scholarly journals The Effects of Microcredit on Profitability and the Challenges on Women Owned SMEs: Evidence from Northern Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Eva Atu Alhassan ◽  
Mabel Akosua Hoedoafia ◽  
Imoro Braimah
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
T Test ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
Over Time

Women owned enterprises have limited access to capital as traditional banks shy away from them due to the high risk associated with lending to SMEs. Hence, several Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) sprung up with the aim of providing credit to SMEs especially women entrepreneurs. In this paper, the effect of microcredit from these MFIs on profitability of women owned SMEs is examined with data from 199 women entrepreneurs in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. The enterprises were randomly selected from five Microfinance Institutions and categorized based on their economic activities using stratified sampling. Semi structured interview checklist was used to survey the women owned SMEs whilst questionnaires were administered to the Microfinance Institutions. A paired sample t-test was employed to determine the changes in Gross Profit over time after which effect of size was also determined. The results indicate a significant increase in the average monthly gross profit over time. 

scholarly journals DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN LINGKAR NIPAH TERHADAP KEGIATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI PANTAI AIR MANIS KOTA PADANG

JURNAL BUANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Memo Memito ◽  
Yurni Suasti
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
T Test ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Road Type ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat komparasi jumlah aset dan pendapatan yang diperoleh pelaku ekonomi di Pantai Air Manis sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan Jalan Lingkar Nipah. Jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan subyek penelitian pelaku ekonomi. Data dianalisis menggunakan Paired Sample T-Test terhadap 133 pelaku ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menemukan terdapatnya peningkatan signifikan jumlah aset kelompok pelaku ekonomi pedagang makanan, jasa ATV, pedagang minuman, pedagang souvenir dan aksesories, dan sebaliknya tidak terjadinya peningkatan jumlah aset kelompok pedagang makanan minuman, pedagang pakaian dan penyedia jasa. Terdapatnya peningkatan pendapatan yang signifikan yang diperoleh semua kelompok pelaku ekonomi di Pantai Air Manis sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan Jalan Lingkar Nipah. Kata Kunci: Pembangunan Jalan, Kegiatan Ekonomi, Pantai Air Manis Abstract This research aims to look at the comparative amount of assets and income earned by economic actors in the Air Manis Beach before and after the construction of the Lingkar Nipah Road. Type of quantitative descriptive research with subjects of economic actors. The data were analyzed using Paired Sample T-Test on 133 economic actors. The research found a significant increase in the number of asset groups of food traders, ATV services, drink traders, souvenir and accessories traders, and conversely there was no increase in the number of assets of food and beverage merchants, clothing traders and service providers. There is a significant increase in the income earned by all groups of economic actors in Air Manis Beach before and after the construction of the Lingkar Nipah Road. Keywords: Road Construction, Economic Activities, Air Manis Beach

scholarly journals Decision Making Ability of Women Entrepreneurs Involved in Dairy Farming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepanka . ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Singh ◽  
Madhu Tiwari ◽  
Rashmi  .
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Dairy Animals

Empowerment of women is fundamental for the progress of the country. Women play an important role in the socio-economic development of the country and in India they play a dual role. Women of the present day has extended her foot in every sphere and excelled through the same. They have broken the boundaries restricted to the house-hold work and the prejudice that women are homemaker and that they cannot compete with men. Women have increased their participation in economic activities especially in dairy farming activity as a as manager, decision makers and skilled workers. Therefore the study was planned to assess the decision making ability of the women entrepreneurs involved in dairy farming. This study was conducted in Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh and a total of 120 women respondents were selected for study. Decision making ability of the respondents in dairy enterprise was studied under six subheads feeding, viz., breeding and management, health care, marketing and processing and miscellaneous activities. The response was collected by using a pretested structured interview schedule. The result shows that majority of respondents had decision making ability in feeding practices i.e., 68.18 per cent, 52.71 involved in breeding practices, 60.08 per cent involve in management practices, 57.92 per cent involved in health care, 61.46 per cent involved in marketing practices, 42.33 per cent involved in miscellaneous practices as insurance of dairy animals, advantage of dairy schemes etc. Though much of work of dairy farming is carried out by women but extension efforts and capacity building programmes are not generally designed for greater involvement of women and extending benefits to them. Therefore training module for scientific dairy farming can be formulated especially for women to improve their efficiency.

