Effect of Organic Acids on Salmonella Colonization and Shedding in Weaned Piglets in a Seeder Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1974-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORIS MICHIELS ◽  
JORIS MISSOTTEN ◽  
GEERTRUI RASSCHAERT ◽  
NOËL DIERICK ◽  
MARC HEYNDRICKX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Piglets (n ~ 128) weaned at 21 days of age were used in a 35-day seeder model to evaluate the effects of dietary additives differing in active ingredients, chemical, and physical formulation, and dose on Salmonella colonization and shedding and intestinal microbial populations. Treatments were a negative control (basal diet), the positive control (challenged, basal diet), and six treatments similar to the positive control but supplemented with the following active ingredients (dose excluding essential oils or natural extracts): triglycerides with butyric acid (1.30 g kg−1); formic and citric acids and essential oils (2.44 g kg−1); coated formic, coated sorbic, and benzoic acids (2.70 g kg− 1); salts of formic, sorbic, acetic, and propionic acids, their free acids, and natural extracts (2.92 g kg−1); triglycerides with caproic and caprylic acids and coated oregano oil (1.80 g kg−1); and caproic, caprylic, lauric, and lactic acids (1.91 g kg−1). On day 6, half the piglets (seeder pigs) in each group were orally challenged with a Salmonella Typhimurium nalidixic acid–resistant strain (4 × 109 and 1.2 × 109 log CFU per pig in replicate experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Two days later, they were transferred to pens with an equal number of contact pigs. Salmonella shedding was determined 2 days after challenge exposure and then on a weekly basis. On day 34 or 35, piglets were euthanized to sample tonsils, ileocecal lymph nodes, and ileal and cecal digesta contents. The two additives, both containing short-chain fatty acids and one of them also containing benzoic acid and the other one also containing essential oils, and supplemented at more than 2.70 g kg−1, showed evidence of reducing Salmonella fecal shedding and numbers of coliforms and Salmonella in cecal digesta. However, colonization of tonsils and ileocecal lymph nodes by Salmonella was not affected. Supplementing butyric acid and medium-chain fatty acids at the applied dose failed to inhibit Salmonella contamination in the current experimental setup.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

scholarly journals Free Fatty Acids Signature in Human Intestinal Disorders: Significant Association between Butyric Acid and Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Simone Baldi ◽  
Marta Menicatti ◽  
Giulia Nannini ◽  
Elena Niccolai ◽  
Edda Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Altered circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), namely short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), are associated with metabolic, gastrointestinal, and malignant diseases. Hence, we compared the serum FFA profile of patients with celiac disease (CD), adenomatous polyposis (AP), and colorectal cancer (CRC) to healthy controls (HC). We enrolled 44 patients (19 CRC, 9 AP, 16 CD) and 16 HC. We performed a quantitative FFA evaluation with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (GC–MS), and we performed Dirichlet-multinomial regression in order to highlight disease-specific FFA signature. HC showed a different composition of FFAs than CRC, AP, and CD patients. Furthermore, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) confirmed perfect overlap between the CRC and AP patients and separation of HC from the diseased groups. The Dirichlet-multinomial regression identified only strong positive association between CD and butyric acid. Moreover, CD patients showed significant interactions with age, BMI, and gender. In addition, among patients with the same age and BMI, being male compared to being female implies a decrease of the CD effect on the (log) prevalence of butyric acid in FFA composition. Our data support GC–MS as a suitable method for the concurrent analysis of circulating SCFAs, MCFAs, and LCFAs in different gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore, and notably, we suggest for the first time that butyric acid could represent a potential biomarker for CD screening.

