Lipid composition of different parts of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruit and valorization of seed and peel waste

The consumption of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruit (CG), fresh or processed, is gaining popularity worldwide, due to its nutritional and medicinal benefits. This study was based on the analysis of the lipid fraction of different parts of CG fruit and on further valorization of the resulting CG waste. The content of glyceride oil in CG seeds, peels and seed/peel waste, as well as the individual fatty acid, sterol and tocopherol composition of the oils was determined. CG seeds and seed/peel waste were a rich source of oil (up to 22.93%), which is suitable for nutritional application, due to its high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids (up to 83.77%), sterols (campesterol, Δ5-аvenasterol, β-sitosterol) and tocopherols (β-, δ- and γ-tocopherols). Seed/peel waste and the extracted seed cakes contained macro- and microminerals (K, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) which are important for human and animal nutrition. Seed cakes had relatively high protein (24.32%) and cellulose (42.94%) contents, and an interesting amino acid profile. The results from the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the composition of CG fruit, and might be of practical relevance in the development of functional foods and feeds.

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Determination of the chemical composition of seeds, peels, and seedcakes from two genotypes of Cape gooseberry (Physalisperuviana L.)

TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY ◽

10.3906/tar-2003-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 642-650

Author(s):

Venelina POPOVA ◽

Zhana PETKOVA ◽

Tanya IVANOVA ◽

Magdalena STOYANOVA ◽

Nikolay PANAYOTOV ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Oil ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Production Areas ◽

Cape Gooseberry

Physalis peruviana L. fruit (Cape gooseberry, CG) is a rich source of phytonutrients, including vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), phytosterols, dietetic fibers, and others. The popularity and production areas of CG have been expanding worldwide, thus producing fruit with origin-substantiated differences in their nutrient composition.This study was based on the comparative assessment of 2 genotypes of CG produced in Bulgaria (CG-P and CG-F), through analysis of the lipid fraction of different fruit elements (seeds, peels), and further examination of the extracted seedcakes. The CG seeds reasonably yielded more oil (17.0%–22.2%) than the isolated peels (2.8%–2.9%). The main FAs in the CG-P seed oil were oleic (29.6%) and palmitic (20.6%), and in the CG-F seed oil were palmitic (20.9%) and stearic (17.5%). Both CG peel oils were dominated by palmitic acid (43.0%–60.2%), but there was a significant variation of some other FAs. The group of bioactive tocopherols was found exclusively in the oil extracted from the CG seeds, with no significant difference between the genotypes; β-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol were the most abundant. Waste from the oil extraction (the seedcakes) was found to contain high levels of macro and microminerals (K, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, and others), fiber (40.26%–47.62%), protein (13.73%–8.08%), and essential amino acids, with some genotype-based variations. The results demonstrated that, concerning the studied aspects of fruit composition, CG produced in Bulgaria was comparable to the fruit of other origins; hence, they might be of practical interest to national agricultural and food producers, as well as to the food industry on a wider basis, as new details are added to the knowledge about CG fruit. The outcomes from the examination of the CG seedcakes were in favor of their potential in human and animal nutrition, and might serve as grounds for the development of new products.

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Study on Pramana Shareera in relation to Prakriti

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v2i3.8211 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rajendra Pai N. ◽

U. Govindaraju

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Characteristic Property ◽

The Body ◽

Artificial Limbs ◽

Body Parts ◽

Unit Of Measurement ◽

The Individual ◽

Different Parts

Ayurveda in its principle has given importance to individualistic approach rather than generalize. Application of this examination can be clearly seem like even though two patients suffering from same disease, the treatment modality may change depending upon the results of Dashvidha Pariksha. Prakruti and Pramana both used in Dashvidha Pariksha. Both determine the health of the individual and Bala (strength) of Rogi (Patient). Ayurveda followed Swa-angula Pramana as the unit of measurement for measuring the different parts of the body which is prime step assessing patient before treatment. Sushruta and Charaka had stated different Angula Pramana of each Pratyanga (body parts). Specificity is the characteristic property of Swa-angula Pramana. This can be applicable in present era for example artificial limbs. A scientific research includes collection, compilation, analysis and lastly scrutiny of entire findings to arrive at a conclusion. Study of Pramana and its relation with Prakruti was conducted in 1000 volunteers using Prakruti Parkishan proforma with an objective of evaluation of Anguli Pramana in various Prakriti. It was observed co-relating Pramana in each Prakruti and Granthokta Pramana that there is no vast difference in measurement of head, upper limb and lower limb. The observational study shows closer relation of features with classical texts.

