Schizophrenia Patients With a History of Severe Violence Differ From Nonviolent Schizophrenia Patients in Perception of Emotions but Not Cognitive Function

2005 ◽  
Vol 66 (03) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Silver ◽  
Craig Goodman ◽  
Gabriella Knoll ◽  
Victoria Isakov ◽  
Ilan Modai
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
Perception Of Emotions

Cognitive reserve in neuropsychiatry

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. BARNETT ◽  
C. H. SALMOND ◽  
P. B. JONES ◽  
B. J. SAHAKIAN
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cognitive Failure ◽  
History Of

Background. The idea that superior cognitive function acts as a protective factor against dementia and the consequences of head injury is well established. Here we suggest the hypothesis that cognitive reserve is also important in neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.Method. We review the history of passive and active models of reserve, and apply the concept to neuropsychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia is used as an exemplar because the effects of premorbid IQ and cognitive function in this disorder have been extensively studied.Results. Cognitive reserve may impact on neuropsychiatric disorders in three ways: by affecting the risk for developing the disorder, in the expression of symptoms within disorders, and in patients' functional outcome. Cognitive failure below a certain threshold may alone, or in combination with common psychiatric symptoms, produce neuropsychiatric syndromes.Conclusions. Consideration of cognitive reserve may considerably improve our understanding of individual differences in the causes and consequences of neuropsychiatric disorders. For these reasons, the concept of cognitive reserve should be incorporated in future studies of neuropsychiatric disorder. It may be possible to enhance cognitive reserve through pharmacological or non-pharmacological means, such as education, neurocognitive activation or other treatment programmes.

scholarly journals A comparative study of impact on cognitive function between diabetic and non-diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1547
Author(s):  
Dharnaben A. Patel ◽  
Dhruv J. Patel ◽  
N. D. Kantharia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
The Brain

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, polyuria, hyperlipidemia etc, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It affects various organs of the body including the brain. Cognitive function is the thinking process of the brain. In any chronic disease evaluation of cognitive function is justified as it may affect various common day to day activities.Methods: It is a prospective, observational and non-interventional study. Thirty diabetic patients who were recently started on insulin i.e. within 7 days were enrolled in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty non diabetic healthy individuals served as a control. Cognitive function was accessed by Adenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE III) at the time of enrollment.Results: The results were analysed using paired t-test. Attention, Memory and Visiospatial ability was significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to control. Verbal fluency and language was also reduced but the change was not significant. Total ACE III score was significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to control.Conclusions: Cognitive function is significantly reduced in Diabetic patients recently started on insulin. Hyperglycemia could be the possible reason of cognitive decline. Proper understanding of the natural history of Diabetes and the pathogenesis of cognitive decline as well as control of Diabetes can help to prevent development of cognitive dysfunction.

Abstract P350: The Link Between Cognitive Function and Cause-specific Mortality in US Adults

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Sedaghat ◽  
Behnam SABAYAN ◽  
Farzaneh A Sorond ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mortality Table

Introduction: Multiple studies demonstrated an independent and inverse association between cognitive function and mortality but little is known about the cause of death. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that lower cognitive function is related to higher mortality risk and this association is stronger for cardiovascular related deaths. Methods: We included 5569 persons (mean[SE] age 71[0.05], 52% women), from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) with available cognitive function measurements and mortality follow-up. Cognitive domains include orientation, attention, immediate and delayed memory as well as global cognition. We used weighted Cox proportional regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, history of diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Results: During an average follow-up of 12 years, 1887 participants died from cardiovascular causes and 2675 died from non-cardiovascular causes. Each SD lower global cognitive performance (SD=6) was related to a 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) higher hazard of all-cause mortality. The associations were more prominent with cardiovascular mortality than with non- cardiovascular mortality (Table). Conclusion: Cognitive impairment in the absence of manifest dementia is an important independent predictor of mortality, in particular from cardiovascular causes.

scholarly journals What Makes a 97-Year-Old Man Cycle 5,000 km a Year?

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulin Cheng ◽  
Hans Degens ◽  
Michael Evans ◽  
Shu Mei Cheng ◽  
Harri Selänne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Habitual Exercise ◽  
History Of ◽  
Active Lifestyles ◽  
Musculoskeletal Structure ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Background: The nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in the study of longevity, health and successful aging. Objective: We present a 97-year-old man (I.K.) as an example of the effects of habitual exercise on the aging process. Methods: Extensive assessments included medical examinations, interviews, musculoskeletal structure, performance characteristics, cognitive function and gut microbiota composition. Results: I.K. suffers from iatrogenic hypogonadism, prostate cancer, hypothyroidism and a history of deep popliteal thrombosis. Notwithstanding, he cycles up to 5,000 km a year and participates in competitive sports. His musculoskeletal properties, athletic performance, cognitive function and gut microbiota are outstanding. Some traits even exceed those seen in middle-aged men. Conclusions: His long-term physically and intellectually active lifestyles combined with extensive social interactions have most likely contributed to his exercise capacity, despite his medical history.

Cognitive Impairment in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: The Canadian Frailty Observation and Interventions Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Foster ◽  
Simon Walker ◽  
Ranveer Brar ◽  
Brett Hiebert ◽  
Paul Komenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than one third of older adults, and is a strong risk factor for vascular disease and cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment can have detrimental effects on the quality of life through decreased treatment adherence and poor nutrition and results in increased costs of care and early mortality. Though widely studied in hemodialysis populations, little is known about cognitive impairment in patients with pre-dialysis CKD. Methods: Multicenter, cross-sectional, prospective cohort study including 385 patients with CKD stages G4-G5. Cognitive function was measured with a validated tool called the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as part of a comprehensive frailty assessment in the Canadian Frailty Observation and Interventions Trial. Cognitive impairment was defined as a MoCA score of ≤24. We determined the prevalence and risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with CKD stages G4-G5, not on dialysis. Results: Two hundred and thirty seven participants (61%) with CKD stages G4-G5 had cognitive impairment at baseline assessment. When compared to a control group, this population scored lower in all domains of cognition, with the most pronounced deficits observed in recall, attention, and visual/executive function (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). Older age, recent history of falls and history of stroke were independently associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Our study uncovered a high rate of unrecognized cognitive impairment in an advanced CKD population. This impairment is global, affecting all aspects of cognition and is likely vascular in nature. The longitudinal trajectory of cognitive function and its effect on dialysis decision-making and outcomes deserves further study.

