Exploring the key attributes of former racehorses considered to have the potential for a successful second career in horseball

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S.J. Evans ◽  
J.M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Second Career ◽  
Equestrian Sports ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Second Careers ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Question Survey

The British horseracing industry is committed to safeguarding the welfare of racehorses throughout their racing careers and beyond. Former racehorses who do not retire to a stud career and are suitable for second careers are often retrained to compete in other equestrian sports. Horseball is a growing discipline, which proactively supports retraining of racehorses (RoR) that could offer a suitable second career for former racehorses. This study explored the key attributes that horseball competitors look for in a potential former racehorse to promote a successful career in the sport. Participants voluntarily completed an online, 18 question survey (SurveyMonkey®), distributed through horseball related communication channels (Facebook™, Instagram™ and the British Horseball Association). Horseball competitors were asked (a) what key physical and behavioural characteristics they considered necessary for a successful horseball horse and (b) whether they would consider competing a former racehorse. A total of 45 horseball competitors completed the survey representing a margin of error of ±13% at the 95% confidence interval for the UK horseball population (n=200). Most respondents celebrated former racehorses’ suitability for horseball competition; 73.72% (n=32) had already owned and competed a former Thoroughbred racehorse in horseball and 97.78% (n=44) would consider purchasing and competing one in the future. Former racehorses were recognised to possess key performance attributes: agility, temperament, and speed suitable for a successful second career in competitive horseball. However, injuries that impeded former racehorse performance; lameness and other chronic injuries, were deemed as detrimental to success in competitive horseball. Further work in collaboration with racehorse rehoming stakeholders is required to produce guidelines to identify specific behavioural and physical characteristics which could predict the suitability of former racehorses for successful second careers across equestrian disciplines.

scholarly journals Clinical laboratory tests and five-year incidence of major depressive disorder: a prospective cohort study of 433,890 participants from the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wainberg ◽  
Stefan Kloiber ◽  
Breno Diniz ◽  
Roger S. McIntyre ◽  
Daniel Felsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Uk

AbstractPrevention of major depressive disorder (MDD) is a public health priority. Identifying biomarkers of underlying biological processes that contribute to MDD onset may help address this public health need. This prospective cohort study encompassed 383,131 white British participants from the UK Biobank with no prior history of MDD, with replication in 50,759 participants of other ancestries. Leveraging linked inpatient and primary care records, we computed adjusted odds ratios for 5-year MDD incidence among individuals with values below or above the 95% confidence interval (<2.5th or >97.5th percentile) on each of 57 laboratory measures. Sensitivity analyses were performed across multiple percentile thresholds and in comparison to established reference ranges. We found that indicators of liver dysfunction were associated with increased 5-year MDD incidence (even after correction for alcohol use and body mass index): elevated alanine aminotransferase (AOR = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [1.16, 1.58]), aspartate aminotransferase (AOR = 1.39 [1.19, 1.62]), and gamma glutamyltransferase (AOR = 1.52 [1.31, 1.76]) as well as low albumin (AOR = 1.28 [1.09, 1.50]). Similar observations were made with respect to endocrine dysregulation, specifically low insulin-like growth factor 1 (AOR = 1.34 [1.16, 1.55]), low testosterone among males (AOR = 1.60 [1.27, 2.00]), and elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C; AOR = 1.23 [1.05, 1.43]). Markers of renal impairment (i.e. elevated cystatin C, phosphate, and urea) and indicators of anemia and macrocytosis (i.e. red blood cell enlargement) were also associated with MDD incidence. While some immune markers, like elevated white blood cell and neutrophil count, were associated with MDD (AOR = 1.23 [1.07, 1.42]), others, like elevated C-reactive protein, were not (AOR = 1.04 [0.89, 1.22]). The 30 significant associations validated as a group in the multi-ancestry replication cohort (Wilcoxon p = 0.0005), with a median AOR of 1.235. Importantly, all 30 significant associations with extreme laboratory test results were directionally consistent with an increased MDD risk. In sum, markers of liver and kidney dysfunction, growth hormone and testosterone deficiency, innate immunity, anemia, macrocytosis, and insulin resistance were associated with MDD incidence in a large community-based cohort. Our results support a contributory role of diverse biological processes to MDD onset.

scholarly journals Adjustment of oxygen use by means of pulse oximetry: an important tool for patient safety

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma de Almeida Busch Mendes ◽  
Paola Bruno de Araújo Andreoli ◽  
Leny Vieira Cavalheiro ◽  
Claudia Talerman ◽  
Claudia Laselva
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Margin Of Error

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess patient's level of oxygenation by means of pulse oximetry, avoiding hypoxia (that causes rapid and severe damage), hyperoxia, and waste. Methods: Calculations were made with a 7% margin of error and a 95% confidence interval. Physical therapists were instructed to check pulse oximetry of all patients with prescriptions for physical therapy, observing the scheduled number of procedures. Results: A total of 129 patients were evaluated. Hyperoxia predominated in the sectors in which the patient was constantly monitored and hypoxia in the sectors in which monitoring was not continuous. Conclusions: Professionals involved in patient care must be made aware of the importance of adjusting oxygen use and the risk that non-adjustment represents in terms of quality of care and patient safety.

