scholarly journals Mycobacterium bovis meningitis together with systemic brucellosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuğçe Başarı ◽  
◽  
Elif Tükenmez Tigen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

M. bovis and Brucella spp. are zoonotic bacteria that can infect humans. These pathogens are usually seen in people who are primarily engaged in animal husbandry and consume infected animal products separately. Although our country is endemic for tuberculosis and brucellosis, it is rare to detect these two pathogens concomitantly. Thus, the case is instructive and unusual in terms of the coexistence of two concomitant zoonotic pathogens. Keywords: M. bovis; meningitis; brucellosis; concomitant.

scholarly journals Oxytetracycline and Monensin Uptake by Tifton 85 Bermudagrass from Dairy Manure-Applied Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Sheldon S. Hilaire ◽  
Barbara Bellows ◽  
Jeff A. Brady ◽  
James P. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Plant Matter

To address concerns regarding the potential impact of antibiotic use in animal husbandry on antibiotic resistance in humans, we conducted a greenhouse-based study examining uptake of the veterinary antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and monensin (MON) by Tifton 85 Bermudagrass (T85), the most commonly grown forage grass in the southeastern U.S.A. Since oxytetracycline is used in both veterinary and human medicine, its accumulation in animal products could impact human resistance to this antibiotic. Monensin is not used in human medicine but has a high potential for accumulating in the environment. Our research examined antibiotic uptake by forage grass T85, the effect of dairy manure application on its uptake, and antibiotic retention in soil. We compared unspiked, wet dairy manure to wet dairy manure spiked with MON or OTC that was soil surface applied to pots or incorporated into soil. After 6 wk, plant stem/leaf and root tissue, as well as soil samples, were assessed for antibiotic residues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results confirmed Tifton 85 MON and OTC uptake. Six weeks after adding the antibiotics, the greatest plant matter OTC and MON contents were 157.9 ± 70.6 and 234.4 ± 19.6 µg kg−1, respectively, and 17.6 and 369.5 µg kg−1, respectively, for soil. When spiked with OTC, manure incorporation led to decreased OTC uptake by T85 tissue. Bioaccumulation of these antimicrobials in livestock and in the environment is a potential concern for animal, environmental, and human health.

scholarly journals Determination of Isolated Salmonella Bacteria from Infected Animal Husbandry of Malayer City with using Molecular Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Alireza Khakzad ◽  
Fatemeh Keshavarzi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sequence Elements ◽  
Pcr Method

Salmonella species are gram negative bacteria and members of Enterobacteriaceae family. It has a rod-shaped appearance; it is catalase positive, oxidase negative, non-spore. Salmonella classified into two species, Salmonella Enterica and Salmonella Bangori. Salmonella is now one of the main reasons of diarrhea and vomiting in humans in many countries and especially in industrialized. In a study in Japan 164 Salmonella digestions were collected during 2006 to 2008 which 81 digestions were Salmonella Infantis. Salmonella-specific characteristics are studied in the two phenotype and genotype methods. In this research, with using genotype methods based on PCR, genetic diversity was evaluated; this PCR includes rep-PCR based on repetitive sequence elements (method was done by the use of three primers ERIC, REP and BOX). Studied showed most isolated strains were relevant to Salmonella Enteritidis and dendorogram study showed that the bacteria were grouped in one cluster in dendrogram that all 37 strains were put in a large cluster of Salmonella’s type which is divided into two clusters: Salmonella Enterica and Bongori. The results also in this experiment reflect the efficiency of rep-PCR method by using three ERIC, REP and BOX primers.

scholarly journals Host-parasite translocation: A potential source of zoonoses emergence in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 283-295
Author(s):  
Temitope Emmanuel Arotolu ◽  
Ayodele Olaolu Oladejo ◽  
Ayodeji Moses Arojo
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Cost Of Disease ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Host Parasite

