scholarly journals Women Objectification in Context of Pakistani Advertisements: Role of Personal Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Dr Sheeba Farhan ◽  
Manahil Nouman
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Objectification Of Women ◽  
Self Objectification

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of personal factors on self-objectification that is encouraged by Pakistani advertisements. The objective of the study was to find out the differences in perception of women on Pakistani advertisement based on personal variables i.e. age, family structure, education and employment status. Convenience sampling technique and a sample of 430 unmarried women with the age bracket of 18 to 25 years were included in the study. The self-objectification was measured through the Self-Objectification-Trait Scale (Dahl, 2014).  ANOVA analysis and t test were used through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v 21 for analysis. The findings indicated that there was no significant difference in self-objectification of women, under the influence of Pakistani advertisements, based on their ages and education levels. However, there was a significant difference in self-objectification of women, under the influence of Pakistani advertisements, based on their family structures and employment statuses. The study would contribute to further research to reduce the negative impact of self-objectification on young women.  

scholarly journals A STUDY ON TEACHING COMPETENCY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-513
Author(s):  
Sijila Das ◽  
Nalinilatha M
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Significant Difference

The role of teacher is proficient, be composed of academic, didactic and social roles. Academic roles cover teaching, instructing and supervisory characters and pedagogical characters include instructional, valuation and simplifying roles. The study aimed to identify the teaching competency of secondary school teachers. The investigator adopted survey method to study the teaching competency between teachers from selected government, private and aided school. For this study a sample of 300 school teachers from eight various schools which are situated in Palakkad district selected by the investigator using simple random sampling technique. The findings revealed that there is no significant difference towards teaching competency among selected secondary school teachers with respect to personal variables like Gender, Marital Status, Educational Qualification, Type of Management and Teaching experience. The findings of the study help to discover the teaching competency of secondary school teachers in the society.

Role of Teachers in Building the Concept of Sustainable Development: Success or Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaz Muhammad Khan ◽  
Amber Jamshaid ◽  
Tayyibah Roohi ◽  
Amna Ramzan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Role Of Teachers ◽  
Major Factors

Sustainable Development (SD) is a rich, challenging and thought-provoking construct in social sciences. The main purpose of this paper was to identify and explore the role played by primary school teachers in building up the idea of sustainable development (SD) among students. This paper was intended to identify that how a teacher can successfully execute the concept of SD by influencing students’ minds at the primary level. Quantitative survey technique were utilized for data collection. All the primary school teachers of Lahore division comprised the population of the study. Through multistage sampling technique, 352 primary school teachers were selected as participants of the study. A self-developed SD questionnaire incorporating four major factors (teachers’ awareness, pedagogy, curricular and co-curricular activities) with Cronbach’s alpha value = .93 was used to measure the role of teachers in building the sustainability concept among students at primary level. The results indicated a significant mean score difference among SD scores of teachers, sector wise (private and public). Furthermore, the results also reconnoitered the significant difference (p=.04) between the mean scores of female and male teachers in building up the SD concept in students’ minds.

Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hafiko Andresni ◽  
Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽  
Winda Septiani ◽  
Mitra Mitra ◽  
Lita Lita
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SELF-EFFICACY ON SELF- EMPLOYMENT INTENTION OF RECENT GRADUATES IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-171
Author(s):  
Abimbola Foluso OJAPINWA,
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Self ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Recent Graduates ◽  
The Government

This study investigated the effect of self-efficacy on self-employment intentions of recent graduates. Using the descriptive survey research design, the study population includes National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) members of Ojo Local Government area of Lagos state. A sample of 130 was selected using the purposive sampling technique. The formulated hypotheses were tested using the simple linear regression and the independent sample t-test. The results showed that there was a statistically significant influence of self-efficacy on self-employment intention of Corps members of Ojo local government, Lagos state. A significant regression coefficient was found F (1.128)=29.72, p<.05), with R2 of .19. This presupposes that19.0% of the variance in self-employment intentions is as a result of the self-efficacy of recent graduates. Also, a statistically significant difference in the self-employment intentions were found between male and female corps members (tcal(128) = 2.11 is greater than ttab=1.98, p < .05). The study therefore recommended, amongst others, that institutions and the government should educate and devise a means by which they can increase the level of graduates and students’ self-efficacy which in turn will help shape their intention towards shaping career options after graduation. Similarly, effective entrepreneurship education and training for students and graduates to enhance their efficacy in performing specific tasks and roles of an entrepreneur will go a long way in boosting their self-employment intention and also aids them towards post graduate job creation ability rather than job seekers

