scholarly journals Religious component in the marital sphere: ethnosociological research

Author(s):  
Мадина Магомедкамиловна Шахбанова ◽  
Мадина Багавутдиновна Гимбатова

Происходящие в институте семьи изменения исследователями характеризуются как кризисные, а наблюдающиеся деструктивные процессы - противоречивые. Объектом данного исследования является семейно-брачная сфера народов Дагестана. Предметом исследования выступает межрелигиозный брачный союз и брачное поведение дагестанских народов. Хронологические рамки исследования охватывают XIX - начало XXI вв., и этот исторический период позволит проследить эволюцию отношения к межрелигиозным бракам, от их полного неприятия до толерантного отношения к ним. Методологической основой этносоциологического исследования является принцип исторической реконструкции, историко-сравнительный и историко-типологический методы, шкала социальной дистанцированности Богардуса, которая показывает существующие в массовом сознании городского населения республики установки в различных сферах социального взаимодействия. Полученные результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что в традиционном дагестанском обществе отношение к межрелигиозным бракам, в силу высокой исламизации общества, было отрицательным. С присоединением Дагестана к России заключение межрелигиозных браков становится возможным при условии принятия ислама одного из брачующихся, при соблюдении шариатских брачных норм и обрядов. С увеличением доли русского населения в Дагестане со второй половины ХХ в. отношение к межрелигиозным бракам изменилось, шариатские нормы при заключении брака, в связи с советизацией дагестанского общества, не всегда соблюдались. Исследование показало, что опрошенное городское население ориентировано на взаимодействие в различных социальных сферах, за исключением семейно-брачной, ибо для респондентов ключевым параметром при вступлении в брачный союз выступает вероисповедание будущего супруга (супруги). Однако эмпирические данные показывают, что в массовом сознании горожан существует толерантное отношение к межрелигиозному браку своих детей, в сравнении с собственными брачными установками. Исследование выявило наличие существенных отличий по типу религиозности: наиболее консервативна подгруппа, самоидентифицирующаяся как убежденно верующие, впрочем, как и верующие, хотя процентные показатели заметно ниже, по сравнению с подмассивами колеблющихся, неверующих и убежденно неверующих. Researchers describe changes taking place in the institute of the family as crisis, and the observed destructive processes as contradictory. The object of this study is the marital sphere of the peoples of Dagestan. The subject of the study is the interreligious marriage union and the marriage behavior of the Dagestan peoples. The chronological framework of the study covers the 19th - early 21st centuries and this historical period will allow us to trace the evolution of attitudes towards interreligious marriages, from their complete rejection to tolerant attitude towards them. The methodological basis of ethnosociological research is the principle of historical reconstruction, historical, comparative and historical-typological methods, and the Bogardus social distance scale, which shows the attitudes existing in the mass consciousness of the urban population of the republic in various areas of social interaction. The obtained results of the study indicate that in traditional Dagestan society, the attitude towards interreligious marriages, due to the high Islamization of society, was negative. With the accession of Dagestan to Russia, the conclusion of interreligious marriages becomes possible provided one of the spouses accepts Islam, subject to sharia marriage norms and rites. With an increase in the share of the Russian population in Dagestan from the second half of the twentieth century, the attitude to interreligious marriages has changed, sharia norms in marriage, in connection with the Sovietization of Dagestan society, have not always been respected. The study shows that the urban population surveyed is focused on interaction in various social spheres, with the exception of marital, because for respondents the religion of the future spouse is the key parameter when joining a marriage union. However, empirical data show that in the mass consciousness of citizens there is a tolerant attitude towards the interreligious marriage of their children, in comparison with their own marital attitudes. The study has revealed significant differences in the type of religiosity: the most conservative subgroup is self-identifying as "staunchly believers," and "believers", although the percentages are noticeably lower, compared with the sub-masses of fluctuating, unbelieving and staunchly unbelievers.

