scholarly journals „ОБЩ ЯЗИК С ВИРАЖЕНИЕ НАРОДНО“. ЕЗИКОВИТЕ НОРМИ В ПРЕВОДА НА А. ГРАНИТСКИ „ЗА ТРЪГОВСКО ПИСМОПИСАНЇЕ“, 1858 Г. (С ОГЛЕД НА ПРИЛАГАТЕЛНИТЕ И ЧИСЛИТЕЛНИТЕ ИМЕНА, МЕСТОИМЕНИЯТА И ГЛАГОЛИТЕ) / ОБЩ ЯЗИК С ВИРАЖЕНИЕ НАРОДНО. THE LANGUAGE NORMS IN THE TRANSLATION OF A. GRANITSKI’S ЗА ТРЪГОВСКО ПИСМОПИСАНЇЕ (ON COMMERCIAL LETTER WRITING), 1858 (WITH A VIEW TO ADJECTIVES, NUMERALS, PRONOUNS AND VERBS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (68.04) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Nadka Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Linguistic Means ◽  
Business Correspondence

The article presents the results of a study on the contribution of Anastas Granitski to building the structural basis and spelling and language norms of the Bulgarian literary language of the Revival period. The subject of observation is a part of the translation of the 1858 Тръговско рѫководство (Commercial Guidebook) titled За тръговско писмописанїе (On Commercial Letter Writing), a practical guide for keeping business correspondence. The author studies adjectives, numerals, pronouns and verbs. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the text reveals significant convergence of written and spoken language. The author traces the translator’s efforts to adopt widely-used linguistic means that would make the language of his work modern and universal – a part of the process of establishing a new Bulgarian language norm. Keywords: Bulgarian Revival, modern Bulgarian literary language, epistolary style, linguistic and spelling norms

scholarly journals „ОБЩ ЯЗИК С ВИРАЖЕНИЕ НАРОДНО“. ЕЗИКОВИТЕ НОРМИ В ПРЕВОДА НА А. ГРАНИТСКИ „ЗА ТРЪГОВСКО ПИСМОПИСАНЇЕ“, 1858 Г. (С ОГЛЕД НА СЪЩЕСТВИТЕЛНИТЕ ИМЕНА) / ОБЩ ЯЗИК С ВИРАЖЕНИЕ НАРОДНО. THE LANGUAGE NORMS IN THE TRANSLATION OF A. GRANITSKI’S ЗА ТРЪГОВСКО ПИСМОПИСАНЇЕ (ON COMMERCIAL LETTER WRITING), 1858

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 108-119
Author(s):  
Nadka Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Letter Writing ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Original Works ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Number Case ◽  
Business Correspondence

he article presents the results of a study on the contribution of Anastas Granitski, one of the most active translators of popular and widely read literary works, to building the structural basis and spelling and language norms of the Bulgarian literary language of the Revival period. The subject of observation is a part of the translation of the 1858 Тръговско рѫководство (Commercial Guidebook) titled За тръговско писмописанїе (On Commercial Letter Writing), a practical guide for keeping business correspondence. The author analyses nouns with respect to the categories of gender, number, case and definiteness/indefiniteness. The study of the forms helps to identify the original works the translator complied with: the grammars by Neofit Rilski (1835) and Ivan Bogorov (1844). Keywords: Bulgarian Revival, modern Bulgarian literary language, linguistic and spelling norms, nouns

scholarly journals КОРЕСПОНДЕНЦИЯ „НА СВОЙ ЯЗЫКЪ“: ЕЗИКОВИ ОСОБЕНОСТИ НА „КНИГА ЗА ПИСМА“ (1850) ОТ БРАТЯ КАРАМИНКОВИ

2021 ◽  
Vol XXХII A (1) ◽  
pp. 54-74
Author(s):  
Надка Николова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Language Community ◽  
General Audience ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Linguistic Means

The proposed text discusses part of the work of Stoyan and Hristo Karaminkovi „Диплография или какъ ся дрьжять търговскы книгы“ (1850), entitled „Book of letters”. Karaminkovi's linguistic idiom is presented in detail. It is established that the language norms cannot be fully compared with the language norms in texts published before 1850, which were their models: Bogorov's grammar, the language of their teacher B. Petkov and the language of N. Gerov in „Conclusion from Physics“. The general idea of the written idiom of „Book of Letters” is a deliberately sought symbiosis between tradition and spoken language, a conscious and smooth transition from linguistic antiquity to spoken language. All this is explained by the desire of Karaminkovi brothers to write for the general audience („въвъ всеобщо употрѣбленiе“), which phrase from the introductory part of „Diplography“ is indicative of the meaning of the linguistic means – they are as they are in the usage of the majority of the language community.

