scholarly journals The Characteristics of Liquid Soap with Additional Variations of Moringa Seed Extract (Moringa oleifera L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Andrew Setiawan Rusdianto ◽  
Atika Yulianti ◽  
Sony Suwasono ◽  
Andi Eko Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Free Alkali ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Foaming Power

Soap is a cleaning compound formed from the reaction between fatty acid compounds and alkaline bases. Various types of soap have been circulating in the market, one of which is liquid soap. Liquid soap that has antibacterial abilities is needed by many people. Moringa seed extract is one of the natural ingredients that can be used as an active ingredient in making liquid soap because it can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the addition of extracts and to obtain the best extract concentration treatment on physical, chemical, and organoleptic. The addition of moringa seed extract used was administered at 3%, 5%, and 7%. Data analysis was carried out by applying the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with a significant level of 5%. The De Garmo method was used to formulate the best liquid soap recommendation among various treatments. The results showed that the addition of moringa seed extract had a significant effect on the parameters of free alkali content, viscosity, specific gravity, antibacterial activity, and organoleptic. The best recommendation for liquid soap is a soap with a concentration of 7% with specific gravity characteristics of 1.066 g/ml, the viscosity of 1.983 cP, pH value of 10.53, foaming power of 5.63 cm, foam stability of 94.64%, and free alkali content of 0.023%, and the antibacterial ability against S. aureus bacteria (clear zone) was 19.17 mm.

scholarly journals FORMULASI DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia Calabura L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphlococcous epidermidis

PHARMACON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Freisy C.C Korompis ◽  
Paulina V. Y. Yamlean ◽  
Widya Astuty Lolo
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

ABSTRACT Cherry plants (Muntingia calabura L.) is a plant that has many properties in the treatment. One part of the plant that is widely used is the leaf which contain of flavonoid compounds, saponins and tannins contained in cherry leaves can inhibit bacterial activity. This study aims to formulate the liquid soap from ethanol extract of cherry leaves and test the antibacterial effectiveness of the liquid soap ethanol extract of cherry leaves with a concentration of 10%, 15% and 20% on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Liquid soap formulation of ethanol extract of cherry leaves with a concentration of 10%, 15% and 20% was conducted by laboratory experimental research. The results of testing the quality of liquid soap at a concentration of 10% meet the requirements according to the standards set by SNI namely organoleptic test, pH, high foam, moisture content, free alkali content, specific gravity. Concentrations of 15% and 20% did not meet the requirements for specific gravity testing. The test results of the antibacterial effectiveness of liquid soap ethanol extract of cherry leaves using the diffusion method with way of wells can inhibit the bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% which categorize as weak. Keywords: Kersen, Peel-off mask, Antibacterial, Staphlococcous epidermidis  ABSTRAK Tanaman Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak khasiat dalam pengobatan. Salah satu bagian tanaman yang banyak digunakan ialah bagian daun yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tannin yang terdapat pada daun kersen mampu menghambat aktivitas bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi sediaan sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun kersen dan  menguji efektivitas antibakteri sediaan sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun kersen dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus Epidermidis. Formulasi sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun kersen dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% dilakukan penelitian dengan metode eksperimental laboratorium. Hasil pengujian mutu sabun cair pada konsentrasi 10% memenuhi persyaratan sesuai standar yang ditetapkan SNI yaitu uji organoleptik, pH, tinggi busa, kadar air, kadar alkali bebas, bobot jenis. Konsentrasi 15% dan 20% tidak memenuhi persyaratan pada pengujian bobot jenis. Hasil uji efektivitas antibakteri sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun kersen menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan cara sumuran dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus Epidermidis pada konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20% yang termasuk dalam kategori lemah. Kata kunci : Kersen, Masker peel-off, Antibakteri, Staphlococcous epidermidis

scholarly journals Pembuatan Sabun Cair Dengan Alkali Kalium Abu Batang Pisang (Musa Paradisisaca)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
Lilis Sukeksi ◽  
Masniar Sirait ◽  
Patima Valentina Haloho
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Saponification Number ◽  
Free Alkali ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Banana Stem