The First Intermetatarsal Angle in Hallux Valgus: An Analysis of Measurement Reliability and the Error Involved

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 717-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finbarr Condon ◽  
Michael Kaliszer ◽  
Dyanane Conhyea ◽  
Turlough O' Donnell ◽  
Anthony Shaju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Measurement Reliability ◽  
Intermetatarsal Angle ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Improve Reliability

In view of the importance placed on the first intermetatarsal angle in the assessment of surgical intervention in hallux valgus, we assessed the reliability with which one measures this angle. The study involved 10 observers of varying experience measuring the angle using a standard technique on 10 weightbearing AP X-rays of the foot on three separate occasions. The margin of error in measuring the angle was ±3.60° with a 95% confidence interval. Increasing and averaging the number of readings per observer or the readings of a number of observers, reduces the error. Experience doesn't improve reliability. In conclusion, improvement in the reliability of the measurements can be achieved by careful technique, performing the measurements at least twice, and averaging them.

The behavioural responses of farmed red deer to other farmed species within a simulated abattoir environment.

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
P.J. Goddard ◽  
S.M. Abeyesinghe
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Preference Testing ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
The Uk

The farming of red deer (Cervus elaphus) for venison is a small but established part of the UK livestock industry. While slaughtering of deer is undertaken in commercial abattoirs, as yet there are no specific regulations governing the welfare of deer at this time. The behavioural characteristics of deer lead to the supposition that inappropriate pre-slaughter handling may adversely affect their welfare. In particular, exposure to unfamiliar species, as could occur in a multi-species abattoir, may be an area of particular concern: placing groups of unfamiliar animals next to each other has been reported to cause stress in cattle (Duchesne & Perry, 1975). Results of an experiment which investigated the location, orientation and behaviour of deer when penned between pens of unfamiliar species (i.e. modified preference testing) are presented.

scholarly journals Safety netting in routine primary care consultations: an observational study using video-recorded UK consultations

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (689) ◽  
pp. e878-e886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Edwards ◽  
Matthew J Ridd ◽  
Emily Sanderson ◽  
Rebecca K Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Safety Netting

BackgroundSafety-netting advice is information shared with a patient or their carer designed to help them identify the need to seek further medical help if their condition fails to improve, changes, or if they have concerns about their health.AimTo assess when and how safety-netting advice is delivered in routine GP consultations.Design and settingThis was an observational study using 318 recorded GP consultations with adult patients in the UK.MethodA safety-netting coding tool was applied to all consultations. Logistic regression for the presence or absence of safety-netting advice was compared between patient, clinician, and problem variables.ResultsA total of 390 episodes of safety-netting advice were observed in 205/318 (64.5%) consultations for 257/555 (46.3%) problems. Most advice was initiated by the GP (94.9%) and delivered in the treatment planning (52.1%) or closing (31.5%) consultation phases. Specific advice was delivered in almost half (47.2%) of episodes. Safety-netting advice was more likely to be present for problems that were acute (odds ratio [OR] 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30 to 3.64), assessed first in the consultation (OR 2.94, 95% CI = 1.85 to 4.68) or assessed by GPs aged ≤49 years (OR 2.56, 95% CI = 1.45 to 4.51). Safety-netting advice was documented for only 109/242 (45.0%) problems.ConclusionGPs appear to commonly give safety-netting advice, but the contingencies or actions required on the patient’s part may not always be specific or documented. The likelihood of safety-netting advice being delivered may vary according to characteristics of the problem or the GP. How to assess safety-netting outcomes in terms of patient benefits and harms does warrant further exploration.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Ship Safety Distance for Bridges across Waterways Based on Traffic Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Ju Son ◽  
Jeong-Seok Lee ◽  
Hyeong-Tak Lee ◽  
Ik-Soon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Safety Distance ◽  
Traffic Distribution ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ship Safety

For ship passage safety, a bridge across a waterway is a risk for accidents. However, no standard for the safe distance between a bridge and a ship is available in Korea. The UK MCA considers the 90% confidence interval of traffic distribution as the acceptable passage range, using it for measuring the separation between offshore wind farms. In this study, an optimal ship safety distance is proposed by evaluating traffic distribution at the Incheon and Busan harbor bridges and analyzing the confidence intervals. The results, based on the Z-score, reveal that at the Incheon bridge, all but one ship for 2-way departure were in circulation within the 95% confidence interval range, whereas at the Busan harbor bridge, six ships for arrival and two ships for departure were outside the 95% range. Based on the results of this study, the design of bridges across waterways can incorporate traffic distribution corresponding to each port.

