Platelet Index in Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease  2019 Cases

BACKGROUND: Changes found on hematological examination are a helpful modality for assessing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, platelet index is a parameter that can help in assessing the COVID-19 disease prognosis. AIM: Objective of the study is to determine the difference in platelet index in nucleid acid amplification test (NAAT) confirmed COVID-19 patients, suspected COVID-19 with negative NAAT results, and non-COVID-19 controls. METHODS: This is an analytical observational study with 96 subjects; 48 subjects with confirmed COVID-19, 23 subjects suspected COVID-19 with negative NAAT results, and 24 non-COVID-19 control subjects. First, NAAT examination was carried out using the GeneXpert tool with the target genes of the E and N2 genes. Then, the platelet index was compared between the three groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the number of platelet (PLT), mean PLT volume (MPV), and PLT crit (PCT) between the three groups with p = 0.732, 0.741 and 0.483, respectively. In general, the number of PLT, MPV, and PCT in the three groups was within the normal reference value. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences observed in the number of PLT, MPV, and PCT between COVID-19 patients with positive NAAT, COVID-19 suspects with negative NAAT, and non-COVID-19 controls. Therefore, detecting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus by NAAT examination in COVID-19 patients has not altered the PLT index changes.

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PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SEDIAAN SALEP DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BASIS PEG 4000 dan PEG 400

Journal of Herbal, Clinical and Pharmaceutical Science (HERCLIPS) ◽

10.30587/herclips.v2i02.2394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Tri Puji Lestari

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Homogeneity Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Peg 400 ◽

Cell Tissue ◽

Peg 4000 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ointment Formulation ◽

The Difference ◽

One Way Anova

ABSTRAK Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L) memiliki kandungan tanin dan flavonoid. Kandungan Flavonoid dan Tanin yang terdapat dalam belimbing wuluh mampu memberikan efek untuk menyembuhkan kulit yang mengalami kerusakan jaringan sel akibat luka bakar. Ada beberapa cara untuk pemanfaatan Daun Belimbing Wuluh antara lain dengan dibuat dalam sediaan salep. Pada penelitian ini salep dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh sebesar 10%, 15%, dan 20% mengguankan basis PEG 4000 dan PEG 400. Ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh diperoleh menggunakan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 70% sebagai pelarutnya. Salep yang sudah dibuat kemudian dilakukan uji karakteristik meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, daya lekat dan uji daya sebar. Hasil uji organoleptis dan homogenitas di analisa secara deskrisptif kemudian hasil uji daya lekat dan uji daya sebar di analisa dengan menggunakan analisa statistik one-way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa salep berbentuk semipadat dengan warna hijau muda sampai hijau kehitaman. Hasil uji homogenitas di dapatkan untuk ketiga formula adalah homogen. Nilai daya sebar pada ketiga formula menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan, pada hasil uji daya lekat dan pH didapatkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap ketiga formulasi. Dengan demikian perbedaan konsentrasi zat aktif yang digunakan berpengaruh terhadap daya sebar sediaan salep ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh. Kata kunci: Averrhoa bilimbi L; Salep; PEG ABSTRACT Carambola leaf Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L) contains tannins and flavonoids. The content of flavonoids and tannins contained in starfruit able to give effect to heal skin damaged cell tissue from burns. There were several ways for utilization of Averrhoa bilimbi L. among others, made some preparations, especially ointment formulation. This study aims to formulate leaf extract ointment preparation starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L) with various concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% using the PEG 4000 and PEG 400 as a base. Leaf extract obtained from meserasi leaf Averrhoa bilimbi L with 70% ethanol. The ointment that has been made is then subjected to characteristic tests including organoleptic tests, homogeneity, adhesion and spreadability tests. The results of the organoleptic test and homogeneity were analyzed descriptively, then the results of the adhesion test and the spreadability test were analyzed using one-way ANOVA statistical analysis. The results showed that the ointment was semisolid, light green to blackish green. The homogeneity test results obtained for the three formulas are homogeneous. The value of the spreadability of the three formulas showed a significant difference, the results of the adhesion and pH test showed no significant difference between the three formulations. Thus the difference in the concentration of the active substance used affects the spreadability of the starfruit leaf extract ointment. Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi L; ointment; PEG

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Assessment of Educational Game Materials and Poster Practices with Rubrics by Expert Educators and Students