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi kalium dari abu limbah batang pisang sebagai sumber alkali untuk dijadikan sabun cair alami.Penelitian ini diawali dengan mengeringkan batang pisang dan dilakukan pembakaran untuk memperoleh abu batang pisang. Pembakaran dilakukan dengan menggunakan muffle furnace pada suhu 550 oC selama 3 jam. Kemudian dilakukan ekstraksi pada abu dengan menggunakan aquadest dengan perbandingan 4 : 25 (w/v) (gram/ml) untuk memperoleh alkali. Alkali ini direaksikan dengan minyak kelapa “Barco” pada proses saponifikasi dengan variabel tetap volume minyak 30 ml, kecepatan pengadukan 250 rpm dan waktu reaksi 3 jam. Sedangkan untuk variabel bebasnya suhu reaksi 60 oC, 70 oC, 80 oC, 90 oC, volume alkali 40 ml,50 ml, 60 ml, 70 ml.Respon yang diamati adalah Keasaman (pH), densitas, bilangan penyabunan dan alkali bebas. Hasil yang terbaik diperoleh pada suhu 80 oC dan volume alkali 70 ml dengan pH 10,1, densitas 1,064 gr/ml,bilangan penyabunan 198,939dan kadar alkali bebasnya 0,0840% This study aimed to determine the potential of potassium from the ashes of banana stem waste as a source of alkali to be used as natural liquid soap. This study was initiated by drying banana stems and burning to obtain banana stem ash. Burning was done by using a muffle furnace at a temperature of 550 oC for 3 hours. Then the extraction on ash using aquadest with a ratio of 4: 25 (w / v) (gram / ml) was conducted to obtain alkali. Alkali was reacted with coconut oil "Barco" in the saponification process with a variable constant oil volume of 30 ml, stirring speed of 250 rpm and reaction time of 3 hours. As for the independent variables the reaction temperature is 60oC, 70 oC, 80 oC, and 90 oC, the volume of alkaline 40 ml, 50 ml, 60 ml, and 70 ml. The response observed was acidity (pH), density, saponification and free alkali. The best results were obtained at 80 oC and the volume of 70 ml alkali with pH 10.1, density 1.064 gr/ml, saponification number 198.939 and free alkali content 0.0840% 

scholarly journals FORMULATION OF LIQUID HAND SOAP MADE FROM NEEM SEED OIL AND LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Fina Uzwatania ◽  
Riska Surya Ningrum ◽  
Sri Resti O
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Stability Range ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

The COVID-19 outbreak has overly emphasised the importance of handwashing with soap to reduce the spread of the virus. This study was conducted to formulate a liquid hand soap with neem oil and lemongrass essential oil as an natural antibacterial component. Three different concentrations of neem oil 5%; 10% and 15% and three different concentration of lemongrass essential oil (0.2%; 0.4%;0.6%) were formulated as liquid soap using coconut oil, castor oil and neem oil as its soap bases. The natural liquid soap was made by saponification reaction between oils and potassium hydroxide. The soap was evaluated for its pH value, density, foam stability, insoluble in alcohol content, free fatty acid and antibacterial activity. The results showed that the colour of the liquid soap was transparent with yellowish colored and had distinctive smell of neem oil. The pH values of the different formulated liquid hand soaps are within the accepted pH range of 4 - 10. The specific gravity was 1,083 – 1,088 g/ml. The foam stability range was 25.35% - 78.38%, respectively. The insoluble in alcohol content range were 0.14 – 0.4. The free caustic alkali range was  0.12 – 0.47.  The liquid hand soap can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition zone diameter of liquid hand soap was 1.98- 2.61 cm. It was therefore proven that neem oil and lemongrass essensial oil is effective as an antibacterial component in the formulation of liquid hand soap.

scholarly journals LIQUID SOAP WITH ADDITIONS SARGASSUM (Sargassum polycystum) EXTRACT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Allya Zahra ◽  
Irfan Restu Fauzan ◽  
Intan Oktavia D ◽  
Setyaningrum Setyaningrum ◽  
Sujuliyani Sujuliyani
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Sargassum Polycystum ◽  
Biological Tests

Research on making Sargassum soap with the addition of Sargassum polycystum seaweed was carried out for 2 months at the Jakarta College of Fisheries. This study aims to determine the flow of the Sargassum polycystum soap making process, find out how to make Sargassum polycystum soap extracts, determine the quality of liquid soap produced through sensory, chemical and biological tests. This research uses direct research methods. Research results show that the process of making liquid soap extracts include: preparation of raw materials, maceration, evaporation, rinsing and drying. The process of making liquid soap, among others, by adding chemicals include: texafon S, sodium sulfate, aquades, texafon EVR, glycerin, olive oil Sargassum extract, perfume. Based on the results of sensory testing of soap by adding the concentration of Sargassum extract with soap that did not get the addition of Sargassum, it has an average rating that is almost the same. In addition to knowing the quality of Sargassum, chemical, microbiological and anti-bacterial tests were also carried out. Chemical tests include: Moisture content, specific gravity, viscosity, foam stability, Ph test, and free alkali. While the microbiological tests conducted on soap are: ALT.Keywords: Liquid soap, Seaweed, Sargassum, Extract