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that are spread between animals and people. These diseases are transmitted to humans in many ways, such as direct contacts, indirect contacts, vector-borne, foodborne, and inhalation. Translocation and introduction of animals to new geographic regions correspond to increased human global travel and commerce as underlying factors for infectious disease emergence. In this review, we examined some potential notable driving mechanism of zoonosis in Nigeria. The population explodes, and demand for animal products has resulted in the expansion of animal trade, both local and international, animal and human movements, and intensification of livestock production systems. The above mentioned have an indirect role in zoonotic disease distribution. Animal husbandry, wildlife hunting, and hunting with dogs are potential routes of parasite translocation, most notably when infected animals are killed. Zoonotic diseases cause severe economic loss in the pathogenic spoilage of milk, contaminated animal products, carcass quality, weight loss, infertility, and loss of animal population. The cost of disease control decreases in household income due to a reduction in livestock/product sales. Also, consumption impacts due to reduced food availability, increased household vulnerability where livestock is used as a risk-coping mechanism, and effects on household finance, which influences household savings. Our suggestions for future effective zoonoses control include, an improved surveillance system, well-structured quarantine services, institutionalized one health approach, public enlightenment, interdisciplinary research, and ultimately a strict conservation rules and regulation may be turned into law to avoid transmission of Zoonosis through the consumption of wild animal which is most reservoir of causative pathogen.

scholarly journals Yield and sward composition responses of a native grassland to compost application

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Daniel Diaz ◽  
István Csízi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Rich Flora ◽  
Experimental Plots

A major part of the animal products are based on the grasslands, due to the fact that the grassland ecosystems can be found all over the globe. In places where economical and successful crop production cannot be realized, the grassland based animal husbandry can be an efficient way of food production. In addition these ecosystems have an important role in carbon sequestration, and with their rich flora – and the fauna connected to it – in conservation of biodiversity. The protection of nature, and the sustainable agriculture is getting more and more attention in the European Union, but looking at the consumers’ needs, the production of healthy food cannot be neglected either. Because of these facts, the effects of two specific composts - which are officially authorized in organic farming, in Agri-environment Schemes and Natura 2000 programs – on grass yields and sward compositions were investigated in a field trial. The investigation took place in Hungary, on a natural grassland based on solonetz soil. The first type of compost was a natural one (N) without any additional material and the other one was enriched in phosphorus (E). Both was produced by the research institute, made of sheep manure. Three rates of compost (10 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1,30 t ha-1) were tested on 3 m×10 m experimental plots. Every treatments had four replications and both type of compost had four-four control plots too, this way 32 experimental plots were included in the investigations. The yield of the pasture was harvested two-times (in May and in September) and before cutting the plots measurements on botanical compositions were made. Samples for laboratory analysis were also taken. Dry matter yield and crude protein content was measured in laboratory and with the received data the yield per unit area was calculated. Based on the research results we can say that the application of compost in any dose inflicts higher dry material and crude protein yield. The changes were partly due to some positive changes in sward composition, because of the better nutrient conditions. The research results indicate, that use of organic compost can be an efficient way to increase grass yields in a sustainable way.

scholarly journals Application of insecticides in industrial animal breeding

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
A. P. Paliy ◽  
A. M. Mashkey ◽  
N. V. Sumakova ◽  
V. V. Gontar ◽  
A. P. Paliy
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Resistance To Insects ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Causative Agents

Entomoses of farm animals are widespread in the territory of Ukraine and cause significant economic losses to animal husbandry. It is established that the sick animals have reduced milk, meat and wool productivity, breeding qualities; weakened young animals, which are easily exposed to various diseases of infectious and non-infectious etiology, are born. Among all modern methods and means for artificial reduction of the number of insects, the most effective is the chemical method. To protect animals from midges the most cost-effective is the spraying of animals with insecticides and repellents. The analysis of the presented literature data allows us to say that sufficiently large range of effective preparations of both domestic and foreign production is presented on the market of disinsection agents. However, it has been reported that resistance to insects has formed for most of them, some of the products are highly toxic to warm-blooded animals, and also they are quite expensive and their use is economically unjustified. Great scientific and practical importance has the development of modern methods of combating the causative agents of farm animal entomoses based on strict regulations for treatment-and-prophylactic means, which make it possible to reduce the number of parasites to an economically intangible level, prevent environmental pollution by pesticides, and obtain safe animal products of high sanitary quality. The insecticide market has a fairly large range of efficient products, both domestic and foreign, but most of them do not meet modern challenges and advanced livestock technologies. At the present stage of the disinfectology development, the search for new compositions of chemical compounds for disinsection in animal husbandry to combat harmful insects is promising

scholarly journals Energy assessment of livestock production

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Special) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Leonid Andreev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Energy Capacity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Energy Flows