High-Risk Youth Behaviors Decreasing Over Time

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
MARY ELLEN SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
High Risk Youth ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Youth Behaviors

THE EFFECT OF COMIC STRIPS ON SECONDARY EFL STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION AND WRITING ABILITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
M. Ridhwan ◽  
Muhammad Taufik Ihsan ◽  
Naskah Naskah
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Test Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Comic Strips ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
And Control ◽  
Test Treatment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the significant effect of using comic strips strategy toward students’ reading comprehension and writing ability at MTsN 1 Pekanbaru. A Quasi-Experimental by Non-equivalent Pre-test and Post-test Group was applied as a designed for study. The sample was two classes (VIII 3 and VIII 4) consisting 20 students of treatment class, and 20 students of control class. The data were computed using SPPS 20.0 to analyze Independent sample t-test and Paired sample t-test. The finding of this study revealed that there was a significant effect on students’ reading comprehension by using comic strips strategy, it shown on paired sample t-test; treatment class was 77 and control class was 64.5, the hypothesis testing showed the result of post T-test -7.149, then score of sig.(2-tailed) is 0.000, if we act to null hypothesis (Ho) that is 0.05, it means that the score of sig.(2-tailed) was smaller than score of Ho. The data also revealed that there was a significant effect on students’ writing ability, it shown on paired sample t-test; treatment class was 79.6 and control class was 54.2, the hypothesis testing showed the result of post T-test -21.9, then score of sig.(2-tailed) is 0.000, if we act to null hypothesis (Ho) that is 0.05, it means that the score of sig.(2-tailed) was smaller than score of Ho. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. From those data it can be summarized that there is a significant effect of using comic strips strategy on students’ reading comprehension and writing ability.

Upscaling with a focus on microfinance institutions' largest market: women entrepreneurs

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Tetsuro Narita ◽  
Francisco Rojo ◽  
Luis Eduardo Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Market Women

THE EFFECT OF ONLINE VIDEO BLOG ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT OF PASSIVE VOICE IN 4J OPERATION KENDARI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Raden Alifian Setiawan ◽  
Hanna Hanna ◽  
Alberth Alberth
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Online Video ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Post Test

The use of videos in education makes it possible to overcome practical real-world constraints and explore far greater possibilities provided by digital spaces, especially for the video uploaded in online platform such as blog. This study examines whether online video blog as media have a significant effect on students’ achievement of passive voice. It used pre-experimental (one group pre-test and post-test) design. The samples of this study were 10 students at 4J Operation. A pre-test and post-test were conducted by using multiple choice questions as the instruments. Data analysis was through paired-sample t-test. Results showed that there was an increase in mean score of pre-test (49,1) and post-test (63,5). Data from Paired Sample t-test showed that Sig. (2-tailed) was 0.000 which was smaller than .05 which means that there was significance difference in mean score after employing treatment.

Pengaruh Membaca Al-Qur’an Terhadap Kecemasan Pada Lanjut Usia Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha (PSTW) Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Angga Arfina ◽  
Yureya Nita ◽  
Khairiyati Khairiyati
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ◽  
Rating Scale Data ◽  
Scale Data

Lanjut usia (lansia) merupakan tahap akhir perkembangan pada daur kehidupan manusia yang telah mencapai usia lebih dari 60 tahun. Pada lansia terjadi proses degeneratif yang akan berdampak terjadinya perubahan-perubahan diri manusia. Perubahan yang terjadi pada lansia mengakibatkan berbagai masalah yang kompleks baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Kecemasan merupakan salah satu respon yang paling dini dan sering muncul pada lanjut usia. Selain dengan farmakologis, kecemasan juga dapat ditangani secara non farmakologis salah satunya dengan membaca Al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh membaca Al-Qur’an terhadap kecemasan pada lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha (PSTW) Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru. Desain penelitian adalah quasy eksperiment dengan metode penelitian one group pretest & posttest. Sampel penelitian adalah lansia berjumlah 42 orang menggunakan metode probability sampling dengan teknik simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan lembar observasi untuk membaca Al-Qur’an dan penilaian kecemasan dengan Hamilton Anxiety Rating  Scale. Data dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dan Paired Sample T Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh membaca Al-Qur’an dengan kecemasan pada lanjut usia dengan p value 0.002 < 0.05. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan asuhan keperawatan gerontik sehingga membaca Al-Qur’an dapat dijadikan salah satu intervensi dalam meningkatkan spiritualitas serta menurunkan kecemasan pada lansia.

Pengaruh Terapi Dzikir Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Pasien Pre Dan Post Operasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Nurlina ◽  
Nursyamsi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Nursing Services ◽  
Preoperative Stage ◽  
Experimental Group

Postoperative surgery and trauma are stressors that can cause physiological and psychological reactions to the patient. Psychological reactions in the form of anxiety usually arise in the preoperative stage when the patient anticipates surgery and at the postoperative stage because of pain and discomfort, changes in body image and bodily functions. Handling anxiety with spiritual aspects in the form of dzikir therapy is an effort to reduce anxiety levels in patients pre and post surgery. This study used a pre-experimental research design with a one group pre and posttest design study design. The sample of this study was 15 respondents in the experimental group taken by consecutive sampling method. The experimental group received a dzikir therapy 1 time treatment with a duration of 12 minutes. Data collection is done using a questionnaire sheet. Analysis of the data used in this study is univariate and bivariate by using a paired sample t test. The results of the analysis used a statistical test paired sample t test with a level of confidence (α = 0.05). Based on the results of this test, the p value is 0,000, thus p <α (0,000 <0,05). The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of giving dzikir therapy to the level of anxiety in patients pre and post surgery. Researchers suggest that the results of this study can be used as a reference for application in the scope of nursing services, especially handling anxiety.