Author(s):  
Алексей Сергеевич Нилогов

В статье рассматривается вопрос документальной реконструкции родословной хакасского этнографа Степана Дмитриевича Майнагашева (1886–1920). До сих пор в биографии хакасского учёного С. Д. Майнагашева оставались белые пятна, включая точно не установленную дату его рождения. Несмотря на наличие родословных преданий о происхождении Майнагашевых, отсутствовала научная верификация этой генеалогической информации на материале церковных метрических книг, именных списков и ревизских сказок (переписей населения). Объектом исследования является биологическая родословная С. Д. Майнагашева, а предметом — архивно-документальная реконструкция её патрилинейной части. Источниковую базу составили фонды таких архивов, как: Государственный архив Красноярского края, Национальный архив Республики Хакасия, архив города Минусинска. Впервые в научный оборот вводятся уникальные архивные документы по генеалогии Майнагашевых: по Аскизской Петропавловской церкви — метрическая запись о рождении/крещении С. Д. Майнагашева за 1886 г., метрическая запись о бракосочетании/венчании его родителей Д. А. Майнагашева и В. Н. Кызыласовой за 1877 г., метрическая запись о смерти/погребении деда этнографа А. П. Майнагашева за 1866 г., по Таштыпской Христорождественской церкви — метрическая запись о рождении/крещении отца Д. А. Майнагашева за 1851 г.; сведения из трёх последних ревизий Казановского рода Сагайской степной думы за 1832, 1850 и 1858 гг.; данные о фактах крещения представителей рода на 1854 г. В ходе генеалогических изысканий проведена экспертиза семейной родословной Майнагашевых, составленной в 1970–1980-х гг. топографом М. Г. Мойнагашевым на основе устных преданий и архивных источников. Критический анализ этой генеалогической схемы показывает, что её информационный потенциал нуждается в тщательной научной верификации с привлечением церковных метрических записей и актов гражданского состояния. Дальнейшее изучение генеалогии Майнагашевых будет посвящено анализу родословных легенд, а также генетико-генеалогическому тестированию современных мужских потомков. The article deals with the issue of documentary reconstruction of the Khakass ethnographer Stepan Dmitrievich Mainagashev’s (1886–1920) genealogy. Until now, there have been gaps in biography of the Khakass scientist S. D. Mainagashev, including an unspecified date of his birth. Despite the presence of genealogical legends about the origin of the Mainagashevs, there was no scientific verification of this genealogical information on the material of church metric books, lists of names and census lists (population censuses). The object of the study is S. D. Mainagashev’s biological genealogy, and the subject is the archival and documentary reconstruction of its patrilineal part. The source base consisted of the funds from such archives as: State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Region, National Archive of the Republic of Khakassia, Minusinsk Archive. For the first time, unique archival documents on the genealogy of the Mainagashevs are introduced into scientific circulation: from the Askiz Peter and Paul Church — a metric record of the birth/baptism of S. D. Mainagashev in 1886, a metric record of the marriage/wedding of his parents D. A. Mainagashev and V. N. Kyzylasova in 1877, a metric record of the death/burial of the grandfather, ethnographer A. P. Mainagashev in 1866, from the Tashtyp Nativity Church — a metric record of the birth/baptism of D. A. Mainagashev’s father in 1851; data from the last three censuses of the Kazanov family of the Sagai Steppe Duma in 1832, 1850, and 1858; data on the baptism facts of representatives of the family as of 1854. Within the genealogical research, we carried out an examination of the Mainagashevs’ family genealogy, compiled in the 1970s and 1980s by the topographer M. G. Moinagashev on the basis of oral traditions and archival sources. The critical analysis of this genealogical scheme shows that its informational potential needs careful scientific verification with the involvement of church metric records and civil status acts. The further study of the Mainagashevs' genealogy will be devoted to the analysis of genealogical legends, as well as genetic and genealogical testing of modern male descendants.


Author(s):  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Erdokesko

The subject of this article is the tobacco cultivation in Tauride Province in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The author provides information on the amount of land allocated for tobacco cultivation, types of tobacco, tobacco plants and their owners, manufactured tobacco products, as well as retail of tobacco products. An overview is given to the factors that affected the demand for tobacco products in this historical period and uneven level of tobacco production. The article leans on the vast array of sources, including archival materials from the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea and the Russian State Historical Archive, statistical data, as well as reference material. The scientific novelty consists in the attempt to give a broader picture of tobacco production in the territory of Tauride Province, as this topic did not receive due attention within the Russian historiography. The conclusion is made that the second half of the XIX century marks a breakthrough in the development of tobacco cultivation in Tauride Province, associated with the legislative acts on taxation, as well as construction of new transport routes. This turned tobacco cultivation into one of the leading segments of agriculture in Yalta, Simferopol and Feodosia Uyezds, which have the most favorable natural and climatic conditions for the development of this industry. However, significant decline in the number of tobacco farmers was observed by the beginning of the XX century, as well as the acres of land allocated for tobacco cultivation. This was caused by unfavorable conditions for retail of tobacco products, decrease in yield capacity, quality of tobacco, as well as excess of supply over demand for tobacco products.