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Teh (Camellia sinensis L) Dari Perkebunan Kemuning Kab. Karang Anyar dalam Pembuatan Sabun Padat Transparan dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri pada Staphyloccocus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Iwan Setiawan ◽  
Dwi Saryati ◽  
Astian Astian
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Free Alkali ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Tea Leaf

Kemuning’s plantations in Karang Anyar Regency are famous for their lush tea plantations and good quality. Tea leaves contain several substances including flavonoids, 30- 40% polyphenols, caffeine, essential oils and tannins. The famous tea leaf polyphenols are catechins. Catechins have properties as antidiarrheal, antibacterial, especially against Staphyloccocus aureus bacteria, which is one of the gram-positive bacteria that cause infections in the skin. Based on this, tea leaf extract can be used as a natural supplement in the manufacture of transparent soap products. In this study tea leaf extract became one of the components in making transparent soap by adding tea leaf extract to formula 1 (0%), formula 2 (1.5%), formula 3 (3%) and formula 4 (4, 5%). Then transparent soap preparations were tested for organoleptic and quality quality including moisture and vaporizing soap content, amount of fatty acids, free alkali content and levels of unbunned fractions and anti-bacterial activity against the growth of Staphyloccocus aureus bacteria. Based on the results of the study, it was found that transparent 4 solid soap with 4.5% tea leaf extract content had the darkest color of solid soap, evaporated water and substance content, free alkali content, fatty acid, acidity level (pH), unbonded fraction level and the highest foam stability. Formula 4 solid soap also has the best inhibitory power against the growth of Staphyloccocus aureus bacteria.

Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Zeolit sebagai Builder Agent terhadap Karakteristik Deterjen Cair

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Evi Sulastri ◽  
Ni Ketut Sumarni ◽  
Vitasari Vitasari
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Liquid Detergent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Foaming Power

This study aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of zeolite as a buider agent in liquid detergent. Zeolite was synthesized from rice husk ash using solution to gel (sol-gel) method, followed by hydrothermal and then characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The synthesized zeolite was then formulated into liquid detergent with sodium lauryl sulfate, glycerin, citric acid, colouring agent, parfume, and three concentrations of zeolite, i.e.:  15% (F1), 20% (F2), and 25% (F3). Liquid detergent was prepared by mixing process using stirrer. The characterizations of liquid detergents were including pH, viscosity, specific gravity, foaming power, foam stability, and detergency power. The XRD showed that the zeolite was type-A zeolite. Moreover, the characterization showed that zeolite with varying concentrations tend to influence in pH, viscosity, and detergency power but relatively similar in specific gravity, foaming power, and foam stability. The result indicated that the detergents with zeolite have better cleaning ability than the control (without builder) and the comparator detergents (with STPP builder). The higher the concentration of zeolite, the higher the detergency power. Therefore, F3 was recommended as formula of detergent with the best detergency power. 

scholarly journals Optimization of Liquid Soap Containing Bentonite and Combination of Corn Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil For Cleansing Najs Mughalladzah

2020 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Chairunnisa Mahdi Pratama ◽  
Astri Desmayanti ◽  
Marchaban ◽  
Abdul Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
T Test ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Optimum Formula

This research was intended to formulate liquid bentonite soap using combination of corn oil andvirgin coconut oil used for cleansing najs mughalladzah (extreme najs). five formula of soap designated with I-Vapplying bentonite and combination of VCO and CO with different concentrations. The assessment of sopquality was based on organoleptic evaluation, foam stability, density, pH-value, and total of active component.Evaluation results were analyzed using simplex lattice design (SLD) to obtain optimum formula. Verificationof optimum formula was analyzed using one sample t-test with level of significance of 0.05. The resultsshowed that optimum concentration of bentonite was 6.5% with percentages of corn oil 85.43% and virgincoconut oil of 14.57%. Based on one sample t-test, there is no significant difference (pH > 0.05) from pH-valueresponse and foam stability between the predicted optimum formula as analyzed using SLD and actualformula. Bentonite liquid soap which is formulated using combination of corn oil and virgin coconut oilaccording to National Standardization Body SNI 2588:2017 so that the soap formula could be applied forcleansing najs mughalladzah.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF KOH CONCENTRATION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF USED COOKING OIL LIQUID SOAP HAVING KALAMANSI CITTRUS FRAGRANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Devi Silsia ◽  
Laili Susanti ◽  
Reko Apriantonedi
Keyword(s):  
Foam Height ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Free Alkali ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Used refined cooking oil can be used to make soap. An important factor in the manufacture of soap is the saponification reaction between bases (KOH) and fatty acids. The addition of citrus essential oil to the soap preparation can increase consumer acceptance. This study aims to determine the effect of KOH concentration on the characteristics of liquid soap and to determine the proper concentration of KOH to produce good quality of liquid soap. This research uses a factorial completely randomized design with one factor that is KOH concentration, consisting of three levels ie 25%, 30% and 35%. Characteristics of liquid soap observed were viscosity, foam height, pH, and free alkali content. The results showed that the concentration of KOH effect on the characteristics of  liquid  soap  produced. If  KOH concentration increases,  viscosity,  pH and alkali-free  alkali content of the liquid soap increased. The best KOH concentration is 25%.

