scholarly journals Colostrum production of Alentejano and Large-White × Landrace sows: consumption, passive immunity and mortality of piglets

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Charneca ◽  
Maria J. Vila-Viçosa ◽  
Paulo Infante ◽  
José Nunes ◽  
Jean Le Dividich
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Large White ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Piglet Mortality ◽  
The Difference

<p>Colostrum production and composition of 45 Alentejano (AL) and 45 crossed (Large–White × Landrace, LL) sows together with consumption and passive immunization of piglets, were evaluated. Piglets were weighed at birth, 24h, and 21 and 28 days of age. Colostrum was collected, chemically analysed and immunoglobulin G (IgG) determined. On piglets, serum IgG concentrations were determined at 2d and 28d of age. Alentejano piglets consumed 19% less colostrum than LL piglets (267 <em>vs</em> 328 g; <em>p</em>&lt;0.001), but when adjusted for birth weight, the difference between genotypes was not significant (<em>p</em>=0.891). Alentejano sows produced less colostrum (1985±139 g <em>vs</em> 3761±139 g, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001) than LL sows, even after adjustment for litter birth weight. IgG concentrations were higher in AL colostrum at 12 h and 36 h after the onset of farrowing. They were higher in AL than in LL piglets (<em>p</em>=0.025) and higher at 2d than at 28d of age (<em>p&lt;</em>0.001). Mortality rate of piglets until d21 post–farrowing was higher in AL genotype (27% <em>vs</em> 16.1%, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001). In both genotypes main factors influencing piglet mortality were birth weight and colostrum intake (g/kg birth weight). Higher mortality in AL than in LL genotype was attributable to the higher proportion (28.7% <em>vs</em> 11.6%, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001) of light piglets. It is concluded that for similar birth weight, both AL and LL piglets have a similar ability to ingest colostrum and that AL sows are less able to produce colostrum than LL sows. IgG concentrations of colostrum and of piglets serum were higher in AL than in LL genotype.</p>

scholarly journals Relationship between birth order, birth weight, colostrum intake, acquisition of passive immunity and pre-weaning mortality of piglets

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Le Dividich ◽  
Rui Charneca ◽  
Françoise Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

This study investigates the relation between birth order (BO), birth weight (BW0), colostrum intake (CI), level of passive immunity and pre-weaning mortality of piglets. The animals used were 551 cross-bred piglets [Piétrain × (Large-White × Landrace)] born from 40 sows. Colostrum immunoglobulins G (IgG) determinations were made from 17 sows. Colostrum samples were obtained at birth of the first piglet then at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h later, and on the first-two and the last-two piglets born. Serum IgG determinations from 68 piglets were made at 2d of age and at weaning. Individual CI was estimated from body weight gain. Relative birth order (RBO) and BW0 within-litter were weakly (R2<0.05) but positively correlated (p<0.01). Colostrum intake of piglets was independent from RBO (p>0.10) but increased by 26 ± 1.6 g per 100 g increase in BW0 (p<0.001). Serum IgG concentrations of the last two born piglets were 29.5% lower (p<0.01) than the first two born at 2 d of age, and 25% (p<0.05) at weaning. They were also lower at weaning than at 2 d of age (p<0.001). Serum IgG concentrations of piglets at weaning and at 2 d of age were positively correlated (R2=0.50, p<0.001). Within-litter, CI explained 11% (p<0.01) of the variation observed in piglets’ IgG at 2d of age. Mortality of piglets was irrespective of RBO (p>0.10). It was concluded that despite last-born piglets obtained less passive immunity than first-born, they were not at higher risk of dying before weaning. Major causes of mortality were low birth weight and insufficient colostrum (energy) intake.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Feet and Leg Conformation and Proportion of Crushed Piglets in Austrian Large White and Landrace Sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1213-1219
Author(s):  
Christina Pfeiffer ◽  
Birgit Fuerst-Waltl ◽  
Katharina Schodl ◽  
Peter Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Large White ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Piglet Mortality ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Almost All