Features of optative modality in Macedonian language (with emphasis on the functionalities of independent da-construction)

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Kikilo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Text Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ritual Context

In the Macedonian literary language the analytic da-construction used in an independent clause has a wide range of possible modal meanings, the most common of which are imperative and optative. The present article offers a detailed analysis of the semantics and functions of the Macedonian optative da-construction based on fiction and journalistic texts. The first part of the article deals with the specificities of the optative as a category which primarily considers the subject of a wish. In accordance with the semantic characteristics of this category, optative constructions are used in those discourse text types where the speakers are explicitly designated (the most natural context for the optative is the dialogue). The analysis of the Macedonian material includes instances of atypical usage of the optative da-construction, in which the wish of the subject is not apparent and thereby produces new emotional tonalities perceptible to the reader of a fiction/journalistic text. The study describes Macedonian constructions involving two different verb forms: 1) present tense form (da + praes) and 2) imperfective form (da + impf). These constructions formally designate the hypothetical and counterfactual status of the optative situation, respectively. Thus, the examples in the analysis are ordered according to two types of constructions, which reflect the speaker’s view on the probability of the realisation of his/her wish. Unrealistic wishes can be communicated through the present da-construction, while the imperfective construction denotes situations in which the wish can be realised in the future. The second part of the article is devoted to performative optative da-constructions, which express formulas of speech etiquette, wishes and curses. The analysis demonstrates that these constructions lose their magical functions, when used outside of the ritual context, and begin to function as interjections.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS IN STUDYING OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE PR-DISCOURSE

Yazykoznaniye ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
A.Yu. KHAKHALEVA
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Linguistic Pragmatics ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Linguistic Means ◽  
Modern Russian

The article discusses the main approaches to studying the modern Russian-language PR-discourse that represents a relatively new and actively developing sphere of communication. First of all, the researchers of the Russian-language PR-discourse analyze its lexical composition. In particular, they consider the ways of adapting the English-language PR-terms that play an important role in reflecting new objects of extralinguistic reality. Moreover, the linguistic means of this type of discourse are studied from the perspective of linguistic pragmatics. The works in this area emphasize the importance of such way of speech impact as suggestion and the corresponding pragmatic methods that is determined by the manipulative character of the Russian-language PR-discourse. In the light of this peculiarity, the linguists are also interested in the process of mythologization that consists in distorting the connections between the objects of reality and is aimed at creating the positive image of the subject of PR-communication.

scholarly journals Phraseological synonyms in Russian and Moksha subdialects of Mordovia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Valentina P. Grishunina ◽  
Natalia I. Yershova
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Linguistic Means

Introduction. The article describes phraseological synonyms in Russian and Moksha subdialects on the territory of Mordovia. The subject of the analysis is the specific features of dialect phraseological units. The purpose of the study is to present a comprehensive description of the phenomenon of synonymy of phraseological turns in the considered subdialects. Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, it employs various research methods, the main of which is descriptive one. In addition, it uses the elements of distributive and component analysis method. The language material was made up of phraseological units extracted by continuous sampling from the “Dictionary of Russian subdialects on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia”, Moksha-Russian dictionaries and field observations of the authors. Results and Discussion. As a result of the analytical review of the material, it is identified that in the phraseological units of both the Russian and Moksha languages develop synonymous series covered by the phenomenon of variance. The emergence of synonymous series is primarily associated with the renewal of the figurative basis of phraseological units belonging to the same topic. In the process of synonymous development of phraseological units, there is a search for a better image and linguistic means of constructing it while maintaining the unity of the logical side of the concept underlying it. Conclusion. The article is of practical importance, its results can be used in writing teaching handbooks on Russian dialectology, in teaching the course “Russian dialectology”, “Dialectology of the Moksha language” and corresponding courses for students majoring in Arts and Humanities.

scholarly journals Historical development of linguistics’ bibliography in Russia (1860-2013)

Bibliosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
V. V. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Slavic Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rich Information ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Further Development

The interdisciplinary character of the science of language causes great difficulties in bibliographic support in this field. The object of bibliographing in linguistics is not only literature on the language, but also a variety of linguistic resources, which represent a special object to study a branch of linguistics - lexicography. Bibliography of linguistics is the least studied field by specialists among humanitarian bibliographic complexes. The paper first studied the array of domestic bibliographic sources for more than 150 years; the most significant of them are shown. The subject of research is national bibliographic resources in the linguistics field. The objective is to characterize the historical development of the linguistic bibliography in Russia. To achieve this goal we had to solve a number of tasks: identify existing sources for ongoing historical research; to trace the history of forming bibliographic sources, bibliography of bibliographies of linguistics; to form and analyze the body of bibliographic materials; to characterize the problematic areas in the bibliographic software of linguistics. Using the bibliometric analysis it was studied an array of bibliographic products published between 1860 and 2013, the dynamics of bibliographic resources formation was determined, the degree of bibliographic support of some topics and issues in linguistic science and prior directions of their development were revealed. The main results of the study should be considered: 1. The nuclear of fundamental indices on general and applied linguistics is singled out in analyzed literature sources covering the period 1918-1977, as well as in Slavic linguistics for 1825-1981. The complex of current and retrospective bibliographic products was formed and replenished in the country in 1963-1988. 2. The largest share of bibliographic sources in linguistics is presented by book and article bibliography (over 70%), many of which remain bibliographically unrecorded and unused. 3. The following subject areas of linguistics are considered to be bibliographically supported: inter-linguistics, culture of speech and language norms, lexicography, linguistic geography, linguistics regional geography, onomastics. 4. An obvious need to continue the index or database of bibliographic aids in the field of linguistics over the past 50 years is marked. 5. Further development of the linguistics bibliography is impossible to imagine without creating an electronic guide on the bibliographic resources of linguistics, which would reflect the diversity of bibliographical resources and provide their rich information potential for professionals and remote users