The article provides information on the analysis of energy costs, energy intensity and energy efficiency of livestock enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. The problem of determining the economically feasible ratio between the energy expended for the production of certain products and the amount of products produced is considered, and the questions that can be answered when solving this problem are considered. The scheme of energy flows in the technological cycle of animal husbandry, as well as the dependence of energy intensity and energy efficiency of the production of animal products has been analyzed. Keywords: ENERGY CAPACITY OF LIVESTOCK, ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF LIVESTOCK, ECONOMY OF RESOURCES, ENERGY COSTS

scholarly journals Biological capacity of Mongolian native cattle

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Т. Балдан
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Total Labor

Unique biological quality of Mongolian livestock that helps the animal withstand the cold and feed shortage seasons in despite of feeding pasture plants only for all year round is an evidence of its pasture usability. Better growth of hair and wool of hardy Mongolian livestock, which are able to grow under severe natural and climatic conditions, during summer and autumn, and fibers appeared around the hair base during cold season make the animals resistant to cold. Mongolia has a long tradition of raising livestock in the vast territory. This is based on a system of pastoral herding consisting of five kinds of livestock. Mongolians have specific, historical traditions of nomadic ways for pastoral animal breeding. Since ancient times they are bred the five kinds of livestock with unique capabilities, adapted to four seasons grazing under harsh natural and climatic conditions of Central Asian mountainous and used their benefits. Although Mongolian livestock breeds are well adapted to harsh weather conditions, their productivity is not especially high. Animal husbandry is the fundamental source of food consumption and raw materials for the national economy, contributing 20% of the total GDP. Livestock workers make up 34.5% of the total labor force. The livestock sector is responsible for 90% of total agricultural production and comprises 12.5% of all exports. Currently, Mongolia has: 2 breeds and 2 strains of horses, 4 breeds of camel, 3 breeds and 1 breeding group of cattle, 13 breeds, 3 breed groups and 3 breeding races and 3 strains of sheep and 7 breeds, 4 strains of goats forming genetic resources of Mongolian livestock. The main products of the livestock sector are meat, milk, wool, cashmere and hides. Due to the harsh climatic conditions of Mongolian livestock, their wools grow well in the summer and autumn, and during the cold season, cashmere is covered with cashmere and they are resistant to cold. Mongolians have specific historical traditions of managing nomadic husbandry of five types of livestock populations, which are adapted to all year round grazing under severe natural and climatic conditions of Central Asian plateau, growing and breeding of wealth producing livestock populations and utilizing their animal products since ancient times.

Epidemiology of Hepatitis E in England and Wales: A 10-Year Retrospective Surveillance Study, 2008–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (5) ◽  
pp. 802-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Oeser ◽  
Aisling Vaughan ◽  
Bengü Said ◽  
Samreen Ijaz ◽  
Richard Tedder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Severe Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance

Abstract Indigenous, foodborne transmission of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV G3) has become recognized as an emerging problem in industrialized countries. Although mostly asymptomatic, HEV G3 infection has a range of outcomes, including mild illness, severe acute hepatitis, and, of particular concern, chronic progressive hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. Public Health England has monitored cases of acute HEV infection in England and Wales since 2003. Between 2010 and 2017, enhanced surveillance using 2 linked laboratory databases and questionnaires on clinical features and risk factors was conducted. There was a year-on-year increase in the number of infections from 2008 (183) through 2016 (1243). Then, in 2017, the number of infections declined (to 912). As reported previously, HEV G3 group 2 (also known as “G3 abcdhij”) is the predominant cause of acute infections, and older men are most at risk. Consumption of pork and pork products was significantly higher among patients than in the general population, but other previously reported associations, such as consumption of shellfish, were not observed. Ongoing surveillance is required to monitor future trends and changes in the epidemiology of the virus. The changing methods of animal husbandry and processing and distribution of animal products needs to be further investigated.