Author(s):  
Stella Fletcher

Members of the Medici family were arguably the most-conspicuous social climbers of the Renaissance period. In the 15th century the principal branch of the family acquired great wealth from banking and commerce and used it to exercise political influence in the Florentine republic, but in the 16th century the republic gave way to a principate, with the Medici as dukes of Florence and grand dukes of Tuscany, a transformation made possible by the election of Medici popes. Whether as citizens or as princes, posterity has placed so much emphasis on their cultural patronage that they have often been cast as central figures of the Renaissance as a cultural phenomenon. This article opens with General Overviews, Reference Works, Collections of Papers, and Digital Resources, all of which span various generations of the family’s history, but then follows the example of so many works in those opening sections by taking a chronological approach to the subject. The section on the Earlier Medici takes the story up to the death of Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici in 1429. Thereafter, the article traces the family’s rising economic and political fortunes in the Generation of Cosimo il Vecchio, the initial reaction against their anti-republican instincts in the Generation of Piero il Gottoso, and the more determined but ultimately futile opposition in the Generation of Lorenzo il Magnifico. From that point the story is much more complicated, in part because there was a genuine difference of opinion about whether republican Florence was better off with or without the Medici, and in part because that portion of the dynasty known as the line of Cafaggiolo dwindled to a clerically-led rump. Those clerics were nevertheless the key to what happened next. The first Medici pope, Leo X, obtained titles of nobility for his kinsmen, and the second, Clement VII, ensured that his niece Caterina married into the ruling French house of Valois and that Alessandro de’ Medici, regardless of his illegitimate birth, became the first duke of Florence. Leo is featured among the Children of Lorenzo il Magnifico; Caterina/Catherine and Alessandro, among the Other Descendants of Lorenzo il Magnifico to 1537, the year that began with Alessandro’s assassination by his kinsman Lorenzino de’ Medici. If anything, when Florence rejected its republican past and embraced a dynastic present and future, it created a model that other states followed: many a feature of what came to be regarded as the ancien régime could be seen first in the Tuscany of Cosimo I, Francesco I, and Ferdinando I. Their title may have been inflated from duke of Florence to grand duke of Tuscany, but by the Generations of Cosimo II and Ferdinando II, their realm was becoming a somewhat Ruritanian shadow of its former self, while the economic and political initiative was assumed by the Atlantic powers.


Author(s):  
К. Абоимов ◽  
K. Aboimov

Relevance is determined by the fact that reporting information, the media cause young people certain feelings, views, impressions, according to which young people are formed certain behaviors. Problem: in the media, methods of subconscious influence on people are widely used, when the attitude of society to certain phenomena is formed with the help of stereotypical ideas that are introduced into the news flow, automatically causing a negative or positive reaction to a particular event in the mass consciousness. The author examines the state of moral values of students and their use of the media. It was found that the main value for today's youth is the family (57% of respondents), in second place – a business career (41%), the third – profession and education (39%), material wealth (29%), followed by orientation to values such as health (25%), love and favorite work (22%), creativity (4%) and "sport and service to the Motherland" (3%). The subject of information sites tends to converge with the needs of the audience, but not in all its sections. The most interesting topics for young people are domestic policy (32.4%), family (18.3%) and culture (8.9%). Modern youth in their assessments of the media agree that they are one of the determining in the process of socialization and the formation of value orientations of each individual. As the main consumer of mass media products, young people to some extent force them to shape their work in accordance with their interests and tastes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Rumenov Angelov Milen

Abstract The article examines child protection when travelling abroad with only one parent or someone who is not a parent or a guardian set by national and EU legislation. It analyzes cases when one of the parents does not allow their child to travel abroad with the other one. Methods of protecting the children’s best interests, as well as introducing the substitute consent have been presented. The development of the European Union’s legislation and case-law on the subject are scrutinized. The study also covers the national legislation of the Republic of Bulgaria in the field of protecting the child’s interests. The preconditions that have led to the legislative initiative on the adoption of Art. 127a of the Family Code referring to the court’s consent to a child travelling abroad with only one of the parents are analyzed. Next, there are prerequisites leading to the adoption of the Interpretative Decision No 1 of 03.07.2017 at a General Meeting of the Civil Division of the Supreme Court of Cassation of the Republic of Bulgaria, which develops the framework in the field of granting a court permit for child’s travelling. What is examined are the exact interests of the child that should be protected when the court gives the consent substituting the parental one. The case-law of the subject is followed in order to maximize its improvement in the protection of the rights and interests of the children living with one of their parents.


