Nature of Conflicts and Their Resolution in Korogocho Slums, Nairobi, Kenya

Majority of the households in slums are female headed and have very low incomes. Survival for these women exposes them to illegal income generating activities including prostitution, hawking and making illegal local brews. This results in conflicts not just among themselves for competition over the shared resources but also with the law enforcement agencies. The study sought to establish the nature of conflicts prevalent in Korogocho slum, Nairobi Kenya. The study employed the Liberal Feminism Theory to conceptualize and analyze the nature of conflicts and focused on two ideals, equality and liberty to explain the consequence of the push factors leading women into slum life. The study respondents were women, local administrators and leaders, village elders, clinical staff and officers from Civil Society Organizations selected through simple random sampling procedure and purposive sampling. Data was collected using a standard questionnaires with both open and closed ended items. There was also a focused groups and key informants interviews. Quantitative data was exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) while qualitative data was thematically analyzed. Findings showed that most of the conflicts were: over competition for scarce resources. The conflicts resulted in physical battery. The slum vigilante groups led in the resolution of the conflicts with limited police intervention. Given that the groups were male dominated, women got little justice. The study recommends the need for the government and development partners to build inclusive community agencies to identify and respond to the common problems facing women in the slums instead of leaving the slum residents to solve them on their own.

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Penerapan Hukum Wakaf Uang di Indonesia Perspektif Legal System Theory

Al-Manahij Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam ◽

10.24090/mnh.v11i1.1269 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 79-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Masdar Masdar

Keyword(s):

System Theory ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Legal System ◽

Legal Culture ◽

Point Of View ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

Muslim Society ◽

The Law ◽

The Government

Cash waqf in Indonesia has been long enough implemented based on some rules enacted by government and other rules defined by The Waqf Board of Indonesia (BWI). However, the implementation of cash waqf has not reached the level of success. Therefore, this article studies the application of cash waqf law in Indonesia according to Friedman’s legal system theory. The legal system theory of Friedman firstly looks at the substance of the law, which is the rules or regulations; and secondly it examines the structure of the law, encompassing the law enforcement agencies, such as judge, prosecutor, police and legal counselors. And lastly the theory examines the element of legal culture, which is a response from Muslim society. The first two examinations indicate that there is nothing to be a problem. But from the last examination there is a problem regarding the trust from Muslim society. From the legal culture point of view, the implementation of cash waqf by the government, which is performed by BWI, needs attracting society’s credentials in order to improve and maximize the performance of cash waqf in Indonesia.

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ANALISIS ABORSI DALAM PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NO. 61 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI

KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.24903/kujkm.v4i1.295 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ferry Fadzlul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Medical Emergency ◽

Rape Victims ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

Community Factors ◽

Law Enforcement Officials ◽

The Government

Abortion is a social phenomenon that is increasingly alarming. The concern is not without reason, because so far the behavior of abortion many negative effects both for themselves the perpetrators and the wider community. With the passing of the Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health still raises the pros and cons in the middle of the community. The approach used to address the problem that the above problems are normative juridical approach. Based on the results of the study need to decriminalize abortion in Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health which has the goal of creating the legal basis for abortion and the experts who helped him as an indication of a medical emergency or pregnancy due to rape, and factors inhibiting the decriminalization of abortion is legal factors themselves, law enforcement officials factors, factors facilities or infrastructure, community factors, and cultural factors. Suggestion that the author should the government needs to review the Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health in particular Article 31 and Article 34 within the limited evidence of rape victims in just 40 days because of the time limit is not relative to the law enforcement agencies to prove it, as well as regarding the evidentiary aspects of pregnancy due to rape victims in order to avoid an impression of legitimizing the act of abortion in any form. Keywords: Abortion, , Reproductive Health

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ANALISIS DEKRIMINALISASI ABORSI DALAM PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NO. 61 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI

KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.24903/kujkm.v2i2.315 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Ferry Fadzul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Medical Emergency ◽

Rape Victims ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

Community Factors ◽

Law Enforcement Officials ◽

The Government

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Rights of the Child

10.1093/oso/9780199470716.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Asha Bajpai

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

International Law ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Civil Society Organizations ◽

Legal Definition ◽

Rights Of The Child ◽

The Government ◽

Definition Of

The chapter commences with the change in the perspective and approach relating to children from welfare to rights approach. It then deals with the legal definition of child in India under various laws. It gives a brief overview of the present legal framework in India. It states briefly the various policies and plans, and programmes of the Government of India related to children. International law on the rights of the child is enumerated and a summary of the important judgments by Indian courts are also included. The chapter ends with pointing out the role of civil society organizations in dealing with the rights of the child and a mention of challenges ahead.