Comparative assessment of Placental Weight and Fetal Outcome in Normal and Anaemic Mothers during Intranatal Period in Selected Hospitals in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
. Lalhriatpuii ◽  
Bali Thool
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Condition ◽  
Significant Health

Background: Despite the fact that anaemia during pregnancy is the most prevalent and significant health problem in impoverished nations, anaemia has a negative impact on the placenta and fetal development. The placenta is a growing organ that provides nutrition, oxygen, and eliminates excretory wastes for the fetus while also acting as a protective barrier throughout pregnancy. If the placenta is compromised by anaemia, it has a negative impact on the foetus's growth. Methods and Materials: Comparative descriptive research design was used, 60 subjects (30 normal mothers and 30 anaemic mothers) were allotted and in this study the purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. The aim of the study was to compare the placental weight and fetal outcome in normal mothers and anaemic mothers. The objectives of the study were (i) To assess the placental weight in normal mothers and anaemic mothers. (ii)To assess the fetal outcome in normal mothers and anaemic mothers. (iii)To compare the placental weight and fetal outcome in normal and anaemic mothers. Results: The result of the study shows that 93% normal mothers had average condition of placental weight, 2% normal mothers had good condition of placental weight while in anaemic mothers it was found that 30 percent had average condition of placental weight, 73.3% normal mothers had average condition of fetal outcome, 26.7% normal mothers had good condition of fetal outcome while in anaemic mothers it was found that 93.3% percent had average condition of fetal outcome, 06.7% had good condition of fetal outcome. Conclusion: The study concludes that the comparison between placental weight and birth weight of babies shows significant difference with a positive relationship in both the groups. This means as the placental weight increases the birth weight also increases and vice-versa.

scholarly journals Self-Construal and Demographic Variables as Predictors of Blind and Constructive Patriotism in University Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hulya Ercan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Individual Aspect ◽  
Relational Aspect

The aim of this study is to investigate the blind and constructive patriotism trends of university students in light of the demographic structure and variables. The investigation is performed by using the correlational descriptive model. The purposeful sampling technique is used and data was collected from 390 university students. 225(%57.7) of the participants are female, and 65(%42.3) are male, the age ranges vary between 18 and 26 and the mean of the age is 20.42(SD=1.88). Demographic Information Form, Patriotism Attitude Scale and Relational, Individual and Collective Self Aspects Scale has been applied to the participants. The correlation, t-test, analysis of variance and regression analysis techniques were used in the analysis of the data. The obtained results reveal that, the blind patriotism scores of the participants show a significant difference according to sex. It was found that, the blind patriotism scores show differences according to the city they live in. On the other hand, it should be noted that there is a relationship between the blind patriotism and relational aspect and collective aspect of the self. Also it has been seen that there is a significant relationship between the constructive patriotism and the relational aspect, individual aspect and collective aspect of the self. Finally, it was found that the collective self-aspect, being a man and continue to the education in Sivas are meaningful predictors of the blind patriotism; the collective self aspect is a significant predictor of constructive patriotism. 

Of Mice and Men, and Objectified Women: A Terror Management Account of Infrahumanization

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Goldenberg ◽  
Nathan Heflick ◽  
Jeroen Vaes ◽  
Matt Motyl ◽  
Jeff Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Terror Management Theory ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
The Self ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Management Function ◽  
Mortality Increase ◽  
Objectification Of Women ◽  
Self Objectification

