Application of Nanoemulsion in Cancer Treatment

2022 ◽  
pp. 237-258
Author(s):  
Sumira Malik ◽  
Shristi Kishore ◽  
Manisha Kumari ◽  
Archna Dhasmana
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Commercial Importance ◽  
Anti Cancer

Nanoemulsions are pharmaceutical-based nanometres ranged nanoformulated particles with significant and valuable contribution in field of the nanotechnology. In cancer treatment, the treatment through drugs fails primarily due to multidrug resistance (MDR), poor solubility, and unspecific toxicity. Nanoemulsions have the remarkable properties of non-immunogenicity, biodegradability, sustained encapsulation of low water solubility drugs, sustained regulated release of drug, stable and safe carrying tendency to deliver such drugs, and specificity in targeting only cancer cells to overcome multidrug resistance through for clinical and therapeutic application. They excellently address the noncompliance issues associated with the conventional anti-cancerous chemotherapeutic dosage issues. Currently multifunctional nanoemulsions are under experimentation for the treatment of various types of cancer. The chapter highlights the current status and applications of nanoemulsions as anti-cancer therapeutics and their commercial importance.

The Application of the Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated Solutions in Cancer Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayun Yan ◽  
Jonathan H. Sherman ◽  
Michael Keidar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
The Common

Background: Over the past five years, the cold atmospheric plasma-activated solutions (PAS) have shown their promissing application in cancer treatment. Similar as the common direct cold plasma treatment, PAS shows a selective anti-cancer capacity in vitro and in vivo. However, different from the direct cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment, PAS can be stored for a long time and can be used without dependence on a CAP device. The research on PAS is gradually becoming a hot topic in plasma medicine. Objectives: In this review, we gave a concise but comprehensive summary on key topics about PAS including the development, current status, as well as the main conclusions about the anti-cancer mechanism achieved in past years. The approaches to make strong and stable PAS are also summarized.

Innovatory role of nanomaterials as bio-tools for treatment of cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Muntaha Talat ◽  
Shaan Bibi Jaffri ◽  
Neelofer Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancerous Cells

AbstractConventional treatment modes like chemotherapy, thermal and radiations aimed at cancerous cells eradication are marked by destruction pointing the employment of nanomaterials as sustainable and auspicious materials for saving human lives. Cancer has been deemed as the second leading cause of death on a global scale. Nanomaterials employment in cancer treatment is based on the utilization of their inherent physicochemical characteristics in addition to their modification for using as nano-carriers and nano-vehicles eluted with anti-cancer drugs. Current work has reviewed the significant role of different types of nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics in a systematic way. Compilation of review has been done by analyzing voluminous investigations employing ERIC, MEDLINE, NHS Evidence and Web of Science databases. Search engines used were Google scholar, Jstore and PubMed. Current review is suggestive of the remarkable performance of nanomaterials making them candidates for cancer treatment for substitution of destructive treatment modes through investigation of their physicochemical characteristics, utilization outputs and long term impacts in patients.

scholarly journals 2D Nanomaterial, Ti3C2 MXene-Based Sensor to Guide Lung Cancer Therapy and Management

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Mahek Sadiq ◽  
Lizhi Pang ◽  
Michael Johnson ◽  
Venkatachalem Sathish ◽  
Qifeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Lung Cancer Treatment ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cox 2

Major advances in cancer control can be greatly aided by early diagnosis and effective treatment in its pre-invasive state. Lung cancer (small cell and non-small cell) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women around the world. A lot of research attention has been directed toward diagnosing and treating lung cancer. A common method of lung cancer treatment is based on COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors. This is because COX-2 is commonly overexpressed in lung cancer and also the abundance of its enzymatic product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Instead of using traditional COX-2 inhibitors to treat lung cancer, here, we introduce a new anti-cancer strategy recently developed for lung cancer treatment. It adopts more abundant omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids such as dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) in the daily diet and the commonly high levels of COX-2 expressed in lung cancer to promote the formation of 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (8-HOA) through a new delta-5-desaturase (D5Di) inhibitor. The D5Di does not only limit the metabolic product, PGE2, but also promote the COX-2 catalyzed DGLA peroxidation to form 8-HOA, a novel anti-cancer free radical byproduct. Therefore, the measurement of the PGE2 and 8-HOA levels in cancer cells can be an effective method to treat lung cancer by providing in-time guidance. In this paper, we mainly report on a novel sensor, which is based on a newly developed functionalized nanomaterial, 2-dimensional nanosheets, or Ti3C2 MXene. The preliminary results have proven to sensitively, selectively, precisely, and effectively detect PGE2 and 8-HOA in A549 lung cancer cells. The capability of the sensor to detect trace level 8-HOA in A549 has been verified in comparison with the traditional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. The sensing principle could be due to the unique structure and material property of Ti3C2 MXene: a multilayered structure and extremely large surface area, metallic conductivity, and ease and versatility in surface modification. All these make the Ti3C2 MXene-based sensor selectively adsorb 8-HOA molecules through effective charge transfer and lead to a measurable change in the conductivity of the material with a high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent sensitivity.