Quaerendo ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-158
Author(s):  
Henk Th. Van Veen

AbstractThe subject of this article is a collection of letters from Pieter Blaeu to Antonio Magliabechi, the librarian of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany. These letters are kept in the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence. They shed light on Pieter's activities as a book-seller, printer and publisher and do away with the impression which has hitherto been conveyed of him as a man who held aloof from the family business. They also contain important information about the functioning of the Blaeu firm in its sparsely documented 'later days'. Finally the letters provide us with a glimpse of the book-trade between Italy and the Republic in the second half of the seventeenth century, a subject that has so far been studied relatively little. The present article concentrates on one of the many aspects of the correspondence - the assistance which Pieter requested and obtained on two occasions from the Italians in accomplishing Blaeu projects. The first occasion on which he appealed to Magliabechi was when he required drawings for the book on Tuscan towns which was supposed to appear in the series of books on the towns of Italy. Thanks to Magliabechi a considerable number of these drawings were executed, but, for various reasons, the plan was doomed to fail. The second occasion was when the Blaeus were proposing to issue an edition of Petronius's Satyricon which would include the recently discovered fragment of the Cena Trimalchionis. This fragment was printed in Padua in 1664 and Magliabechi made sure that the Blaeus obtained this first edition as quickly as possible. In contrast to the book of Tuscan towns the Blaeu Satyricon was indeed published: it appeared in 1669 with a dedication to Antonio Magliabechi.


Author(s):  
Gulfiya Yu. Sultanguzhina ◽  

Introduction. This article attempts a review of key trends in the transformation of Bashkir women’s social status within the family framework between 1917 and 1927. Goals. The study employs newly discovered data to show some specific features in the marital status of Bashkiria’s women in the 1920s. Materials and Methods. Relevant documents from the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History and the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan served as the main sources for the research; published materials on the subject also proved as instrumental and efficient. The research methods employed include statistical, descriptive, and comparative historical ones. Results. The research indicates that the period under consideration was marked by the struggle of dedicated women to improve their positions in various spheres including that of the family. The struggle was long and painstaking. In Bashkiria, the old ways were changing slowly, and throughout those years traditional Bashkir customs and perceptions continued to play an important role in regulating family and marriage institutions. Such phenomena as polygamy, early marriages (including unwilled and unequal ones), kalym and others were still quite common. Nevertheless, the first decade of Soviet rule in the republic was also a period of serious success marked by advancing the de facto equality of women in the family, and the legislative measures did seek to improve the marital status of women. The analysis shows that in the period in question was witnessing a radical transformation in women’s positions in the family and everyday life contexts. The research allows for a conclusion that the image of a ‘new woman’ in the family sphere was being shaped during the first Soviet decade.


Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
M. Koesmawan ◽  
Darwin Erhandy ◽  
Dede Dahlan

In order to meet the needs of living which consists of primary as well as secondary needs, human can work in either a formal or an informal job. One of the informal jobs that is became the subject of this research was to become an ojek driver. Ojek is a ranting motorcycle.  Revenue of ojek drivers, accordingly, should be well managed following the concept of financial management. This research was conducted for the driver of the online motorcycle drivers as well as the regular motorcycle drivers they are called “The Ojek”. Ojek’s location is in Kecamatan (subdistrict) Duren Sawit, East Jakarta with 70 drivers of ojeks. The online ojeks earn an average of Rp 100,000 per day, can save Rp 11,000 to 21,000 per day, while, the regular ojek has an average income per day slightly lower amounted to Rp 78,500, this kind of ojeks generally have other businesses and always record the outflow of theirs money. Both the online and regular ojeks feel a tight competition in getting passengers, but their income can help the family finances and both ojeks want a cooperative especially savings and loans, especially to overcome the urgent financial difficulties. Almost all rivers, do not dare to borrow money. They are afraid of can not refund the money as scheduled.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Sidorenko

The paper focuses on the definition of the legal status of the cryptocurrency in the framework of the current Russian legislation. The subject of the research is the principal scientific and practical approaches to determining the object of civil rights and the object of acquisitive crimes in terms of their adaptability to cryptocurrencies. The purposes of the work were the search for a universal algorithm for resolving civil disputes related to the turnover of the crypto currency, and the qualification of the virtual currency theft (fraud). By using historical, comparative legal and dialectical methods as well as the content analysis method parallels between cryptocurrencies and individual objects of civil rights (a thing, property rights, other property) were drawn, and a number of options for qualifying the actions related to the non-repayable withdrawal of the cryptocurrency were proposed. Finally, the paper analyzes the draft laws prepared by the RF Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and presents the author’s vision of the prospects for legalizing the cryptocurrency as an object of civil rights.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Lidia Peneva

Crimes against marriage and family are a particular group of social relation­ships that the law has defended properly in view of the high public significance and value they enjoy. At the moment they are regulated in Chapter VI, Section I, of the specific part of the Penal Code the Repub­lic of Bulgaria. The subject matter of this Statement will, however, be the legisla­tive provisions concerning these criminal­ized acts in retrospect. The purpose of the study is to show by historical method and through the comparatively legal method the development of these criminal groups during the periods of various criminal laws in Bulgaria. This will also provide a basis for reflection on possible de lege ferenda proposals. This report from a structural point of view will be divided into three distinct points, marking each of the penal laws in the Republic of Bulgaria, which were in force before 1968.


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