scholarly journals Caracterización de los viveros de Pelileo, Tungurahua, Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-82
Author(s):  
Aixa O. Rivero-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Introduced Plant Species

An in situ inventory is made of the native and introduced plant species that are cultivated and marketed in the four Pelileo plant nurseries, and all of their owners are interviewed. The dual hypothesis that the nurseries represent an economic and business option for the integration of women in rural areas and that the use of introduced plant species in the nurseries is superior to that of native species in Pelileo, Tungurahua, Ecuador is validated. The main objective is their characterization. These nurseries are individually organized with less than 20 years since their creation, limited infrastructure, few employees, and low production volume. Half are the entrepreneurship initiatives of middle-aged women and 75 % of their owners do not have professional and technical degrees. They have cultivated and commercialized 129 species that have not been labeled nor is their origin reflected; they correspond to 50 botanical families, the majority of which belong to Crassulaceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, and Solanaceae. Among the species 84.50 % are introduced from America, Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania. The species are mainly perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees. The nurseries are a type of producer-marketer mix with 70.54% of the species being used for ornamental, food, medicinal and forestry purposes, which are sold cheaply directly to the public. Half of the nursery workers are completely dedicated to their nurseries. They have diverse training needs and their suppliers are national. These nurseries promote sustainable self-employment and constitute a strategic response to the limitations of a rural environment, especially in regards to the incorporation of women into the sustainability of a paid living.

scholarly journals Alien plant species on roadsides of the northwestern Patagonian steppe (Argentina)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246657
Author(s):  
Giselle Ailin Chichizola ◽  
Sofía Laura Gonzalez ◽  
Adriana Edit Rovere
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Patagonian Steppe ◽  
Invasive Exotic Species ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Invasive Exotic ◽  
Reference Areas

The introduction of alien species represents one of the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Highway construction increases the dispersal and invasion of exotic plant species. This study examined the assembly process of the plant communities to determine whether the roadsides of the Patagonian steppe represent a reservoir and dispersal source of invasive exotic species. We analyzed the composition of exotic and native species and functional groups present in the established vegetation and seed banks of roadsides and reference areas nearby. The type of dispersal of exotic and native species at the roadsides was also evaluated. Total cover and that of exotic and native species was lower at the roadsides than in the reference areas; however, at the roadsides the cover and seed abundance of exotic species was higher than that of native species. In the roadsides vegetation, native shrubs such as Acaena splendens predominated, along with exotic perennial herbs and grasses which were mainly represented by Rumex acetosella. In the seed bank the predominant species were exotic perennial herbs, also represented by R. acetosella, annual exotic species such as Epilobium brachycarpum and Verbascum thapsus, and annual native species such as Heliotropium paronychioides. No exotic shrubs were found either at the roadsides or in the reference areas. The species at the roadsides did not present a dominant type of dispersal. The abundance of exotic species at the roadsides, both in the aboveground vegetation and the seed bank, may be due to the stressful environment and the characteristics of the species themselves, such as the ability to form seed banks. This work revealed that the roadsides of the Patagonian steppe constitute reservoirs of invasive exotic species, highlighting the importance of identifying them and controlling their spread, with a view to generating ecosystem management programs.

scholarly journals Flowering Plants Preferred by Bumblebees (Bombus Latr.) in the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants in Wrocław

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Sikora ◽  
Paweł Michołap ◽  
Maria Kelm
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Indicator Plant ◽  
Bumblebee Species ◽  
Monarda Didyma ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Abstract Due to fewer bumblebees in rural areas these days, it is necessary to look for alternative habitats for the active protection of these very important pollinators. The research was carried out in The Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, in Wrocław, Poland. In the garden, approximately 2000 plant species were cultivated, of which 185 were visited by bumblebees. Amongst them, 57 plant species were deemed very attractive and were determined to be indicators for 7 bumblebee species. Indicator species for bumblebees ranged between 6 for Bombus pratorum to up to 20 for B. pascuorum. Monarda didyma was an indicator plant to 6 recorded bumblebee species. Other indicator plant species for at least 4 bumblebees species were: Origanum vulgare, Lavandula angustifolia, Rhododendron catawbiense, Phacelia tanacetifolia, and Agastache rugosa. Three bumblebee species were found to forage the most on 11 of the flowering plant species. The biggest group of plants were those which were mostly visited by 1-2 bumblebee species. Amongst all recorded indicator plants, 32% were native species.