Stress responses as master keys to epigenomic changes in transcriptome and metabolome for cancer etiology and therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanu Mondal ◽  
Apoorva Bhattacharya ◽  
Vipin Singh ◽  
Shruti Pandita ◽  
Albino Bacolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Treatment Scenario ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

From initiation through progression, cancer cells are subjected to a magnitude of endogenous and exogenous stresses, which aid in their neoplastic transformation. Exposure to these classes of stress induces imbalance in cellular homeostasis and, in response, cancer cells employ informative adaptive mechanisms to rebalance biochemical processes that facilitate survival and maintain their existence. Different kinds of stress stimuli trigger epigenetic alterations in cancer cells, which leads to changes in their transcriptome and metabolome, ultimately resulting in suppression of growth inhibition or induction of apoptosis. Whether cancer cells show a protective response to stress or succumb to cell death depends on the type of stress and duration of exposure. A thorough understanding of epigenetic and molecular architecture of cancer cell stress response pathways can unveil a plethora of information required to develop novel anti-cancer therapeutics. The present view highlights current knowledge about alterations in epigenome and transcriptome of cancer cells as a consequence of exposure to different physicochemical stressful stimuli such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia, radiation, hyperthermia, genotoxic agents, and nutrient deprivation. Currently, an anti-cancer treatment scenario involving the imposition of stress on target cancer cells is gaining traction to augment or even replace conventional therapeutic regimens. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of stress response pathways is crucial for devising and implementing novel therapeutic strategies.

Synthesis, characterization and anti-cancer applications of ytterbium doped gadolinium molybdate nanophosphor compound

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 882-894
Author(s):  
Jahnavi Rama Madhuri Kamaraju ◽  
Raghavendra Rao Kanchi ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Borra ◽  
Padma Suvarna Reniguntla ◽  
Satyanarayana Rentala
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Gadolinium Complexes ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Gadolinium Molybdate

Nanophosphor compounds with both diagnostic and therapeutic functions are potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Lanthanide complexes play a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Gadolinium-complexes are commonly used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for cancer imaging. The role of a lanthanide, Ytterbium (Yb) in cancer treatment is not unknown. The present work focuses on finding the role of Yb when doped into Gadolinium complexes in cancer treatment. Our results demonstrate that Yb doped Gadolinium molybdate coated with biocompatible silica, effectively inhibited the viability of breast cancer cells after 24 and 48 h of treatment in in vitro, and in contrast the nanophosphor compounds did not affect the viability of healthy cells. Yb doped Gadolinium molybdate also up-regulated apoptotic genes in breast cancer cells. Hence we propose that Yb doped Gadolinium molybdate is a promising theranostic compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing anti-cancer nature of Ytterbium-doped into Gadolinium nanophosphors.

scholarly journals Regenerative Wound Dressings for Skin Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2954
Author(s):  
Teodor Iulian Pavel ◽  
Cristina Chircov ◽  
Marius Rădulescu ◽  
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Surgery Management

Skin cancer is considered the most prevalent cancer type globally, with a continuously increasing prevalence and mortality growth rate. Additionally, the high risk of recurrence makes skin cancer treatment among the most expensive of all cancers, with average costs estimated to double within 5 years. Although tumor excision is the most effective approach among the available strategies, surgical interventions could be disfiguring, requiring additional skin grafts for covering the defects. In this context, post-surgery management should involve the application of wound dressings for promoting skin regeneration and preventing tumor recurrence and microbial infections, which still represents a considerable clinical challenge. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an up-to-date overview regarding the current status of regenerative wound dressings for skin cancer therapy. Specifically, the recent discoveries in natural biocompounds as anti-cancer agents for skin cancer treatment and the most intensively studied biomaterials for bioactive wound dressing development will be described.