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v5i13.2855 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (13) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Figen Altay ◽

Kevser Bozkurt

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Educational Games ◽

Educational Game ◽

Test Results ◽

Knowledge Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Scoring Rubrics ◽

Sample Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Poster Presentations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between evaluations of the educational game materials and poster practices by students’ own peers and by expert educators using the rubrics created by expert educators and students together. Study included 10 students and 3 educators attended educational game materials course. Students were informed about basic skills of movement, game, game types, game equipment, analytical rubric, and educational game lectures were given to the students for 6 weeks and 80 minutes each week. 12-question knowledge test was used regarding educational games, analytical scoring rubrics, developing game materials and preparing posters. Materials and posters presented in the course were recorded. Evaluation scales were selected by students and expert teachers. Selected peers and educators evaluated 25 videos. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used for the reliability and repeatability measurements of the students and teachers. R values of 0.96-0.92 were found between students and 0.78-0.86 between educators. For knowledge tests of the groups, according to Wilcoxon paired two-sample test, there was a significant difference in test results (p<.05). The t test was used in the results of the student and educator video evaluations and there was no significant difference between the scores given by the expert educators and the students to the material and poster presentations (p>.05). In conclusion, this study showed that students could make evaluations as good as expert educators when given an answer key such as a scoring rubric that will help them in the evaluation.

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Sleeve Gastrectomy vs. Fundus Resection in Bariatric Surgery (Animal Study)

Shiraz E-Medical Journal ◽

10.5812/semj.95198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Alimohammad Bananzadeh ◽

Seyed Vahid Hosseini ◽

Hajar Khazraei ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Lashkarizadeh ◽

Leila Ghahramani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Test Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Total Ghrelin ◽

The Difference ◽

High Level

Background: Bariatric surgery has resulted in body weight loss, which claimed by surgery removal specific parts of the stomach with enzyme or sleeve gastrectomy. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine weight loss and endocrine changes by 12-week fundus resection and sleeve gastrectomy in rabbits. Methods: Twenty-one rabbits, weighing 2.5 - 3.5 kg, were divided into three groups (n = 7): sleeve gastrectomy, experimental fundus resection, and sham group. The weight of rabbits and total ghrelin and leptin levels in the plasma before and after surgery were measured in 12 weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Walis test for comparison of the means between the groups, and the difference after months in one group was assayed by Friedman test. Results: The results showed sleeve gastrectomy had a significant weight loss after one month when compared to fundus resection and sham-operated controls (P = 0.008). There was no significant difference in the ghrelin levels after these surgeries, but leptin levels decreased significantly after the fundectomy (P = 0.025). Conclusions: Sleeve gastrectomy is more efficient than the fundus resection in weight loss. It could be suggested as a new option in metabolic disorders due to the high level of leptin.

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Wear Comparison of a Plain Toothbrush versus Eleven Commercial Toothbrushes

Open Access Journal of Dental Sciences ◽

10.23880/oajds-16000311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Natasha Fansiwala BS

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Subjective Rating ◽

Test Results ◽

Posterior Teeth ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Manual Toothbrush ◽

The Difference ◽

Subjective Rating Scale ◽

Wear Index

Objective: To compare the wear of the Sound Feelings SOFT Plain Toothbrush 47 tuft (flat bristles) versus eleven manual toothbrushes. Methods: Twelve brand-new manual toothbrushes (n = 35 in each group) were used for comparison. Each toothbrush was run on a toothbrushing simulator with a brushing force of 2N for approximately 2 hours to simulate 1 month of toothbrushing (9,333 strokes @ 45° lingual of posterior teeth, 9,333 strokes on the top surface, and 9,333 strokes @ 45° buccal of posterior teeth), using the Bass technique on a quadrant typodont. Wear was measured by wear index and wear rating. The Wear index measures the degree of bristle splaying whereby the bristles spread apart and take on a permanent curvature. Wear rating is a subjective rating scale consisting of a series of four numbers increasing from zero to three. The Olympus SZX16 microscope was used to measure the wear rating then was inputted into a formula and averaged. The subjective wear seen as bristle splay/ curling was also measured and recorded. Comparison of the wear index and wear rating between each manual toothbrush was conducted using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Wear index and wear rating for all toothbrushes ranged from 0.03 to 0.34 and from 0.57 to 2.06, respectively. There was a significant difference in the wear index between each toothbrush and the Sound Feelings SOFT Plain toothbrush. The difference in the wear rating was significant between the Sound Feelings SOFT Plain toothbrush and all other toothbrushes other than the Reach Advanced Design Soft toothbrush. Conclusion: The Sound Feelings SOFT Plain Toothbrush had the lowest wear rating and index among all the manual toothbrushes tested.