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Effect of Salt Stress on Growth and Metabolite Profiles of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) along Three Growth Stages

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092756 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2756

Author(s):

Daissy Monroy-Velandia ◽

Ericsson Coy-Barrera

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Metabolite Profiles ◽

Consumption Practices ◽

Growth Differences ◽

Cape Gooseberry

Colombia is the main producer of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), a plant known for its various consumption practices and medicinal properties. This plant is generally grown in eroded soils and is considered moderately tolerant to unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient-poor soils or high salt concentrations. Most studies conducted on this plant focus on fruit production and composition because it is the target product, but a small number of studies have been conducted to describe the effect of abiotic stress, e.g., salt stress, on growth and biochemical responses. In order to better understand the mechanism of inherent tolerance of this plant facing salt stress, the present study was conducted to determine the metabolic and growth differences of P. peruviana plants at three different BBCH-based growth substages, varying salt conditions. Hence, plants were independently treated with two NaCl solutions, and growth parameters and LC-ESI-MS-derived semi-quantitative levels of metabolites were then measured and compared between salt treatments per growth substage. A 90 mM NaCl treatment caused the greatest effect on plants, provoking low growth and particular metabolite variations. The treatment discrimination-driving feature classification suggested that glycosylated flavonols increased under 30 mM NaCl at 209 substages, withanolides decreased under 90 mM NaCl at 603 and 703 substages, and up-regulation of a free flavonol at all selected stages can be considered a salt stress response. Findings locate such response into a metabolic context and afford some insights into the plant response associated with antioxidant compound up-regulation.

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A combined mathematical model to represent transpiration, respiration, and water activity changes in fresh cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) fruits

Biosystems Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.05.015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 208 ◽

pp. 152-163

Author(s):

Johanna Garavito ◽

Aníbal O. Herrera ◽

Diego A. Castellanos

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Water Activity ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Cape Gooseberry

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Characterization of the genome of a novel ilarvirus naturally infecting Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana)

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s00705-018-3796-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 163 (6) ◽

pp. 1713-1716 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuliana M. Gallo-García ◽

Helena Jaramillo-Mesa ◽

Luisa F. Toro-Fernández ◽

Mauricio Marín-Montoya ◽

Pablo A. Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Cape Gooseberry

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An Alternative Approach for the Synthesis of Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4275

Author(s):

Tobias Sitz ◽

Hendrik Domey ◽

Judith Fischer ◽

Sascha Rohn

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Model Studies ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Increasing Demand

Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) is a glycolipid ubiquitously found in photosynthetically active organisms. It has attracted much attention in recent years due to its biological activities. Similarly, the increasing demand for vegan and functional foods has led to a growing interest in micronutrients such as sulfolipids and their physiological influence on human health. To study this influence, reference materials are needed for developing new analytical methods and providing enough material for model studies on the biological activity. However, the availability of these materials is limited by the difficulty to isolate and purify sulfolipids from natural sources and the unavailability of chemical standards on the market. Consequently, an alternative synthetic route for the comprehensive preparation of sulfolipids was established. Here, the synthesis of a sulfolipid with two identical saturated fatty acids is described exemplarily. The method opens possibilities for the preparation of a diverse range of interesting derivatives with different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

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Fatty Acid Profile, Lipid Quality and Squalene Content of Teff (Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter) and Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) Varieties from Ethiopia

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3590

Author(s):