Selection for feet and leg traits can increase longevity as well as several performance traits in sows. Moreover, good feet and leg quality contributes improving animal welfare not only for sows, but also for piglets. Sows with feet and leg problems have a higher risk of crushing their piglets when lying down. Therefore, a feet and leg scoring scheme was derived and applied by trained assessors. Furthermore, piglet mortality rate by crushing was recorded. Genetic parameters as well as breeding values were estimated and the effect of the traits on piglet mortality rate by crushing was investigated. Data of 993 Large White and 299 Landrace sows of 23 nucleus farms were analyzed. Heritabilities ranged from 0.03 to 0.16 for piglet mortality rate by crushing and pastern fore legs. Some genetic correlations between feet and leg traits were significantly highly correlated (0.69 to 0.79). Sows with favorable scores for almost all feet and leg scores had higher estimated breeding values for piglet mortality rate. Higher values indicate less crushed piglets and are thus favorable. An introduction of a feet and leg scoring scheme into routine genetic evaluation may thus contribute to animal welfare improvement for sows and piglets.

scholarly journals Profitability of the Enterprise and Ways to Increase It

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (525) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
O. S. Brahina ◽  
◽  
S. I. Buhenko ◽  
M. H. Pavlus ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Income ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Informational Basis ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Financial Result ◽  
Additional Product

The object of research of the article is the profit of enterprise and ways to increase it. The scholars’ opinions on the definition of «enterprise profit» were analyzed and the main approaches to its understanding are formed. According to the specified approaches, profit can be figured as follows: a monetary expression of part of the value of an additional product; net income of the entrepreneur from the invested capital; the difference between total income and total expenses; positive financial result of enterprise. According to the study, the definition of the concept of «profit» is formed and the essence of its meaning together with main functions is disclosed. The article discusses the theoretical aspects of increasing the profitability of enterprise, examines the factors of influence. Among the main factors influencing profits can be identified two groups: factors that do not depend on the activities of the enterprise (external); factors within the competence of enterprises (internal). The enterprise’s strategies related to profit are analyzed. The profitability of enterprise is an indicator that directly determines the final result of the activity of any enterprise. Increasing the profitability is one of the main goals of the management of any enterprise. There are many methods of increasing profitability, each enterprise chooses the most advantageous and convenient for itself, some of the methods are discussed in this article. The methodological and informational basis for the study of profitability of enterprise and ways to increase it are special and methodical literature by foreign and domestic authors, statistics of the Ministry of Statistics of Ukraine, periodic and reference literature; accounting, statistical, and operational reporting.

Colostrum and lamb production of prolific ewes

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 166-168
Author(s):  
S. Pattinson ◽  
D. A. R. Davies ◽  
A. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Low Serum

The prolific ewe can be regarded as a valuable asset only if she produces viable lambs and, at the same time, sufficient colostrum to meet their needs for energy (MJ) and immunoglobulin (Ig) in the first days of life.The energy requirements of the lamb will depend on its weight and the climatic conditions of its surroundings. Mellor and Murray (1986) recommend 180 ml colostrum per kg body weight during the first 18 h of life for lambs born indoors and 210 ml/kg body weight for lambs born in field conditions. The Ig requirement of the lamb will depend on its size and the disease challenge of the environment into which it is born.Although lower immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels have been recorded in dead lambs compared with live lambs (Halliday, 1968 and 1978; Khalaf, Doxey, Baxter, Black, FitzSimons and Ferguson, 1979), it has been shown that many lambs having low serum IgG levels do survive (Halliday, 1974) and some with high levels die (Halliday, 1978).The minimum intake of colostrum required for passive immunity is not known, but it is probably considerably less than that needed to meet the energy requirements (Mellor and Murray, 1986). Spedding, Treacher and Penning (1970) showed that as little as 8 g colostrum per kg lamb birth weight can provide protection from disease. Under poor conditions of hygiene this would probably not be sufficient. It thus seems likely that provided that the energy requirement of the lamb is met by feeding it colostrum, the Ig requirement will also be met.

scholarly journals Correlation of maternal age with birth weight: need to reemphasize

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Suyash Goel ◽  
Roshni Abichandani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Difference