In vitro insecticidal effect of commercial fatty acids, ß-sitosterol and rutin against the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Aguilar Marcelino ◽  
Jesús Antonio Pineda Alegría ◽  
David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez ◽  
Víctor Manuel Hernández Velázquez ◽  
Gonzalo Iván Silva Aguayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Alternative Means

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the main pest of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poaceae), in Mexico. To control this insect, farmers currently use synthetic chemical insecticides, which are toxic to humans and biodiversity. However, natural products are a promising potential source of safer alternative means to control different agricultural pests. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of contact by fumigation of pure molecules of four commercial fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, pentadecanoic and linoleic acids), the phytosterol ß -sitosterol, and the flavonoid rutin. The results showed that fatty acids were the most effective against M. sacchari ; the highest mortality rate (85%) was produced by linoleic acid and the LC 50 was 1,181 ppm, followed by stearic and palmitic acids with mortality percentages of 74 and 63%, respectively, at a concentration of 2,500 ppm at 72 h. The positive control, imidacloprid, had 100% mortality in 24 h and the tween 20 negative control exhibited 4% mortality in 72 h. Our results show that commercial fatty acids are effective against adults of M. sacchari , and can be considered an environmentally friendly alternative to the frequent use of synthetic chemical insecticides.

scholarly journals Cholesterol-lowering activity of lactic acid bacteria and yeast when used as probiotics in laying quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-319
Author(s):  
L. Istiqomah ◽  
A. A. Sakti ◽  
A. Sofyan ◽  
H. Herdian ◽  
A. S. Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Laying Quail

This study aimed to evaluate the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum AKK-30 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae B-18 as probiotics in reducing cholesterol of blood, egg, and meat and also the production performance of laying quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). A number of 600 birds of the twenty one-day-old quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replications (initial BW= 101.35 ± 1.64 g). Treatments were as follows: A = negative control (basal diet without probiotic), B = 1% of L. plantarum AKK-30 (107 cfu/g), C = 1% of S. cerevisiae B-18 (106 cfu/g), D = 1% of a probiotic consortium, E = positive control (commercial probiotic). Parameters observed were blood biochemistry profiles, product quality, and production performance. The results revealed that administration of 1% S. cerevisiae (C) resulted the lowest cholesterol in blood (101.75 mg/dL) and egg (9.44 mg/g) and while administration of 1% L. plantarum(B) increased meat protein and decreased fat content (P<0.05). Level of blood triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were not different among treatments. Probiotic treatments did not affect the growth performance, quail day production (QDP), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg uniformity. However, probiotic increased diameter of egg yolk (P<0.05). It was concluded that administration of single probiotic L. plantarum AKK-30 or S. cerevisiae B-18 improves the quality of laying quail products. 

PSIV-B-21 Broilers as an animal model to assess different copper, manganese and zinc mineral sources on absorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 394-394
Author(s):  
Angela R Boyer ◽  
Heaven Roberts ◽  
Dennis Nuzback ◽  
Miriam Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Status Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mineral Sources

Abstract The study objective was to evaluate absorption differences between different sources of Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn) and Zin (Zn) in broiler diets. Cobb500 chicks (n = 130, 0-d old) were housed in colony brooders and offered basal diet and water ad libitum for eight days. Following the transition phase, 96 straight-run chicks were randomly assigned to one of 48 battery cages (2 chicks/cage; 12 cages/treatment) and offered one of three soy-corn based diets for three weeks: Negative Control (NC; Basal diet at 6 mg/kg Cu, 35 mg/kg Mn, and 36 mg/kg Zn); Positive Control (PC; NC + 15 mg/kg Cu, 100 mg/kg Mn, and 100 mg/kg Zn from Sulfate sources); Treatment 1 (T1; NC + 15 mg/kg Cu, 100 mg/kg Mn, and 100 mg/kg Zn from hydroxychloride Product 1); and Treatment 2 (T2; NC + 15 mg/kg Cu, 100 mg/kg Mn, and 100 mg/kg Zn from hydroxychloride sources Product 2). Week three birds were bled and dissected to obtain liver, breast and femur samples for mineral absorption status. Data were analyzed using RV3.6.1 procedures with non-repeated measures. Plasma and breast tissue were not (P ≥ 0.05) impacted by mineral source, however numerical increases were reported in PC, T1 and T2 over NC. Liver Cu and Zn concentrations were non-significant (P ≥ 0.05) for all treatments. However liver Mn concentrations increased (P ≤ 0.05) in Pc and T1. Copper bone concentrations were not (P ≥ 0.05) affected, but an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in Mn and Zn was reported for PC, T1 and T2 versus NC. These results indicate increased absorption occurs when mineral sources are adequately supplemented beyond basal diet levels and that source may impact absorption rate. Additional research is needed to address the absorption ability of different mineral sources to better understand the impact on bird performance.