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Critical Bandwidth and Sensitivity Prediction in the Acoustic Stapedial Reflex

Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders ◽

10.1044/jshd.4102.244 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 244-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Daniel M. Schwartz ◽

Jay W. Sanders

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Hearing Impaired ◽

Test Results ◽

Acoustic Reflex ◽

Severe Hearing Loss ◽

Critical Bandwidth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stapedial Reflex ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship

Critical bandwidth measurements and sensitivity prediction from the acoustic reflex (SPAR) test results were obtained on 20 normal-hearing and two groups of 10 hearing-impaired subjects each representing mild-to-moderate and severe hearing loss. Results of critical bandwidth measurements indicated that for center frequencies of 1000 and 2000 Hz the critical bandwidth was significantly greater for the hearing-impaired subjects. A statistical analysis of the difference in critical bandwidth between those predicted by the SPAR test to have a mild-to-moderate hearing loss and those subjects for whom the test predicted severe hearing loss indicated no differences in critical bandwidth at 2000 Hz. A significant difference was found at 1000 Hz but in the wrong direction. Analysis of the relationship between predicted slope of hearing loss and critical bandwidth also failed to show significance. Although the data for hearing-impaired subjects fail to support the rationale for the SPAR test, the results for the entire research sample offer substantial support. Further, the ability of the test to predict categorically degree of hearing loss was also strongly supported.

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Salbutamol nebulization for management of transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN).

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.01.4614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (01) ◽

pp. 52-59

Author(s):

Fatima Maroof ◽

Tehmina Maqbool ◽

Hafiz Muhammad Irfan ◽

Beenish Bashir Mughal ◽

Ayesha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Test Results ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nebulized Salbutamol ◽

The Mean ◽

Randomized Control ◽

The Difference ◽

Trial Setting

Objective: To compare the mean change in respiratory rate with salbutamol nebulization versus placebo for treatment of transient tacyopnea of newborn. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Federal Government Polyclinic (PGMI), Islamabad. Period: 8th August 2017 to 7th February 2018. Material & Methods: 100 neonates fulfilling selection criteria were enrolled in the study. Informed consent was obtained from parents. Demographic information was also noted. All baseline respiratory rate were noted. Neonates were divided into two groups by lottery method. Neonates in Treatment group were nebulized with Salbutamol. Placebo group was nebulized with Normal Saline. Then neonates were followed-up in N.I.C.U after 4 hours of second nebulization. After 4 hours, respiratory rates were assessed and change in respiratory rate was noted. Both groups were compared for mean reduction in respiratory rate by using independent sample t-test. Results: In nebulized salbutamol, group, mean respiratory rate was changed from 79.62±8.18bpm to 52.06±4.96bpm. This was a significant decrease (p<0.05). In placebo group, mean respiratory rate was changed from 81.88±8.86bpm to 62.50±6.75bpm. This was significant decrease (p<0.05). The difference between both groups at baseline was insignificant while after 4 hours was significant. The mean changed in respiratory rate with nebulized salbutamol was 27.56±6.83bpm while with placebo was 19.35±9.83bpm. There was significant difference in mean reduction in respiratory rate (p<0.05). Conclusion: It has been proved that nebulized salbutamol can be helpful in reducing respiratory rate significantly in neonates with TTN as compared to placebo.