Background: Women at both ends of the reproductive age spectrum have unique outcomes which needs to be considered. Adolescents are at increased risk for anaemia, preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. The maternal mortality rate is higher on extremes of the age. However, there is marked variability of the birth wt even with in the age group from 19-35 years of age. The present study was conducted with an objective to assess the correlation of Maternal age with birth weight.Methods: A total of 135 women between age 19-35 years were considered who had delivered at term (n=135) and women with any risk factors were excluded. Women were divided in three groups with age <25 years, 26-30 years and >30 years. Both primigravida and multigravida women were included without considering the mode of delivery.Results: According to birth weight, 113 cases had their birth weight >2.5 kg and out of them 43, 56 and 14 cases belonged to age group <25, 26-30 and >30 years respectively while only 22 cases had their birth weight <2.5 kg and out of them 9, 8 and 5 cases had their age group <25, 26-30 and >30 years. Mean birth weight in age group <25 years was 2.96±0.46 kg, in age group 26-30 years, it was 3.19±0.47 kg and in age group >30 years it was 2.79±0.54. On applying ANOVA test, the difference was found statistically significant (p<0.01).Conclusions: The variation in birth weight with respect to maternal age is significant. Limitation of this study was group comprising of 135 women.

scholarly journals Assessment of Piglet Vitality by Farmers—Validation of A Scoring Scheme and Estimation of Associated Genetic Parameters

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schodl ◽  
Regine Revermann ◽  
Christoph Winckler ◽  
Birgit Fuerst-Waltl ◽  
Christine Leeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Large White ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Piglet Mortality ◽  
On Farm

Maternal breeds for sows have been bred for high prolificacy during recent decades. Although large litters may be beneficial for economic efficiency, pre-weaning mortality is increased. Thus, focus should instead be put on new traits such as piglet vitality (PV). Until now, no validated scoring scheme for piglet vitality exists, which is feasible to be applied for routine on-farm trait recording. The objective of this study was to validate a four-point vitality scoring scheme (1 = low vitality to 4 = high vitality) applied by farmers based on pre-weaning mortality and to estimate genetic parameters. A linear mixed model was fitted for piglet vitality for 3172 litters from Large White and Landrace sows on 23 farms and correlations were calculated for vitality score and piglet mortality. A subsample of 2900 records was used for genetic analysis. Pre-weaning mortality differed significantly between all vitality score categories except for 1 and 2, ranging between 7.98% (category 4) and 29.1% (category 1). PV was genetically negatively correlated to litter size (−0.68) and mortality rate (−0.65), whereas litter size was positively correlated with mortality rate (0.59). Including PV into breeding programs may, thus, improve animal welfare.

scholarly journals Low birth weight profiles at H. Boejasin Hospital, South Borneo, Indonesia in 2010-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Yuni Astria ◽  
Christopher S. Suwita ◽  
Benedica M. Suwita ◽  
Felix F. Widjaya ◽  
Rinawati Rohsiswatmo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Difference

Background The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) is still high in Indonesia. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and prematurity are the most frequent causes. Prematurity has higher mortality rate. Cultural diversity has an impact on regional LBW profiles in Indonesia. However, data on LBW is unavailable in South Borneo.Objective To describe the LBW profiles and in-hospital mortality of newborns at H. Boejasin Hospital, South Borneo.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from medical records and neonatal registry at H. Boejasin Hospital, Pelaihari, South Borneo from 2010 to 2012. Subjects were newborns with birth weight <2,500 grams. Categorical data was presented in percentages, while survival analysis was assessed by Kaplan-Meier test. The difference among groups was analyzed with log-rank test.Results The proportion of LBW was 20.2% of total live births and the mortality rate was 17.3%. Mortality rates according to birth weight category was 96% in <1000 g group, 62% in 1,000-1,499 g group, 19% in 1,500-1,999 g group, and 4% in 2,000-2,499 g group. The highest hazard ratio was in the <1,000 gram birth weight group (HR 40.21), followed by the 1,000-1,499 gram group (HR 12.95), and the 1,500-1,999 gram group (HR 4.65);(P<0.01). Asphyxia, hyaline membrane disease (HMD), and sepsis were the most common causes of mortality (at 50%, 21%, and 16%, respectively).Conclusion The prevalence of LBW in this study is quite high and mortality of LBW infants is significantly different between each low birth weight category. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:155-61.].