scholarly journals FORMULASI SEDIAAN SABUN CAIR KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) DAN DAUN KEMANGI (Ocymum basilicum L.) DAN UJI TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

PHARMACON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Dwi A.K. Nau'e ◽  
Paulina V. Y. Yamlean ◽  
Deby A. Mpila
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Measurement Height ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

ABSTRACTKersen leaves (Muntingia Calabura L.) and Basil leaves (Ocymum basilicum L.) are plants that contain flavonoid compounds, saponin and tannin which acts as antibacterial. The aims of this study is formulate liquid soap in combination of ethanol extract of Kersen leaves and basil leaves and to test the antibacterial effectiveness and evaluate the physical preparates of liquid soap in combination of ethanol extract of Kersen leaves and Kemangi leaves. This research uses a laboratorium experimental method. Based on the results of the study showed physical evaluations such as organoleptics which are dark green and dark brown, Soap pH above 8, measurement height of foam 60-88 mm, calculation of water content was 46%, free alkali content was 0,05-0,06 g/ml, and specific gravity was 1,01-1,09 g/ml. Liquid soap combination of Kersen and Basil leaves extract has antibacterial effectiveness of average diameter for FI 10 mm, F2 10,33 mm, F3 11 mm, F4 11,5 mm, and F5 10,67 mm. In conclusion, the combination of Kersen and Basil leaves extract can be formulated into liquid soap, liquid soap preparations in physical evaluation testing had met the standards set by SNI. Liquid soap preparation has antibacterial effectiveness which is included in the strong category.Keywords: Antibacterial, Liquid Soap, Kersen, Basil.ABSTRAK Daun Kersen (Muntingia Calabura L.) dan Daun Kemangi (Ocymum basilicum L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tannin yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sabun cair kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun Kersen dan daun Kemangi serta menguji efektivitas antibakteri dan mengevaluasi sediaan fisik dari sabun cair kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun Kersen dan daun Kemangi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental laboratorium. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan evaluasi fisik seperti organoleptik berwarna hijau tua dan cokelat tua, pH sabun diatas 8, pengukuran tinggi busa 60-88 mm, perhitungan kadar air yaitu 46%, kadar alkali bebas yaitu 0,05-0,06 g/ml, dan bobot jenis yaitu 1,01-1,09 g/ml. Sediaan sabun cair kombinasi ekstrak daun Kersen dan daun Kemangi memiliki efektifitas antibakteri diameter rata-rata untuk FI 10 mm, F2 10,33 mm, F3 11 mm, F4 11,5 mm, dan F5 10,67 mm. Kesimpulannya kombinasi ekstrak daun Kersen dan daun Kemangi dapat diformulasikan menjadi sabun cair, sediaan sabun cair dalam pengujian evaluasi fisik telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh SNI. Sediaan sabun cair memiliki efektifitas antibakteri yang termasuk kategori kuat. Kata Kunci: Antibakteri, Sabun Cair, Kersen, Kemangi.

KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA CUKA KAYU DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Karima
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
And Chemical Properties

There’s so many pal solid waste or palm empty fruit bunches, but the utilization is not maximized, this research its to optimized utilization of palm solid waste to be wood vinegar and want to know the composition physical properties and chemical properties of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches. Total yield of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches its 15,94 % and total yield of charcoal its 64,58 %. GCMS result showing chemical properties from wood vinegar of burning < 100oC its obtained 19 compound and burning >100 oC its obtained 6 compound. The result physichal properties testing from crued wood vinegar its obtained specific gravity 1,0005 and 1,0010, pH value are 3,233 and 3,186, TAT content are 9,36 % and 11,12 %, phenol content its 0,44 %. The result physical properties testing from wood vinegar which has decolorizatin by activated carbon its obtained specific gravity are 0,9987 and 0,999, pH value are 3,036 and 3,012, TAT content are 8,29 % and 9,27 % and phenol content its 0,01 %.Keywords: palm bunches, wood vinegar, liquid smoke

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