Pengaruh Penyuluhan Terhadap Respon Psikososial Keluarga Pasien Yang Dirawat Di Ruang Icu Rsud Dr.Sosodoro Djatikoesumo Bojonegoro

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maslichah Maslichah ◽  
Bayu Akbar Khayudin ◽  
Ikha Ardianti
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
T Test ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
The Family ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Psychosocial Responses

ABSTRAK Pasien yang dirawat di ICU pada umumnya mengalami sakit kritis biasanya hal ini akan menimbulkan bebagai  respons psikososial  dari anggota keluarganya. Respons ini dapat berupa respons positif maupun respons negatif. Salah satu cara agar respons psikososial menjadi positif yaitu memberikan penyuluhan kepada keluarga pasien agar ada peningkatan kognisi dan emosi. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode “Pre-Experiment”, dengan rancangan “One group pra-post test design”. Dengan populasi semua keluarga yang anggota keluarganya dirawat di Ruang ICU RSUD.dr.Sosodoro Djatikoesumo. Sampel diambil dengan proses Total Sampling. Variabel independen  yaitupenyuluhan keluarga pasien ICU, dan variabel dependen adalah respon psikososial keluarga pasien. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan uji statistik paired sample t-test, pada tingkat signifikansi diperoleh nilai 0,027 0,05 maka Ho ditolak dan H1 diterimaPerawat sebagai tenaga kesehatan yang harus selalu mengembangkan profesionalisme, perlu mengupayakan agar respons psikososial keluarga yang negatif dapat ditekan. Salah satu upayanya yaitu adalah memberikan penyuluhan kepada keluarga. Dalam penyuluhan akan diberikan: komunikasi, informasi, edukasi dan support. Kata Kunci : Penyuluhan, Respon Psikososial Keluarga  ABSTRACT Patients admitted to the ICU in general suffer from a critical illness usually this will lead to the kinds of psychosocial responses of family members. This response can be either a positive response or a negative response. One way to be positive psychosocial responses that provide counseling to the patient's family that there was an increase in cognition and emotion.This study design using the "Pre-Experiment", the draft "One group pre-post test design". With a population of all the families who have family members admitted to the ICU RSUD.dr.Sosodoro Djatikoesumo. Samples were taken with total sampling process. Independent variables, family counseling ICU patients, and the dependent variable is the family of the patient's psychosocial response. Collecting data using questionnaires. results of research conducted by the statistical test paired sample t-test, at a significance level obtained value 0,027 0,05 hence Ho refused and H1 accepted.Nurses as health workers must always develop professionalism, needs to strive for psychosocial response can be suppressed negative family. One of the efforts that are giving counseling to the family. In the extension will be granted: communication, information, education and support. Keywords: Counseling, Family Psychosocial Response

ANALISIS PENGUKURAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PASCA MERGER DAN AKUISISI PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Edi Edi ◽  
Sylvia Rusadi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Merger And Acquisition ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
T Test ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Current Ratio ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Equity Ratio

<p><em>This paper examinea</em><em>n</em><em>effect of the financial performance of post-merger and acquisition. The financial performance is measured by using ratios, such as return on net worth, return on assets, current ratio, quick ratio, and debt to equity ratio.The samples are firms which did merger and acquisition activity during the years 200</em><em>3</em><em>-2011 and that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data which used in this research is the annual financial report three years before and three years after the mergers and acquisitions by using purposive sampling method. Analysis of the data used to test the hypothesis using paired sample t-test</em>. <em>The results of this study indicate merger firms are having decline performance, debt to equity ratio show significant decline, and other ratios also got decline, though not significant. On the other side, return on net worth and return on assets has significant decline after acquisition, except for current ratio which have insignificant decline after acquisition. </em><em>Quick</em><em> ratio and debt to equity ratio has insignificant improvements after acquisition.</em><em></em></p><br />Artikel ini meneliti pengaruh kinerja keuangan pasca merger dan akuisisi. Kinerja keuangan diukur dengan menggunakan rasio, seperti <em>return on net worth</em>,<em> return on </em><em>asssets, current ratio, quick ratio, </em>dan <em>debt to equity ratio.</em>Sampel yang digunakan adalah perusahaan yang melakukan aktivitas merger dan akuisisi selama tahun 2003-2011 dan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan tahunan 3 tahun sebelum dan 3 tahun sesudah merger dan akuisisi dengan menggunakan metode <em>purposive sampling</em>. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk uji hipotesis menggunakan <em>paired sample t-test</em>.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan merger mengalami penurunan kinerja, <em>debt to equity ratio</em> menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan, dan rasio lainnya juga mendapat penurunan, meskipun tidak signifikan. Di sisi lain<em>, return on net worth</em> dan <em>return on assets</em> memiliki penurunan yang signifikan setelah akuisisi, kecuali untuk <em>current ratio</em> yang memiliki penurunan yang tidak signifikan setelah akuisisi. <em>Quick ratio</em> dan <em>debt to equity ratio</em> memiliki peningkatan yang tidak signifikan setelah akuisisi.

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