scholarly journals Awareness and attitudes towards external auditory canal exostosis and its preventability in surfers in the UK: cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (7) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Morris ◽  
T Martin ◽  
D Mccahon ◽  
S Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObjectives:To determine the proportion of UK surfers aware of external auditory canal exostosis, to identify surfer characteristics associated with knowledge of the condition and to explore attitudes to earplug use.Method:An online, cross-sectional survey of UK-based surfers.Results:Of 375 surfers, 86.1 per cent (n = 323; 95 per cent confidence interval = 82.3–89.3) reported awareness of external auditory canal exostosis. Further investigation revealed that, despite their awareness of the condition, 23.4 per cent of these surfers (88 out of 323; 95 per cent confidence interval = 19.5–28.0) had little or no knowledge about external auditory canal exostosis. Predictors of knowledge included: distance from nearest surfing beach (p = 0.001), surfing standard (ability) (p = 0.008), earplug use (p = 0.024) and positive external auditory canal exostosis diagnosis (p = 0.009).Conclusion:The findings suggest that a significant minority of UK surfers have no knowledge about this condition. Knowledge of external auditory canal exostosis was significantly associated with earplug use when surfing. Efforts to improve surfers’ knowledge are required to enable surfers to better protect themselves, which could reduce the incidence of external auditory canal exostosis.

Should More Polls Be Interpreted as Too Close to Call?

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 329-332
Author(s):  
Walter W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
The State ◽  
Horse Race ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
The Difference

AbstractDuring political campaigns the spread between the popularity of the candidates is a common metric capturing the state of the horse-race feature of the campaign. One candidate is said to be ahead of another by an indicated number of percentage points. If the difference is less than the margin of error, the race is considered too close to call. In two-person races, however, the spread corresponds to a much smaller confidence level than is usually reported because the two numbers used to compute the spread are not independent. The size of the confidence interval that is typically reported is incorrect by a factor of two. Therefore, some spreads that are reported as decisive are races too close to call.

scholarly journals Variable Slope Forecasting Methods and COVID-19 Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Jonathan Leightner ◽  
Tomoo Inoue ◽  
Pierre Lafaye de Micheaux
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Total Derivative ◽  
Derivative Estimate ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

There are many real-world situations in which complex interacting forces are best described by a series of equations. Traditional regression approaches to these situations involve modeling and estimating each individual equation (producing estimates of “partial derivatives”) and then solving the entire system for reduced form relationships (“total derivatives”). We examine three estimation methods that produce “total derivative estimates” without having to model and estimate each separate equation. These methods produce a unique total derivative estimate for every observation, where the differences in these estimates are produced by omitted variables. A plot of these estimates over time shows how the estimated relationship has evolved over time due to omitted variables. A moving 95% confidence interval (constructed like a moving average) means that there is only a five percent chance that the next total derivative would lie outside that confidence interval if the recent variability of omitted variables does not increase. Simulations show that two of these methods produce much less error than ignoring the omitted variables problem does when the importance of omitted variables noticeably exceeds random error. In an example, the spread rate of COVID-19 is estimated for Brazil, Europe, South Africa, the UK, and the USA.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 booster vaccine against covid-19 related symptoms in England: test negative case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Andrews ◽  
Julia Stowe ◽  
Freja Kirsebom ◽  
Charlotte Gower ◽  
Mary Ramsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Negative Case ◽  
The Uk

Background In September 2021, the UK Government introduced a booster programme targeting individuals over 50 and those in a clinical risk group. Individuals were offered either a full dose of the BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine or a half dose of the mRNA-1273 (Spikevax, Moderna) vaccine, irrespective of the vaccine received as the primary course Methods We used a test-negative case-control design to estimate the Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) of the booster dose BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) in those aged over 50 against symptomatic disease in post booster time intervals compared to individuals at least 140 days post a second dose with no booster dose recorded. In a secondary analysis, we also compared to unvaccinated individuals and to the 2 to 6 day period after a booster dose was received. Analyses were stratified by which primary doses had been received and any mixed primary courses were excluded. Results The relative VE estimate in the 14 days after the BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) booster dose, compared to individuals that received a two-dose primary course, was 87.4 (95% confidence interval 84.9-89.4) in those individuals who received two doses ChAdOx1-S (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca) as a primary course and 84.4 (95% confidence interval 82.8-85.8) in those individuals who received two doses of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) as a primary course. Using the 2-6 day period post the booster dose as the baseline gave similar results. The absolute VE from 14 days after the booster, using the unvaccinated baseline, was 93.1(95% confidence interval 91.7-94.3) in those with ChAdOx1-S (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca) as their primary course and 94.0 (93.4-94.6) for BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) as their primary course. Conclusions Our study provides real world evidence of significant increased protection from the booster vaccine dose against symptomatic disease in those aged over 50 year of age irrespective of which primary course was received.

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