scholarly journals Phenological evaluation methods in native plant species

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Arlindo Ananias Pereira da Silva ◽  
Dayane Bortoloto da Silva ◽  
Franciele Muchalak ◽  
Taisa Lopes Lacerda Pereira ◽  
Walter Aparecido Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Canopy Coverage ◽  
Species Being

Phenology is an important tool used for the knowledge and study of native species, being necessary that they are conducted in a uniform way and evaluated the same characteristics, both quantitative and qualitative. In this sense, this work aimed to gather the main studies, proposing a union in the methodology for this type of study. For effective work, five to ten individuals should be sampled by species, checking the presence or absence of phenophases, visually quantifying the percentage of canopy coverage and classifying them as to their occurrence and regularity and finally checking the synchronization of events in species within the community. To carry out phenological studies, five to ten individuals must be sampled, and the presence or absence of phenophases, defoliation, sprouting, leaf expansion and maintenance of foliage in the canopy, flower buds emission, flowering in progress, end of flowering, forming fruits, ripe fruits and falling fruits / dispersing seeds, visually quantify the percentage of canopy coverage, and then estimate its synchronization and classification as to the frequency and regularity of occurrence.

Status Analysis of Linpan Protection in Land Consolidation of Chengdu Plain

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2118-2121
Author(s):  
Ling Li Jia ◽  
Heng Cui
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Evaluation Standard ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chengdu Plain ◽  
Settlement Type ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Status Analysis

In the process of land consolidation in Chengdu Plain, Linpan protection is an important content. At present, some protection types of Linpan have been formed in Chengdu area, such as agriculture, rural tourism, special industry and settlement type and so on. Many protected modes were explored, such as the natural subsidies, in situ conservation, comprehensive development, off-site reconstruction, etc. But there are still some questions, do not pay attention to protect Linpan ecological pattern plate function transformation, the architectural style of hybrid, protection methods are not flexible, evaluation standard is not perfect, the public participation is not enough and other issues, these problems need to be continuously optimized and improved in the future.

scholarly journals Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform: Self-Employment Perspectives from a Case Study of Kimonyi Sector

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Mireille Mizero ◽  
Aristide Maniriho ◽  
Bosco Bashangwa Mpozi ◽  
Antoine Karangwa ◽  
Philippe Burny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Expropriation Risk ◽  
Main Activity

Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform promotes agri-business and encourages self-employment. This paper aims to analyze the situation from a self-employment perspective when dealing with expropriation risk in rural areas. In this study, we conducted a structured survey addressed to 63 domestic units, complemented by focus groups of 47 participants from Kimonyi Sector. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that having job alternatives, men heading domestic units, literacy skills in English, and owning land lease certificates (p < 0.05) are positively and significantly related to awareness of land expropriation risk. The decision of the head of the domestic unit to practice the main activity under self-employment status is positively influenced by owning a land lease certificate, number of plots, and French skills, while skills in English and a domestic unit’s size have a positive and significant influence on involvement in a second activity as self-employed. Information on expropriation risk has no significant effect on self-employment. The domestic unit survey revealed that 34.9% of the heads of domestic units only have one job, 47.6% have at least two jobs in their everyday life, 12.7% have a minimum of three jobs, and 4.8% are inactive. The focus group synthesis exposed the limits to self-employment ability and facilities.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic parameters of a sedge-grass marsh as a big-leaf: effect of plant species composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Mejdová ◽  
Jiří Dušek ◽  
Lenka Foltýnová ◽  
Lenka Macálková ◽  
Hana Čížková
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Dominant Plant Species ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Carex Acuta ◽  
Leaf P

