poor Survival ◽

Structural Context ◽

Therapeutic Benefits ◽

Clinical Benefits

Malignant melanoma still remains a cancer with very poor survival rates, although it is at the forefront of personalized medicine. Most patients show partial responses and disease progressed due to adaptative resistance mechanisms, preventing long-lasting clinical benefits to the current treatments. The response to therapies can be shaped by not only taking into account cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity, but also by its structural context as well as the cellular component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we review the recent development in the field of immunotherapy and target-based therapy and how, in the era of tumor micro-tissue engineering, ex-vivo assays could help to enhance our melanoma biology knowledge in its complexity, translating it in the development of successful therapeutic strategies, as well as in the prediction of therapeutic benefits.

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Role of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in Central Nervous System Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222413427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (24) ◽

pp. 13427

Author(s):

Ivan Emmanuel Ramos-Martínez ◽

María Carmen Rodríguez ◽

Marco Cerbón ◽

Juan Carlos Ramos-Martínez ◽

Edgar Gustavo Ramos-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Chemical Stimulation ◽

Nervous System Diseases ◽

Central Nervous System Diseases ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Bidirectional Communication ◽

Anti Inflammatory

In several central nervous system diseases, it has been reported that inflammation may be related to the etiologic process, therefore, therapeutic strategies are being implemented to control inflammation. As the nervous system and the immune system maintain close bidirectional communication in physiological and pathological conditions, the modulation of inflammation through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex has been proposed. In this review, we summarized the evidence supporting chemical stimulation with cholinergic agonists and vagus nerve stimulation as therapeutic strategies in the treatment of various central nervous system pathologies, and their effect on inflammation.

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Implications of Oxidative and Nitrosative Post-Translational Modifications in Therapeutic Strategies against Reperfusion Damage

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10050749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 749

Author(s):

Mabel Buelna-Chontal ◽

Wylly R. García-Niño ◽

Alejandro Silva-Palacios ◽

Cristina Enríquez-Cortina ◽

Cecilia Zazueta

Keyword(s):

Redox Reactions ◽

Nitrosative Stress ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Post Translational Modifications ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Reperfusion Damage ◽

Modified Proteins ◽

Protective Signaling ◽

The Impact

Post-translational modifications based on redox reactions “switch on-off” the biological activity of different downstream targets, modifying a myriad of processes and providing an efficient mechanism for signaling regulation in physiological and pathological conditions. Such modifications depend on the generation of redox components, such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Therefore, as the oxidative or nitrosative milieu prevailing in the reperfused heart is determinant for protective signaling, in this review we defined the impact of redox-based post-translational modifications resulting from either oxidative/nitrosative signaling or oxidative/nitrosative stress that occurs during reperfusion damage. The role that cardioprotective conditioning strategies have had to establish that such changes occur at different subcellular levels, particularly in mitochondria, is also presented. Another section is devoted to the possible mechanism of signal delivering of modified proteins. Finally, we discuss the possible efficacy of redox-based therapeutic strategies against reperfusion damage.

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