scholarly journals PSVI-1 Improvement of gut morphology and meat quality of broiler chickens by encapsulated citral and cinnamaldehyde

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 195-195
Author(s):  
Chongwu Yang ◽  
Janghan Choi ◽  
Marion Mogire ◽  
Argenis Rodas-González ◽  
Moussa S Diarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Gut Morphology

Abstract This study investigated the effects of encapsulated citral (CIT) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and meat quality in broilers. A total of 320 0-day-age male broilers (Cobb 500) were allocated 32 pens with 8 pens per treatment. The treatments included: 1) Corn-wheat-SBM basal diet (negative control); 2) basal diet with 30 ppm avilamycin premix (positive control); 3) basal diet with 50 ppm encapsulated CIT and CIN (CCL); 4) basal diet with 100 ppm encapsulated CIT and CIN (CCH). There were no significant differences between treatments in growth performance (P &gt; 0.05) at each feeding stage. Additionally, birds had similar relative organ weights of heart, liver, spleen and bursa (P &gt; 0.05). The higher ratios of villus height to crypt depth (VCR; P ≤ 0.05) were detected in broilers fed either CCL or CCH, with an average being 14.67 and 15.13 in the duodenum, and 15.13 and 13.58 in the jejunum, respectively. Regarding meat quality, a higher pH value (pH = 6.21) in the breast was observed in 24-h post mortem chickens fed CCL (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences of pH were detected in the breast in 96-h post mortem birds. The breast color (redness, yellowness, and lightness) in either 24-h or 96-h post mortem chickens was not significantly different among treatments (P &gt; 0.05). No change in purge loss (%) was observed in the breast after 48 h. The severity of white striping (WS) or woody meat (WB) was higher in the positive control (WS = 0.58; WB = 0.15) than in other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, dietary treatment with encapsulated CIT and CIN improved gut morphology and meat quality of broilers by increasing VCR in the small intestine and reducing the severity of WS/WB in the breast, respectively, without affecting growth performance.

scholarly journals Control of the lipid oxidation in Nile tilapia feed

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1675-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Luís Magnani Grassi ◽  
Marcelo Tacconi de Siqueira Marcos ◽  
Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Rubrivivax Gelatinosus ◽  
Experimental Treatments

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research was to investigate the progress of the rancidity in Nile tilapia diets containing bacterial biomass of Rubrivivax gelatinosus . Six experimental treatments comprised basal diet (negative control), diet with asthaxanthin (positive control) and 4 diets with different concentrations of the bacterial biomass. The thiobarbituric acid assay for rancidity analyses were accomplished after 6 and 12 months of diets storage. It was concluded that Rubrivivax gelatinosus biomass minimized the racidity in Nile tilapia diets in 32.52 to 44.72% at 6 months and in 37.85 to 52.37% at 12 months of storage.

scholarly journals Essential oils as tick repellents on clothing

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Soutar ◽  
Freya Cohen ◽  
Richard Wall
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tick Abundance ◽  
Spearmint Oil ◽  
Oregano Oil ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Tick Repellents