This article offers terror management theory (TMT) as a conceptual lens through which the process of infrahumanization can be viewed. TMT suggests that people are threatened by the awareness of their mortal, animal nature, and that by emphasizing their symbolic, cultural—and hence, uniquely human—existence, they can help quell this threat. The article reviews empirical evidence demonstrating that reminders of mortality increase efforts to see the self and in-groups as more uniquely human. In addition, it is posited that, as an ironic consequence of defensive efforts to rid the self and certain others of any connection to animal nature, people are sometimes stripped of their human nature. The study presents evidence that the objectification, and self-objectification, of women can be viewed from this perspective and concludes that both emphasizing people’s uniquely human qualities and viewing them as objectified symbols can be understood as serving a terror management function.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMEN DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK GREEN WORLD GLOBAL DI BANDA ACEH

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful Amri
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Simultaneous Test ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Banda Aceh ◽  
Green World

This study aims to determine whether cultural factors, social, personal and psychological factors have a simultaneous and significant effect on the purchasing decisions of Green World Global products in Banda Aceh. The sample in this study amounted to 60 respondents. The sampling technique in this study is the accidental sampling technique. Research this done during one month. Analysis of the data used in this study by using validity test, reliability test, coefficient of determination analysis, simultaneous test, formal test, from the results of test conducted found that all cultural, social, personal and psychological factors have no significants effect on product purchase decision making Green World Global, but from the four factors, personal factors have a significants effect on purchasing decisions with the results of the coefficient t count 1,729> t table 1,671 or it can be said the personal variables influence the purchasing decisions of Green World Global products.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SKILLS: AN ANTIDOTE FOR JOB CREATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIAN ECONOMY

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Edomwonyi Edokpolor ◽  
Robinson Osarumwense Owenvbiugie
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Colleges Of Education ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The research is aimed at assessing the important role of TVET on job creation and sustainable development of Nigerian economy. Two research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation statistics, while two hypotheses were tested using t-test statistic. A survey method was employed for the research. A four-point scale questionnaire was employed as the instrument for collection of data. The population consists of 332 TVET lecturers in 3 universities and 4 colleges of education in Edo and Delta States. There was no need to adopt sampling technique, nor select any sample size, since the entire population is of a manageable size. The instrument was validated by two experts and its reliability coefficient value using Cronbach alpha method was 0.81. The research revealed that TVET can equip students with skills for job creation and sustainable development of Nigerian economy. It also revealed that there was no significant difference between the mean ratings of TVET lecturers in Edo and Delta States on the extent to which TVET can equip students with skills for job creation. It further revealed that there was no significant difference between the mean ratings of male and female TVET lecturers on the extent to which TVET can equip students with skills for sustainable development of Nigerian economy. Optimizing sufficient amount of financial resources, regular supplies of state-of-the-art facilities, sourcing for qualified manpower, and organization of advocacy programme, that would help in effective management delivery of TVET were further recommended. Keywords: job creation, Nigerian economy, sustainable development, social skills, TVET skills.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Near Sightedness

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aqsa Malik ◽  
Rabbia Shabbir ◽  
Atteaya Zaman ◽  
Sohail Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Azad Kashmir ◽  
And Control

Purpose: To determine the levels of Vitamin D in children with myopia and to compare them with age matched controls. Study Design:  Case control study. Place and Duration of Study:  The study was conducted in Naseer Memorial Hospital, Dadhyal Azad Kashmir from March 2016 to March 2017. Material and Methods:  Two hundred patients were selected using convenient sampling technique and were divided two groups (group I Myopic and group II control). Myopia was labeled if after subjective refraction a Spherical Equivalent (SE) of −0.50 diopters (D) or more was found. Vitamin D levels were measured by radioimmunoassay technique with Diasorin SR® kit following the user’s manual. Vitamin D levels less than 20 ng/ml were considered Vitamin D deficient following the standards of American academy of pediatrics. The collected data was entered in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 for analysis. Independent t–test was used to determine the significant difference of means between controls and patients. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results:  Mean age of controls and myopes were 10.65 ± 3.9 and 10.20 ± 2.5 years respectively. Vitamin D levels in myopic children were found to be 14.95 ± 3.75 ng/ml and there was no significant difference in mean values of Vitamin D levels in myopic and control group. Conclusion:  We found no difference in Vitamin D levels of myopic and non myopic children and concluded that Vitamin D has no role in development or progression of myopia.

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