Endale Amare ◽

Luca Grigoletto ◽

Viviana Corich ◽

Alessio Giacomini ◽

Anna Lante

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Amaranthus Caudatus ◽

Lipid Quality ◽

Squalene Content

Teff and amaranth are gluten-free cereals with significant nutritional and health benefits. However, they are underutilized and known in limited areas of the world. The present study evaluated the fatty acid profile, crude fat, squalene content and lipid quality of seven teff (Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter) and three amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) varieties from Ethiopia. The fat content ranged from 2.92 to 3.34% (averaging 3.06%) and from 8.28 to 9.21% (averaging 8.6%) for teff and amaranth, respectively. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acid were predominant in both teff and amaranth, accounting for approximately 89 and 85% of total fatty acid content, respectively. The saturated to unsaturated fatty acids ratio ranged from 0.30 to 0.32 in teff and from 0.38 to 0.40 in amaranth. The parameters used to describe lipid quality, i.e., thrombogenicity and atherogenicity indices, show that teff was superior over amaranth, suggesting a preference for the former for healthy food formulation. The squalene content of white amaranth (486.54 mg/100 g DM) was significantly higher than that of the other two varieties (327.54 and 340.81 mg/100 g DM for red and brown amaranth, respectively). In general, both gluten-free crops should be exploited for their potential as ingredients for the development of novel functional foods.

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Nutritional composition of different cape gooseberry genotypes (Physalis peruviana L.) – a comparative study

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(4).123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 191-202

Author(s):

N.T. Petkova ◽

V.T. Popova ◽

T.A. Ivanova ◽

N.N. Mazova ◽

N.D. Panayotov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mineral Content ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

South American ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

High Nutrient ◽

Cape Gooseberry

Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a South American fruit with high nutrient content, pleasant taste and antioxidant properties. However, its consumption in some countries is underеvalued. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional composition of two genotypes of Cape gooseberry fruit produced in Bulgaria (CG-F and CG-P) and to compare it with imported Colombian fruits (CG-C). The samples were assayed for size, diameter, moisture, ash, titratable acidity, pH, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, natural pigments, and mineral content. Bulgarian genotypes were smaller in size than the imported Colombian fruits. The protein content (2.54-1.88 g/100 g) was relatively higher in the imported variety, compared with the locally produced fruit. Carbohydrate content (10.23-14.13 g/100 g) slightly varied between the genotypes. The sweetness of the fruit was due to the main detected sugars – sucrose, glucose and fructose. CG-F and GC-C genotypes had similar sweetness indices, and fruit taste was evaluated as sweet-sour. Pectin content did not exceed 1.85%; the cellulose content varied between 4.29% and 6.64%. Moreover, all investigated fruit had a low lipid content (below 1.00%). The total chlorophyll and carotenoids levels were the highest in the local genotype CG-P (3.62 and 22.36 µg/g). Potassium was the predominant macro-element in all genotypes; there were numerical differences in the rest of the minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn), while the heavy metals, Pb, Cd and Cr, were generally absent. Cape gooseberry fruit of Bulgarian origin was evaluated as a low-calorie nutrient, compatible with the imported Colombian fruit.

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Increased fecundity of the cladoceran Moinodaphnia macleayi on a diet supplemented with a green alga, and its use in uranium toxicity tests

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9930389 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 389 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

RV Hyne ◽

A Padovan ◽

DL Parry ◽

SM Renaud

Keyword(s):

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Algal Species ◽

Cichlid Fish ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Scenedesmus Quadricauda ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Ankistrodesmus Falcatus ◽

Algal Diets ◽

Chlamydomonas Sp

The effects of two synthetic diets and four algal diets on the survival and fecundity of Moinodaphnia macleayi for use in life-cycle toxicity tests were determined. The synthetic foods were a suspension of blended cichlid fish pellets with powdered alfalfa, either prepared fresh or fermented in natural water for 3 days. The algae, isolated from the habitat of M. rnacleayi in the Alligator Rivers Region, were Selenastrum sp., Ankistrodesmus (falcatus?), Scenedesmus quadricauda and a Chlamydomonas sp. Each alga was tested alone or as a supplement to the fermented synthetic food. The diet that supported the greatest number of young and the highest survival rate over a 5-day period was a combination of the fermented synthetic food and Chlamydomonas sp. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the lipid fraction of the four algal species showed that Chlamydomonas sp., Selenastrum sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda had significant concentrations of the highly unsaturated fatty acids 18 : 2(n-6), 18 : 3(n-6) and 18: 3(n-3). In terms of size and dry weight, Chlamydomonas sp. was the smallest of the algal cells studied. The toxicity of uranium to M. macleayi survival, determined under standard conditions, was a lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) of 200 �g L-1 after 48 h and 25 �g L-1 after 5 days.

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