Cognitive Function in Older Diabetic Subjects with a History of Alcohol Abuse

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Hudetz ◽  
David C. Warltier
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Either diabetes or alcohol abuse can impair cognitive function, especially at older ages. Whether a history of alcohol abuse increases the risk for cognitive impairment in diabetic patients has not been examined. Cognitive function of type 2 diabetic subjects with a history of alcohol abuse was expected to be more impaired than that of subjects with either diabetes or alcohol abuse alone. Men, >55 years of age, were categorized as 15 alcoholic-diabetic; 15 alcoholic-nondiabetic; 15 nonalcoholic-diabetic; 15 nonalcoholic-nondiabetic, and matched on age, sex, and education. Participants' verbal memory, visuospatial memory, and executive functions were assessed using a neurocognitive test battery. Significant interactions of diabetes and alcoholism for Visual Delayed Recall, Story Immediate Recall, and Story Delayed Recall implied that diabetes and alcohol abuse enhanced each other's effect in lowering cognitive test scores. Alcohol abuse history in older diabetic subjects presents an increased risk for cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif Pasien Pasca Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldi O. Boletimi ◽  
Mieke A. H. N. Kembuan ◽  
Junita M. Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Low Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Abstract Domains ◽  
And Gender

Abstract: Stroke or brain attack occurs directly and its incidence is still very high until now. It is reported that two-thirds of stroke patients suffered from cognitive impairment leading to dementia within three months after stroke that can interfere with one’s daily activities if left untreated. This study was aimed to obtain the description of cognitive function in post-stroke patients. This was a literature review study using three databases, as follows: Goggle Scholar, Pubmed, and Clinical Key, and the keywords were cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, post-stroke, and MoCA. There were 10 literatures that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that many post-stroke patients showed cognitive function decline in the visuospatial/executive, memory, language, attention, and abstract domains. Cognitive impairment occured mostly in male patients, age 60 years and over, low education, ischemic stroke, left hemisphere lesion, with a history of hypertension. In conclusion, there is a relationship between post-stroke cognitive impairment and the location of lesion, age, and education level, albeit, there was no relationship between the cognitive impairment and gender as well as diabetes mellitus.Keywords: cognitive impairment, post-stroke, MoCA Abstrak: Stroke menyerang otak secara langsung dengan angka kejadian yang masih sangat tinggi sampai saat ini. Dua pertiga pasien stroke dilaporkan mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif yang berujung pada demensia dalam tiga bulan pasca stroke serta dapat mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari bila dibiarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran fungsi kognitif pasien pasca stroke. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review, dengan pencarian literatur pada tiga database yaitu Goggle Scholar, Pubmed, dan Clinical Key. Kata kunci yang digunakan ialah penurunan fungsi kognitif, pasca stroke, dan MoCA. Hasil seleksi mendapatkan 10 literatur yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pasien pasca stroke sering terjadi penurunan fungsi kognitif dengan domain visuospasial/eksekutif, memori, bahasa, atensi, dan abstrak yang paling sering terganggu. Penurunan fungsi kognitif banyak ditemukan pada pasien laki-laki, usia 60 tahun ke atas, jenjang pendidikan rendah, stroke iskemik, lesi hemisfer kiri, dengan riwayat hipertensi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah adanya hubungan antara penurunan fungsi kognitif dengan lokasi lesi, usia, dan jenjang pendidikan namun tidak terdapat hubungan dengan jenis kelamin dan diabetes melitus.Kata kunci: gangguan kognitif, pasca stroke, MoCA

scholarly journals Stimulation and cognitive function in short-stature preschoolers

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Ika Citra Dewi ◽  
Rini Sekartini ◽  
Hartono Gunardi ◽  
Asrawati Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Scale ◽  
History Of

Background Normal-height children generally have better cognitive function than growth-stunted, short-stature children. Children’s cognitive function reportedly improves with stimulation. However, a correlation between stimulation and cognitive function in children with a history of short stature remains unclear. Objective To assess correlation between stimulation and cognitive function in normal-height vs. short-stature preschool children. Methods A cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling was performed in four sub-district areas in Jakarta. Preschool-aged children and their primary caregivers from previous studies on short stature were eligible for inclusion. An Indonesian version of a questionnaire was used to assess stimulation. A psychologist assessed verbal IQ (VIQ), performance IQ (PIQ), and full-scale IQ (FSIQ) with the Indonesian version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and Chi-square tests, and P values <0.05 were considered to be significant. Results Of 62 subjects, 64.5% had normal height and 35.5% had short stature. Both normal-height and short-stature children had similar IQ outcome and history of stimulation. The stimulation was significantly correlated with FSIQ in normal-height children (r= 0.316; P=0.047), but not short-stature children (r=0.049; P=0.828). However, the percentage differences in VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ between normal-height and short-stature children were not significant (P=0.409, 0.119 and 0.877, respectively). Conclusion  There is a significant correlation between stimulation and IQ in normal-height children. Short-stature preschoolers were not worse in terms of IQ than normal-height preschoolers. Parents and caregivers should be encouraged to provide regular and adequate stimulation to their young children.

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