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The Basic Motion Learning Model of Small Game Based Throwing in Elementary School

Journal Physical Education Health and Recreation ◽

10.24114/pjkr.v5i2.24175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Gunawan Setiawan ◽

Syamsuramel Syamsuramel ◽

Silvi Aryanti

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Learning Model ◽

Small Scale ◽

Test Results ◽

Small Game ◽

Motion Learning ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Basic Motion

This study aims to develop a small game-based basic motion learning model at Elementary School Number 65 Rejang Lebong. The research method used is research and development (R&D) using ten stages from Borg and Gall. The research instruments used were locomotor, non-locomotor tests, and manipulative basic movement skills tests. The treatment in this study was in the form of a basic motion learning model based on small games given for 4 weeks. The subjects in this study were students in grades 4 and 5 of Elementary School Number 65 Rejang Lebong. Subjects in this study were 30 people. The validation results obtained in small-scale trials regarding the quality of the learning model have entered into the validation criteria filled by the validator with a percentage of 63% and the results of large group trials are declared valid with a percentage of 81.25% which means very feasible. Furthermore, the effectiveness test was carried out using the t-test. In the significance test of the difference using the SPSS tool, the mean value = 0.8666 which shows the difference between the pre-test and post-test results, the results of T-count = 13.730, df = 29, and P-Value = 0.000 <0.05, which means that there are There is a significant difference between before and after being treated with the small game-based learning model of throwing basic motion learning. Where the post-test results have positive results with a significant difference compared to the pre-test results. So that the learning model of the basic motion of throwing based on small games can be used in learning physical education and health in elementary schools. The implication of this research is that the basic motion learning model of throwing based on small games can be used as a form of learning the basic motion of throwing in elementary school children.

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ANALISIS MANFAAT PENERAPAN PIJAT OKSITOSIN DAN EDUKASI DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI 0-6 BULAN

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kesehatan ◽

10.33666/jitk.v10i2.223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Agnes Isti Harjanti ◽

Nella Valen Ika Puspita

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

T Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Breastfeeding Education ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