AbstractThe study estimates the parameters of the photosynthesis–irradiance relationship (PN/I) of a sedge-grass marsh (Czech Republic, Europe), represented as an active “green” surface—a hypothetical “big-leaf”. Photosynthetic parameters of the “big-leaf” are based on in situ measurements of the leaf PN/I curves of the dominant plant species. The non-rectangular hyperbola was selected as the best model for fitting the PN/I relationships. The plant species had different parameters of this relationship. The highest light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat) was recorded for Glyceria maxima and Acorus calamus followed by Carex acuta and Phalaris arundinacea. The lowest Asat was recorded for Calamagrostis canescens. The parameters of the PN/I relationship were calculated also for different growth periods. The highest Asat was calculated for the spring period followed by the summer and autumn periods. The effect of the species composition of the local plant community on the photosynthetic parameters of the “big-leaf” was addressed by introducing both real (recorded) and hypothetical species compositions corresponding to “wet” and “dry” hydrological conditions. We can conclude that the species composition (or diversity) is essential for reaching a high Asat of the “big-leaf ”representing the sedge-grass marsh in different growth periods.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Native Herbaceous Plant Species Growing on a Paradigmatic Brownfield Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matanzas ◽  
E. Afif ◽  
T. E. Díaz ◽  
J. R. Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Icp Ms

AbstractPhytomanagement techniques using native species allow the recovery of contaminated soils at low cost and circumvent the ecological risks associated with the use of non-native species. In this context, a paradigmatic brownfield megasite highly contaminated by As and Pb was sampled in order to analyze soil–plant interactions and identify plant species with phytoremediation potential. A survey was first carried out in a 20-ha area to obtain an inventory of species growing spontaneously throughout the site. We then performed another survey in the most polluted sub-area (1 ha) within the site. Pseudototal concentrations of contaminants in the soil, aerial parts of the plants, and roots were measured by ICP-MS. A detailed habitat classification was done, and a specific index of coverage was applied by means of a 1-year quadrat study in various sampling stations. Results converged in the selection of six herbaceous species (Dysphania botrys, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus hispidus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Medicago lupulina). All of these plants are fast-growing, thereby making them suitable for use in phytostabilization strategies. Furthermore, they are all easy to grow and propagate and are generally self-sustaining. All six plants showed accumulation factors below 1, thus revealing them as pseudomethallophytes and excluders. However, L. hispidus and M. lupulina showed translocation capacity and are considered worthy of further study.

scholarly journals Homegarden agroecosystems managed by Salar people on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjing Zhu ◽  
Binsheng Luo ◽  
Ben La ◽  
Ruijie Chen ◽  
Fenggui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Abstract Background Salar is a Turkic-speaking Islamic ethnic group in China living mainly in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County (Xunhua or Xunhua County), Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Salar people are skilled in horticulture and their homegarden (HG) management. They are regarded as the first people on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to practice horticulture, especially manage their HGs, traditional farming systems, and supplementary food production systems. Traditional knowledge of Salar people associated with their HGs always contributes significantly to the local livelihood, food security, ornamental value, and biodiversity conservation. The cultivation of different plants in HGs for self-sufficiency has a long tradition in China’s rural areas, especially in some mountainous areas. However, Salar traditional HGs have not been described. The present paper aims to report the features of Salar HGs mostly based on agrobiodiversity and its ecosystem services. Methods The methods used in this work included semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. A total of 60 households in three townships, 9 villages were surveyed. There are 4–12 family members in each household, aged from 20 to 86 years old. The homestead size is between 200 and 1200 m2. Plant species cultivated in Salar HGs were identified according to Flora of China. Based on a comprehensive survey of Salar HGs and related to background data, we identified and characterized the most important services and functions provided by Salar HGs. Results According to primary production systems, there are 4 different types of Salar HGs, including ornamental focus, product focus, dual-purpose and multi-purpose. In total, 108 (excluding weeds and bonsai) plant species were recorded in Salar HGs, within 43 plant families. The most important and frequently used plants are Rosa chinensis, Armeniaca vulgar, Prunus salicina, and Ziziphus jujuba. About 4 to 32 plant species were recorded in each homegarden. We found that the Salar HGs, as a typical agroecosyste, prossess multiple servcices and functions that directly benefit households according to the field investigation. Conclusion This paper reveals the floristic diversity of Salar HGs. It presents useful information in the homegarden agroecosystem of Salar people, such as HG types and species diversity in Salar HGs. Ecosystem functions and services research suggested that the Salar HG agroecosystem provides agroecosystem services mainly related to supply and culture services. Salar HGs are important as food supplement resources, aesthetics symbol, and cultural spaces.