Effects of a Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, PXD101, When Used as Monotherapy or in Combination with Bortezomib on Tumor Growth in Mouse Models of Human Multiple Myeloma.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3483-3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Campbell ◽  
Eric Sanchez ◽  
Haiming Chen ◽  
Lauren Turker ◽  
Olivia Trac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Optimal Schedule ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Human Multiple Myeloma

Abstract Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a new mechanistic class of anti-cancer therapeutics that inhibit HDAC enzymes and have been shown to have anti-proliferative effects in cancer cells (including drug resistance subtypes), induce apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis, and sensitize cancer cells when combined with other available anti-cancer therapies. PXD101 is a novel investigational small molecule drug that selectively inhibits HDAC enzymes. In recent preclinical studies, PXD101 has been shown to have the potential to treat a wide range of solid and hematological malignancies either as a monotherapy or in combination with other active agents. In this study, we evaluated the activity of PXD101 on multiple myeloma samples when used as monotherapy or in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. In vitro experiments indicated that PXD101 pretreatment (20 mM; 3h) sensitized RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells to subsequent bortezomib exposure (5 nM; 72h). To examine PXD101 and bortezomib in vivo, two mouse models of human multiple myeloma were utilized (LAGλ-1 and LAGκ-1B). LAGλ-1 was generated from a patient resistant to melphalan therapy and LAGκ-1B from a patient who progressed on bortezomib treatment (Campbell et al, International Journal of Oncology 2006). SCID mice were implanted with LAGλ-1 or LAGκ-1B tumor fragments into the left superficial gluteal muscle. Tumors were allowed to grow for 14 days at which time human IgG levels were detectable in the mouse serum, and mice were randomly assigned into treatment groups. Groups consisted of Vehicle only, PXD101 alone (40 mg/kg), bortezomib alone (0.5 mg/kg), or PXD101 (40 mg/kg) + bortezomib (0.5 mg/kg). In one cohort, PXD101 and bortezomib were administered twice weekly (M, Th) and in another cohort PXD101 was administered 5 days a week (M-F) and bortezomib twice weekly (M, Th). When administered, PXD101 was given i.p twice daily and bortezomib once daily intravenously. The results of these animal experiments will provide preclinical information on the activity of PXD101 monotherapy and PXD101/bortezomib combination therapy on drug-resistant myeloma samples, and may help to define the optimal schedule for potential clinical evaluation of this drug combination.

scholarly journals Current progress and future perspectives in the development of anti-polo-like kinase 1 therapeutic agents

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Eun Park ◽  
David Hymel ◽  
Terrence R. Burke, Jr. ◽  
Kyung S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Cancer Drug Discovery ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Specificity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Generation

Although significant levels of side effects are often associated with their use, microtubule-directed agents that primarily target fast-growing mitotic cells have been considered to be some of the most effective anti-cancer therapeutics. With the hope of developing new-generation anti-mitotic agents with reduced side effects and enhanced tumor specificity, researchers have targeted various proteins whose functions are critically required for mitotic progression. As one of the highly attractive mitotic targets, polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has been the subject of an extensive effort for anti-cancer drug discovery. To date, a variety of anti-Plk1 agents have been developed, and several of them are presently in clinical trials. Here, we will discuss the current status of generating anti-Plk1 agents as well as future strategies for designing and developing more efficacious anti-Plk1 therapeutics.

Telomerase-based Cancer Therapeutics: A Review on their Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Relitti ◽  
Akella P. Saraswati ◽  
Stefano Federico ◽  
Tuhina Khan ◽  
Margherita Brindisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Made In

Telomeres are protective chromosomal ends that shield the chromosomes from DNA damage, exonucleolytic degradation, recombination, and end-to-end fusion. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that adds TTAGGG tandem repeats to the telomeric ends. It has been observed that 85 to 90% of human tumors express high levels of telomerase, playing a crucial role in the development of cancers. Interestingly, the telomerase activity is generally absent in normal somatic cells. This selective telomerase expression has driven scientists to develop novel anti-cancer therapeutics with high specificity and potency. Several advancements have been made in this area, which is reflected by the enormous success of the anticancer agent Imetelstat. Since the discovery of Imetelstat, several research groups have contributed to enrich the therapeutic arsenal against cancer. Such contributions include the application of new classes of small molecules, peptides, and hTERT-based immunotherapeutic agents (p540, GV1001, GRNVAC1 or combinations of these such as Vx-001). Many of these therapeutic tools are under different stages of clinical trials and have shown promising outcomes. In this review, we highlight the current status of telomerase-based cancer therapeutics and the outcome of these investigations.

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