Abstract Essential oils show promise as natural alternatives to synthetic tick repellents, but few studies have investigated their repellent efficacy in vivo or under field conditions. Here, blanket-drags and standardised walks were employed to evaluate tick acquisition by 1 m2 cotton blankets or cotton trousers, respectively, in woodland edge habitats of known high tick abundance. Blankets and trousers had been treated with one of 5% oregano, rosemary, spearmint or thyme oils, 20% DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) (positive control) or ethanol excipient-only (negative control). The number of ticks present on the blankets or trousers differed significantly between treatments: spearmint oil treatments resulted in significantly fewer ticks than the negative controls for both blankets and trousers and significantly fewer ticks were present on the oregano oil treated blankets. For ticks that did attach to the trousers, the rate of drop off within 3 min was significantly higher for trousers treated with spearmint oil or thyme oil than ethanol, oregano oil and rosemary oil. No reduction in repellence was detected over a 24 h period between treatment and testing. The results suggest that 5% oregano and spearmint oils exhibit potential as natural clothing repellents, with an effective equivalence to 20% DEET.

scholarly journals Fermentation and bulking capacity of indigestible carbohydrates: the case of inulin and oligofructose

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (S2) ◽  
pp. S163-S168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The bulking index (i.e. the increase in faecal fresh weight in gram per gram indigestible carbohydrate ingested) with oligofructose and inulin is similar to that produced with other easily fermented fibres such as pectins and gums. Most studies in man have been performed at a level of 15 g/d and more investigations on lower intakes are needed to appoint the least intake for an effect. Concerning short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) most studies have been using oligofructose and points at an increased butyric acid formation in the caecum of rats. In one study on rats with inulin high caecal proportions of propionic acid were obtained. As inulin has a higher molecular weight than oligofructose it might be speculated if this could be a reason to the different SCFA-profile formed. No effects on faecal concentrations of SCFA in humans have been revealed with inulin and oligofructose, which neither is expected as most of the SCFA formed during the fermentation already has been absorbed or utilized by the colonic mucosa.

scholarly journals Effects of medium-chain fatty acids as alternatives to ZnO or antibiotics in nursery pig diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Payton L Dahmer ◽  
Grace E Leubcke ◽  
Annie B Lerner ◽  
Cassandra K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Oil Blend ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) on nursery pig performance in place of ZnO and carbadox. In this trial, 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200 × 400; 5.4 ± 0.07 kg BW) were fed for 35 d, with 6 pigs/pen and 10 replicate pens/treatment. Upon weaning, pigs were weighed and allotted to pens based on BW in a completely randomized design to one of six treatment diets: 1) Negative control (no added ZnO or carbadox); 2) Control + 3,000 ppm ZnO in phase 1 and 2,000 ppm ZnO in phase 2; 3) Control + 50 g/ton carbadox; 4) Control + C6:C8:C10 MCFA blend; 5) Control + Proprietary Oil Blend (Feed Energy Corp.); and 6) Control + monolaurate blend (FORMI GML from ADDCON). Treatment diets were fed through two dietary phases and a common diet fed through phase three. Pigs and feeders were individually weighed on a weekly basis to determine average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). From days 0 to 19, pigs being fed the ZnO or Carbadox diets had the greatest ADG. These pigs had significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the control or Feed Energy Proprietary Oil Blend, whereas pigs fed the C6:C8:C10 blend or FORMI GML diets had similar (P &gt; 0.05) ADG compared with those fed carbadox. These effects were primarily driven by feed intake, which was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed ZnO and carbadox. Treatment diet had a marginally significant effect (P = 0.078) on G:F. Increased day 19 BW (P &lt; 0.05) was observed for pigs fed ZnO and carbadox compared with the negative control, whereas other treatments were intermediate. Additionally, blood data and fecal scores were collected throughout the trial. On day 21, pigs fed ZnO or carbadox had higher (P &lt; 0.0001) glucose values than those fed the Feed Energy Proprietary Oil Blend, with other diets being intermediate, showing potential health benefits of carbadox. Although ZnO resulted in higher glucose values, it may also contribute to hepatic issues. Although replacing ZnO and carbadox with MCFA did not result in significant changes in gut microflora, it did affect fecal consistency by softening the feces during the treatment period. Overall, these results show that ZnO and carbadox are valuable additives to help maximize growth performance in early stages of the nursery. Some MCFA products, like FORMI GML, may result in similar performance, whereas others restrict it. Thus, additional research is needed to study the effectiveness of MCFA to replace ZnO or feed-based antibiotics.

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