scholarly journals Hosts of Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) Native to the Brazilian Amazon

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina A. Gómez-Moya ◽  
Talita P. S. Lima ◽  
Elisângela G. F. Morais ◽  
Manoel G. C. Gondim Jr. ◽  
Gilberto J. De Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Raoiella Indica

The expansion of red palm mite (RPM), Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in Brazil could impact negatively the native plant species, especially of the family Arecaceae. To determine which species could be at risk, we investigated the development and reproductive potential of R. indica on 19 plant species including 13 native species to the Brazilian Amazon (12 Arecaceae and one Heliconiaceae), and six exotic species, four Arecaceae, a Musaceae and a Zingiberaceae. Values of the instantaneous rate of increase (ri) were initially estimated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after infestation of each species. Higher values of ri (> 0.05) were determined on the Arecaceae Adonidia merrillii, Astrocaryum jauari, Cocos nucifera, Bactris simplicifrons, Mauritia flexuosa, Phoenix dactylifera and Socratea exorrhiza, and on the Heliconiaceae Heliconia psittacorum Sassy; these were classified as “potential primary hosts”. Lower, but still positive values of ri (0-0.05) were determined on the Arecaceae Bactris maraja, Oenocarpus bacaba, Oenocarpus bataua and on the Musaceae Musa × paradisiaca (Prata variety); these were classified as “potential secondary hosts”. Negative values of ri were determined for the remaining plants, i.e., the Arecaceae Astrocaryum aculeatum, Attalea maripa, Bactris gasipaes, Elaeis guineensis, Euterpe oleracea, Euterpe precatoria, and the Zingiberaceae Alpinia rosea; these were considered “non-hosts”. Species with ri < 0.05 were considered not to be threatened by the RPM. Biological parameters of RPM were evaluated on the plant species with positive ri (except B. maraja) and two native species with negative ri (E. oleracea and E. precatoria). Mean developmental time ranged from 14.7 days on C. nucifera to 21.4 days on Musa × paradisiaca, showing a significant influence of the plant substrate. Immature viability, oviposition rate, net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were affected by the plant species.

Capturing Spatial and Temporal Patterns of NO2 in Cities using mobile and stationary DOAS measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wenig ◽  
Sheng Ye ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Hanlin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Measurement Height ◽  
Weekly Cycles

&lt;p&gt;The problem of elevated NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; levels in cities has gained some attention in the public in recent years and has given rise to questions about the plausibility of banning diesel engines in cities, the meaning of exceedances of air quality limits and the effects of corona lock-downs on air quality to name a few. Urban air quality is typically monitored using a relatively small number of monitoring stations. Those in-situ measurements follow certain guidelines in terms of inlet height and location relative to streets, but the question remains how a limited number of point measurements can capture the spatial variability in cities. In this talk we present two measurement campaigns in Hong Kong and Munich where we utilized a combination of mobile in-situ and stationary remote sensing differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments. We developed an algorithm to separate spatial and temporal patterns in order to generate pollution maps that represent average NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exposure.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We use those maps to identify pollution hot spots and capture the weekly cycles of on-road NO2 levels and spatial dependency of long-term changes and we analyze how on-road measurements compare to monitoring station data and how the measurement height and distance to traffic emissions have to be considered when interpreting observed concentration patterns.&lt;/p&gt;

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