scholarly journals Attention to the State Language in the Educational Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 320-322
Author(s):  
Amanullayeva Kamola Muminovna
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
State Language ◽  
Speaking Skills

Abstract: The main idea of the article is to further increase the focus on the state language, to use it wisely, aimed at replacing the educational process in achieving speech conformity to literary language norms among students and pupils. However, the author provided information on how important a teacher’s speaking skills in learning process. As well as, there are some information about speech culture. Keywords: state language, specialist, teacher, student, pupil, public speaking skills, language culture, to increase practice, oral and written speech.

Deaths and Symbolic Use of Language: Semiotics and Thanatological Reading of the Film Nell

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S723-S723
Author(s):  
S. Färber ◽  
M. Färber
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
The World ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Individual

IntroductionPsychiatric disorders may become more severe when the subject is exposed to a hostile environment. Symptoms of mental malaise are expressed by the senses, including speech and language.MethodsThe method is used of semiotic analysis and thanatological movie.ObjectiveTo investigate the limit and death as a trigger of a singular mode of use of the spoken language. The problem presented in this paper is the linguistic system created by Nell.ResultsPartial results show that spoken language in this particular cut, becomes an instrument for dealing with the losses accumulated throughout his life. The life of isolation, restrictions on maternal vocalization, her mother's death and mourning acted as an inhibitor of language.ConclusionThe spoken language works like kaleidoscope of interactions of the individual with their group, with the medium in which it is inserted, with the set of beliefs that nourishes and with the world that she wants there, even if only in your intimate venue. Thus, demonstrating the sociolinguistic approach inalienable role in speech performance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Constraints on multiple center-embedding of clauses

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRED KARLSSON
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Common View ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theoretical Syntax ◽  
Center Embedding

A common view in theoretical syntax and computational linguistics holds that there are no grammatical restrictions on multiple center-embedding of clauses. Syntax would thus be characterized by unbounded recursion. An analysis of 119 genuine multiple clausal center-embeddings from seven ‘Standard Average European’ languages (English, Finnish, French, German, Latin, Swedish, Danish) uncovers usage-based regularities, constraints, that run counter to these and several other widely held views, such as that any type of multiple self-embedding (of the same clause type) would be possible, or that self-embedding would be more complex than multiple center-embedding of different clause types. The maximal degree of center-embedding in written language is three. In spoken language, multiple center-embedding is practically absent. Typical center-embeddings of any degree involve relative clauses specifying the referent of the subject NP of the superordinate clause. Only postmodifying clauses, especially relative clauses and that-clauses acting as noun complements, allow central self-embedding. Double relativization of objects (The rat the cat the dog chased killed ate the malt) does not occur. These corpus-based ‘soft constraints’ suggest that full-blown recursion creating multiple clausal center-embedding is not a central design feature of language in use. Multiple center-embedding emerged with the advent of written language, with Aristotle, Cicero, and Livy in the Greek and Latin stylistic tradition of ‘periodic’ sentence composition.

Folk and author’s fairy tales in the aspect of linguistic consciousness

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Anatoliy L. Sharandin ◽  
Yixin Li
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Folk Poetry ◽  
Individual Style

The analysis of the problem of the relationship among folk, authors’ folk and authors’ literary tales with linguistic consciousness types is presented. The analysis results indicate that the texts of fairy tales are linguistic representatives of creative (artistic) consciousness and correlate with types of concepts. Folk tales reflect the creative potential of everyday consciousness and represent the folklore concept. Authors’ folk tales are interpretative tales that reflect the syncretic (collective and individual, folk and author’s) consciousness and implement the folklore and literary concept. The literary fairy tale itself is a textual representative of its author’s individual artistic consciousness and the reached artistic concept. It is important to take the form of fairy tales’ household into account – oral (folk tales) and written (author’s literary tales), their relationship with the subject (storyteller or author) and focus on the object (listener or reader). This determines the variability and non-variability of fairy tales. Types of linguistic consciousness are associated with the language: in folklore tales, folk language that is not processed by masters is used, in author’s tales, literary language that implements an individually authors’ system of language means is used. In folk tales, traditional folk poetry is presented, in author’s tales – traditionally artistic and artistic poetics. The individual style of folk tales is traditional for folklore and the individual style of literary tales is individually authors’.

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