State and forage resources of Sheep Farming in the North Caucasian Federal District

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Р. Оганян ◽  
Н.Г. Лапенко
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
The North ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Local Supply ◽  
Festuca Valesiaca

В статье представлен анализ развития и размещения мелкого рогатого скота (овец и коз) в субъектах Северо-Кавказского федерального округа. Выявлено, что за период с 1991 по 2019 год поголовье в округе сократилось на 26,3%. Одной из причин уменьшения поголовья и низкой продуктивности является недостаточная кормовая база. Основой кормовой базой для животноводства юга России на протяжении многих веков было и остаётся пастбищное кормопроизводство. Многолетнее стихийное использование природных травостоев и несоблюдение режима отдыха привели к ухудшению их состояния: 1) снижению урожайности травостоя до 0,3–0,5 т/га сухой массы; 2) вырождению зональных травостоев из дерновинных злаков (Agropyron desertorum, Agropyron pectinatum, Festuca valesiaca, Koeleria cristata, Stipa pennata), бобовых (Medicago romanica, Onobrychis inermis) и разнотравья (Kochia prostrate, Poterium polygamum, Stachys atherocalyx и др.), их трансформации в менее ценные растительные сообщества; 3) сокращению доли бобовых до 0,1–0,5%, что привело к снижению качества кормов; 4) разрастанию пастбищных сорняков (Eryngium campestre, Phlomis pungens, Salvia aethiops, Stipa capillata и др.). В целях устойчивого развития овцеводческой отрасли в округе предложено провести геоботаническое обследование и инвентаризацию природных кормовых угодий, что позволит получить реальную оценку их состояния, рассчитать нормативы нагрузки поголовья на единицу площади; разработать программу по улучшению пастбищ; создать базовые хозяйства по производству семенного материала лугопастбищных трав, используемых для улучшения непродуктивных травостоев. Реализация данных мероприятий позволит изменить ситуацию: способствовать росту поголовья, увеличению объёмов производства продукции животноводства, повышению её качества и, соответственно, улучшить обеспечение населения СКФО продукцией животноводства. This article deals with Sheep and Goat Farming in the North Caucasian Federal District. From 1991 to 2019 livestock population dropped by 26.3%. Poor forage resources are one of the reasons negatively impacting livestock number and productivity. Grasslands and pastures are the main forage resources for Animal Husbandry in the south of Russia. Long-term inefficient use of natural grassland ecosystems led to: 1) decrease in sward productivity down to 0.3–0.5 t ha-1 of dry mass; 2) lower quality of local swards of sod gramineous (Agropyron desertorum, Agropyron pectinatum, Festuca valesiaca, Koeleria cristata, Stipa pennata), legumes (Medicago romanica, Onobrychis inermis) and wild grasses (Kochia prostrate, Poterium polygamum, Stachys atherocalyx etc.), and their transformation into less valuable plant communities; 3) reduction of legume component down to 0.1–0.5% and, therefore, lower forage quality; 4) intensive growth of weeds (Eryngium campestre, Phlomis pungens, Salvia aethiops, Stipa capillata etc.). To optimize Sheep Farming in the area geobotanical investigation and inventory of natural forage lands are of great importance. Such projects provide information on land capability and limitations for agriculture, livestock grazing and seed production to improve grassland condition and ecosystem performance. These measures are aimed to provide livestock growth, improve the production of animal products, increase their quality and local supply.

The influence of the animal husbandry complex on atmospheric air

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
L.A. Kesheva ◽  
◽  
N.V. Teunova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Policy ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Impact

Animal husbandry complexes are sources of air pollution. In terms of the impact on the environment, the impact of large animal husbandry complexes is comparable to the impact of industrial facilities. In the area where animal husbandry complexes and poultry farms are located, the air is polluted with microorganisms, dust, ammonia and other animal products that often have unpleasant odors. Environmental safety is the most important component of the agri-food policy of the modern Russian state, because they directly affect the quality of life and health of the population. The purpose of this work is to assess the impact of the animal husbandry complex on the atmospheric air. An assessment was made, relevant conclusions were drawn, and measures for environmental protection were proposed.

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