The Difference ◽

National Analysis ◽

Postpartum Mothers

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang Analisis secara nasional dari Riskesdas 2013 dan Laporan rutin Direktorat Jendral Bina Gizi-KIA Kementrian Kesehatan Cakupan ASI Eksklusif saat ini belum bisa mencapai target pemerintah Indonesia yaitu sebesar 80%. Masalah hambatan dalam pencapaian ASI Eksklusif yaitu tingginya praktik pemberian makanan prelaktal ibu bekerja dan pemberian susu formula bayi, sehingga sangat sedikit bayi yang diberikan ASI eksklusif sampai 6 bulan.TujuanMenganalisis tingkat manfaat pijat, tingkat manfaat edukasi ASI Eksklusif, mendiskripsikan pemberian ASI eksklusif dan membedakan besarnya manfaat penerapan pijat oksitosin dengan edukasi ASI eksklusif pada ibu nifas yang menyusui eksklusif pada bayi di Kelurahan Karangayu Semarang. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan jenis studi corelasional, yang menghubungkan variabel independent dengan variabel dependent yaitu edukasi ASI eksklusif dan pijat oksitosin dengan pelaksanaan pemberian ASI eksklusif dan pijat oksitosin yang benar. Sampel yang digunakan sebesar 40 ibu nifas dengan teknik sampling total sampling.. Hasil Analisis tingkat manfaat pijat oksitosin pada ibu lebih meningkatkan ibu untuk melakukan pijat oksitosin sesuai anjuran sebanyak 50%-57,1%. Dengan hasil uji statistik ada perbedaan yang bermakna yaitu dengan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 7,804 dengan siknifikasnsi P< 0,000. Analisis tingkat manfaat edukasi ASI Eksklusif bahwa edukasi kurang meningkatkan keinginan ibu untuk menyusui eksklusif sebanyak 33,3%-50%. Analisis perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif didapatkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada ibu nifas yang tingkat pengetahuannya baik dan akan memberikan ASI secara ekskusif dengan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 3,199 dengan signifikansi P < 0,000. Diskripsikan pemberian ASI eksklusif masih tergolong rendah sebanyak 47,5%. Perbedaan besarnya manfaat penerapan pijat oksitosin dengan edukasi ASI eksklusif pada ibu nifas yang menyusui eksklusif pada bayi. ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada ibu nifas yang tingkat pengetahuannya baik dan akan memberikan ASI secara ekskusif dengan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 3,199 dengan signifikansi P < 0,000, dan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 5,339 dengan siknifikansi P < 0,000. Perbedaan yang dapat dilihat bahwa ibu nifas yang memberikan ASI Eksklusif cenderung melakukan pijat oksitosin untuk meningkatkan ASInya dibandingkan dengan ibu nifas yang tidak menyusui secara eksklusif mereka juga tidak melakukan pijat oksitosin dengan baik dan benar.Kesimpulan Membedakan besarnya manfaat penerapan pijat oksitosin dengan edukasi ASI eksklusif pada ibu nifas yang menyusui eksklusif pada bayi didapatkan perbedaan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 3,199 dengan signifikansi P < 0,000, dan ada perbedaan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 5,339 dengan siknifikansi P < 0,000. Hasil perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan ASI eksklusif dengan pemberian pijat oksitosin pada ibu nifas terjadi perbedaan yang bermakna yaitu dengan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 7,804 dengan siknifikasnsi P< 0,000. Kata Kunci : ASI Eksklusif, Edukasi, Pijat Oksitosin,Ibu Nifas. ABSTRACT Background National analysis of the 2013 Riskesdas and KIA Ministry of Health's Directorate General of Nutrition Development, Exclusive of breastfeeding Coverage has not been able to achieve the Indonesian government's target of 80%. The problem of obstacles in achieving exclusive breastfeeding is the high practice of prelactal feeding of mothers working and the provision of infant formula milk, so that very few babies are given exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months.Purpose Analyzing the benefits of massage, the level of benefits of exclusive breastfeeding education, describing exclusive breastfeeding and differentiating the benefits of applying oxytocin massage with exclusive breastfeeding education for postpartum mothers who exclusively breastfed infants in Karangayu SemarangMethod This study is a correlational study, which relates the independent variables to the dependent variable, namely exclusive breastfeeding education and oxytocin massage with the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding and correct oxytocin massage. The sample used was 40 postpartum mothers with total sampling technique. Result Analysis of the level of benefits of oxytocin massage on the mother further increased the mother to do oxytocin massage according to the recommendation of 50% -57.1%. With the results of statistical tests there were significant differences with the results of the T-test of 21.877 and 7.804 with a P <0.000. Analiasis of the level of benefits of exclusive breastfeeding education that education does not increase the desire of mothers to exclusively breastfeed as much as 33.3% -50%. Analysis of differences in the level of knowledge with exclusive breastfeeding found that there were significant differences in postpartum mothers whose level of knowledge was good and would give exclusive breastfeeding with the results of T-test of 21.877 and 3.199 with a significance of P <0.000. The description of exclusive breastfeeding is still as low as 47.5%. The difference in the benefits of applying oxytocin massage with exclusive breastfeeding education for postpartum mothers who exclusively breastfed infants. there is a significant difference in postpartum mothers with good knowledge level and exclusive breastfeeding with T-test results of 21.877 and 3.199 with a significance of P <0.000, and T-test results of 21.877 and 5.339 with a significance of P <0.000. The difference can be seen that postpartum mothers who provide exclusive breastfeeding tend to do oxytocin massage to increase their breast milk compared to postpartum women who do not exclusively breastfeed they also do not do oxytocin massage properly and correctly. Conclusion Differentiating the magnitude of the benefits of applying oxytocin massage with exclusive breastfeeding education for postpartum mothers who exclusively breastfed infants found differences in T-test results of 21.877 and 3.199 with a significance of P <0.000, and there were differences in T-test results of 21.877 and 5.339 with a significance of P <0.000. The results of differences in the level of knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding with oxytocin massage on postpartum mothers had a significant difference, with T-test results of 21.877 and 7.804 with P <0.000.Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Education, Oxytocin Massage, Postpartum Mother

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Perbedaan Kadar Malondialdehide dan Tromboksan B2 pada Remaja dengan Dismenore dan Tanpa Dismenore

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v4i3.350 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Berliana Irianti ◽

Ermawati Ermawati ◽

Arni Amir

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Observational Study ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Sample Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Biomedical Laboratory