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Self perceived oro-facial behaviour and malocclusion among young adults in Hyderabad city

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2018-0297 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Dasari Tejaswini ◽

Suhas Kulkarni ◽

Dolar Doshi ◽

Adepu Srilatha

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Young Adults ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Face ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundAesthetic alterations in the face can be self-perceived and can affect quality of life in young adults.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of malocclusion on self- perceived oro-facial behaviour among young adults.MethodsA Cross sectional study was conducted among 638 young adults (aged 18–21 years) of Hyderabad city. One college from each of the five zones of the Hyderabad city (five colleges) were selected by simple random sampling procedure. A 21-item Oro-facial investment scale (OFIS) questionnaire assessing self-perceived oral health knowledge, attitude, practice and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) assessing the severity of malocclusion was used. Data were analysed with standard statistical software (SPSS, Statistical package for the social sciences, version 20.0). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMales had higher mean scores for knowledge (2.90 ± 0.49) than females (2.73 ± 0.82) and was statistically significant (p = 0.002*). No statistically significant gender differences were found in relation to attitude and practice. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was a significant difference in all the three scores (knowledge, attitude, practice) with respect to age, with significantly high score for knowledge and practice among 18 year old subjects (p = 0.0001*; p = 0.0003* respectively) and attitude among 21 year old subjects (p = 0.0049*). No statistically significant age, gender differences were found in relation to DAI scores. Upon correlation, DAI significantly and positively correlated with knowledge (p = 0.03*) and attitude (p = 0.0001*).ConclusionThis study has shown significant impact of malocclusion on the self-perceived oro-facial behaviour.

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Reflections on the Relationship between the Government and Civil Society Organizations during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Israeli Case

Nonprofit Policy Forum ◽

10.1515/npf-2021-0003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Hillel Schmid

Keyword(s):

Health Economic ◽

Civil Society ◽

Interest Groups ◽

Financial Support ◽

Strategic Behavior ◽

Modern Society ◽

Civil Society Organizations ◽

Power Dependence ◽

The Government ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The paper analyzes the relations between the government and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. The paper presents the inconsistent policy of the government, which has been influenced by various interest groups and the very limited financial support allocated to CSOs during the health, economic and social crisis. The paper describes the government’s alienated attitude toward the CSOs as well as the reasons for that behavior. Special attention is devoted to the government’s misunderstanding of the mission and roles of CSOs in modern society, especially at times of crisis and national disasters. The paper also analyzes the organizational and strategic behavior of CSOs toward the government, which has also contributed to the alienated attitude of the government toward them. I argue that relations between CSOs and the government should be based on more trust, mutuality, and understanding on the part of both actors in order to change power-dependence relations, and that there is a need to establish more cross-sectoral partnerships for the benefit of citizens.

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Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever Occurrence and Recurrence in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ◽

10.51201/jusst/21/11914 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 381-401

Author(s):

Umar Abdullahi Tawfiq ◽

◽

Shohaimi Shamarina ◽

Syafinaz Amin Nordin ◽

Mohd Noor Hisham Mohd Nadzir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Chi Square ◽

Long Time ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Government ◽

Set Up ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

At Home

Typhoid is a life-threatening disease that has remained endemic in parts of Africa and Asia where its burden is elevated by the inefficiency of control efforts which have been hampered by lack of epidemiological data, among others. In Nigeria, such data is absent in most of the States like Gombe where the disease has been rife for a long time, hence, to bridge that knowledge gap, this study was set up to determine the host-associated risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence in Gombe. A questionnaire that was designed and validated for this location was used to obtain data from 663 respondents using simple random sampling and analyzed using the Chi-square test for association and binomial logistic regression to obtain risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence, respectively. The study revealed that occurrences were statistically significantly associated with the variables for vaccination (χ2 = 39.729, p < 0.01), having houseboy/girl (χ2 = 16.909, p < 0.01), typhoid patient at home (χ2 = 13.393, p < 0.01), hand washing before handling food (χ2 = 22.856, p < 0.01), consuming iced/frozen items (χ2 = 16.805, p < 0.01), boiling drinking water (χ2 = 49.633, p < 0.01), and eating commercially available foods/drinks (χ2 = 27.864, p < 0.01), while recurrences were statistically significantly predicted by „not sure of been vaccinated‟ (OR = 2.962, CI = 1.290 to 6.802, p < 0.01), „not having another typhoid patient at home‟ (OR = 1.799, CI = 0.998 to 3.244, p < 0.01), and „drinking unboiled water sometimes‟ (OR = 2.130, CI = 1.023 to 4.434, p < 0.01). It is believed that these findings will guide efforts by the Government for health interventions against typhoid in the study area, thus improving the quality of life for the population.

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Reading Attitudes of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Students with Bengali Medium Background at the Bangladeshi Private Universities in Dhaka City

Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) ◽

10.3329/jbt.v11i1.34244 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 91-110

Author(s):

Md Shakhawat Hossain

Keyword(s):

Private Universities ◽

Private University ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Reading Attitudes ◽

Business Administration ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Extensive Reading ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Teacher Interviews

The study basically aims at uncovering the reading attitudes of the Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) students of the Bangladeshi English medium private universities. It has been observed that the private university students, coming from Bengali-medium colleges, read very little in English and consequently they hardly grow up as better readers. The study has used both quantitative and qualitative methods. For collecting quantitative data, a structured questionnaire was administered among the sampling respondents, 120 BBA students from six private universities located in Dhaka city, selected using simple random sampling procedure. On the contrary, for gathering qualitative data, the researcher depended on a number of classroom observations, focus group discussions (FGDs) that took place among 20 different BBA students divided into two groups, and teacher interviews (10 teachers). It is revealed from the study that the students have mixed attitudes towards reading. In some cases, they have been found enthusiastic readers who read due to their passion for reading or for having pleasure out of reading. However, in many cases, they have affirmed that they become anxious and bored of extensive reading. Besides, they mainly read for passing the examinations or obtaining good grades. Finally, it has been unearthed that both teachers and reading materials play vital roles in developing learners reading attitudes.Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.11(1-2) 2016; 91-110

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“Clean and green — That’s the way we like it”

Journal of Language and Politics ◽

10.1075/jlp.3.3.07teo ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 485-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Peter Teo

Keyword(s):

National Identity ◽

Physical Space ◽

Educational Discourse ◽

Scarce Resources ◽

Discursive Strategies ◽

Political Ideologies ◽

The People ◽

National Campaigns ◽

The Government ◽

Management And Conservation

This paper focuses on the discursive strategies used by the Singapore government to construct national identity and solidarity on the basis of a ‘clean and green’ environment. By analysing the slogans used in the Clean and Green Week campaign in terms of the use of pronouns and the pragmatic notion of ‘politeness’, the paper shows that the people of Singapore are not only persuaded to ‘buy’ the idea of environmentalism, but also to buy into the ideology of national identity and unity being derived (in part) from the proper management and conservation of Singapore’s scarce resources and limited physical space. The paper concludes with a discussion on how national campaigns such as the Clean and Green Week constitutes a form of political discourse, where public educational discourse becomes a veiled medium through which socio-political ideologies are produced and propagated. With the government treading the fine line between information and manipulation where ‘greening’ a country becomes a scaffolding for building a nation, a study like this offers interesting insights into the interplay between the language of politics and the politics of language.

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LOBBYING IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRIORITIES OF UKRAINE

"EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity" ◽

10.37128/2411-4413-2020-1-4 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 53-69

Author(s):

Olena GOLOVNYA

Keyword(s):

Regional Integration ◽

Trade Unions ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Civil Society Organizations ◽

Modern World ◽

Business And Society ◽

Electoral Campaigns ◽

The Usa ◽

The Government

The article is devoted to the research of lobbying activities as an important component of the process of forming the state policy of socio-economic development. The author emphasizes that the Ukrainian economy has a high dependence on the external environment, as well as high sensitivity to global economic fluctuations. In turn, the openness of the country's economy is a significant factor in its involvement in modern value chains, global and regional integration. It is determined that securing a full-fledged public-private partnership in the modern world requires lobbying as a deliberate influence on the public by the authorities in order to make a number of economic decisions. The study found that the structure of the phenomenon of "lobbying" includes three main components: object, subject, technology. Thus, lobbying in the modern world appears to be a complex process of purposeful influence on the government in order to obtain the desired solution. The purpose of lobbying structures activities is often a series of decisions, in which the adoption of laws concerning economic activity and investment, innovation, and customs policies is of great importance. It is revealed that lobbying requires an extensive network of institutions and organizations - from trade unions and business owners to the media and civil society organizations. Significant influence on the advancement of national socio-economic priorities is exercised by consulting firms, mass media, non-state think tanks, various industry associations. Lobbying in developed countries is a tool for cooperation and communication that leads to progressive decisions that are beneficial to both business and society. This confirms the progressive experience of the USA and the EU. The study draws attention to the fact that Ukraine mainly practices shadow lobbying, since the activities of domestic lobbyists are not regulated by any legislative acts. This is explained by the fact that our business and political leaders benefit from such interaction when large financial and industry groups sponsor, large decision-makers and expensive electoral campaigns.

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