Abstrak Penyebab dismenore belum semuanya diketahui, ada dugaan peningkatan proses peroksida lipid yang akan mengaktivasi mediator inflamasi pada endometrium yang menimbulkan rasa nyeri haid (dismenore). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan perbedaan kadar malondialdehide dan tromboksan B 2 pada dismenore dan tanpa dismenore. Studi observasional ini menggunakan desain potong lintang komparatif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari dua kelompok yaitu 23 remaja dismenore dan 23 remaja tanpa dismenore dengan waktu penelitian dari Juni sampai Juli 2014. Analisis sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomedik dan Biokimia Universitas Andalas Padang. Pemeriksaan kadartromboksan B 2 menggunakan metode ELISA dan kadar malondialdehide menggunakan metode Asam Thiobarbiturat (TBA). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa rerata kadar malondialdehid pada remaja dengan dismenore yaitu 2,60±0,63 µmol/ml, rerata remaja tanpa dismenore 1,98±0,12 µmol/ml dengan probabilitas p<0,05 (0,000), sedangkan reratakadar Tromboksan B 2 pada remaja dengan dismenore 20,043±9,56 ng/ml, rerata remaja tanpa dismenore 19,222±10,79 ng/ml, dengan probabilitas p>0,05 (0,786). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan rerata kadar malondialdehid pada remaja dengan dismenore dan tanpa dismenore dan tidak terdapatperbedaan signifikan pada kadar tromboksan B 2 pada remaja dengan dismenore dan tanpa dismenore.Kata kunci: remaja, dismenore, malondialdehide, tromboksan B2 Abstract The precise cause of dysmenorrhea is still unclear, there may be increased lipid peroxidation process will activate the inflammatory mediators at endometrium that cause menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea). The objective of this study was to determine the difference of malondialdehyde levels and thromboxane B 2 levels in dysmenorrhea and without dysmenorrhea. It was an observational study with comparative cross-sectional design. The subjects consisted of two groups, they are 23 adolescent with dysmenorrhea and 23 adolescents without dysmenorrhea, done in Juny -July 2014. Sample analysis was conducted in Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Laboratory of Andalas University Padang. The examination of Thromboxane B 2 levels used ELISA and the examination of malondialdehyde levels used a Thiobarbituric acid method. The results showed the mean of malondialdehyde levels in adolescents withdysmenorrhea was 2.60±0.63 µmol/ml, the mean level in adolescent without dysmenorrhea was 1.98±0.12 µmol/ml with probability p<0.05 (0.000), while the mean levels of thromboxane B 2 in adolescents with dysmenorrhea was 20.043±9.56 ng/ml, the mean level in adolescent without dysmenorrhea was 19.222±10.79 ng/ml, with probabilityp>0.05 (0.786). It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the mean of malondialdehyde levels between adolescents with dysmenorrhea and without dysmenorrhea and there is no significant differences in thromboxane B 2 level between adolescents with dysmenorrhea and without dysmenorrheaKeywords: adolescent, dysmenorrhea, malondialdehyde, thromboxane B2

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Pulmonary embolism rule out: positivity and factors affecting the yield of CT angiography

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-137031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (1140) ◽

pp. 594-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tanya Aggarwal ◽

Ali Eskandari ◽

Sarv Priya ◽

Aidan Mullan ◽

Ishan Garg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Pulmonary Angiography ◽

Test Results ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Usa ◽

Male Sex ◽

The Difference ◽

Rule Out

ObjectiveCT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is one of the most commonly ordered CT imaging tests. It is often believed to be overutilised with few recent studies showing a yield of less than 2%. This study aimed to determine the overall positivity rate of CTPA examinations and understand the factors that affect the yield of the CTPA examination.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 2713 patients who received the CTPA exam between 2016 and 2018. Type of study ordered (CTPA chest or CTPA chest with abdomen and pelvis CT), patient location (emergency department (ED), outpatient, inpatient, intensive care unit (ICU)) and patient characteristics—age, sex and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine what factors affect the positivity rate of CT scans for pulmonary embolism (PE).ResultsWith 296 positive test results, the overall CTPA positivity was 10.9%. Male sex was associated with higher CTPA positivity, gender difference was maximum in 18-year to 35-year age group. Overweight and obese patients had significantly higher positivity as compared with BMI<25 (p<0.05). Higher positivity rate was seen in the BMI 25–40 group (11.9%) as compared with BMI>40 (10.1%) (p<0.05). Significant difference (p<0.001) was also found in CTPA examination yield from ICU (15.3%) versus inpatients (other than ICU) (12.4%) versus ED (9.6%), and outpatients (8.5%). The difference in CTPA yield based on the type of CT order (CTPA chest vs CTPA chest with CT abdomen and pelvis), patient’s age and sex was not significant.ConclusionCTPA yield of 10.9% in this study is comparable to acceptable positivity rate for the USA and is higher than recent studies showing positivity of <2%. Patient characteristics like obesity and ICU or inpatient location are associated with higher rate of CT positivity.

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