scholarly journals Identification of resilient sows in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus–infected farms1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3228-3236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glòria Abella ◽  
Elena Novell ◽  
Vicenç Tarancon ◽  
Luis Varona ◽  
Ramona N Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Large White ◽  
Piglet Mortality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract The identification of resilient sows can improve reproductive performance in farms exposed to multiple challenges. A common challenge is the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). A key issue to deal with disease resilience is to set up a feasible phenotyping strategy. Our aim was to develop a phenotyping criterion to discriminate susceptible from resilient sows in PRRSV-infected farms. A total of 517 Landrace x Large White gilts were classified as resilient (R) or susceptible (S) to PRRSV virus, following vaccination with MLV-PRRSV at 6 to 7 wk of age, in a PRRSV negative multiplication farm. Female piglets were phenotyped as R if their serum was negative to PRRSV at 7 and 21 d postvaccination (DPV) or as S if their serum was positive at 7 and/or 21 DPV. Amongst them, 382 gilts were transferred to a PRRSV-positive production farm, where the number of piglets born alive (NBA), stillborn (NSB), mummified (NMU), lost (NLP = NSB + NMU), and total born (NTB = NBA + NLP) were recorded for almost 3 yr. Data were collected during 2 periods according to the PRRSV farm health status, which were confirmed as either PRRSV-positive stable (endemic) or inestable (epidemic). Analyses were carried out under a Bayesian approach. The heritability for the resilience criterion was estimated using a threshold model. A linear (for NTB and NBA) and a binomial model (for NSB, NMU, and NLP) on the resilience criterion by the farm health status were used to assess the difference between R and S sows. The heritability of the resilience criterion was 0.46 (SD 0.06). The probability of a piglet being lost was greater (≥0.97) in S than in R litters, regardless of whether the delivery occurred during a PRRSV outbreak (20.5% vs. 17.0%) or not (15.8% vs. 13.7%). The lower piglet mortality rate in R sows was due to NSB, in the endemic phase (13.0% vs. 15.0% of NTB, with a posterior probability of 98% of S sows showing higher NSB than R sows), and to NMU, in the epidemic phase (4.0% vs. 8.4% of NTB, with a posterior probability of >99% of S sows showing higher NMU than R sows). During a PRRSV outbreak, the S sows were twice as likely to give birth to a mummified piglet when compared with R sows. These findings provide evidence that the described phenotyping scheme has a potential use as a PRRSV resilience criterion.

scholarly journals Birth Weight, Neonatal Mortality and Transition Period in Kintamani Puppy Dog Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
T Test ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Breeding Kennel

The observations study was performed on a total of 72 puppies born alive from 16 pregnancy bitches at Asubali breeding kennel, Gianyar, Bali. After whelping, the total number of puppies born alive or dead within a litter, beginning the eyes open and first respond to hear was recorded. Each puppy was identified by a colored collar. Puppies were weighed at birth and continued until 7 day of age. Data were analyzed and presented as means and standard deviation. The difference of sex was analyzed using A two-tailed student t-test. The result of this study showed that average weight of the male puppies was 362.77±60.15 gram and the female puppies were 340.44±36.48 gram. During the first week of life, the mortality rate was 9.72%. The puppy’s eyes open at an age 10 to 15 day and begins to hear at an age 19 to 23 days. Birth weight and neonatal mortality was significantly affected by sex. Its concluded that the mortality rate neonatal was low in Kintamani dog.

Effect of passive immunization against testosterone on the reproductive performance of Scottish Blackface ewes in different levels of body condition at mating

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
R. G. Gunn ◽  
B. A. Morris ◽  
J. Clayton ◽  
I. D. Leslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Category Score

ABSTRACTThe effect of passive immunization against testosterone on reproductive performance was investigated in 180 mature Scottish Blackface ewes in different levels of body condition at mating. Ewes were fed to achieve a wide range of condition (scores 1·5 to 3·0) by 2 weeks before a synchronized mating. During the week before mating, 90 ewes were each injected with 32 ml of a neat anti-testosterone antiserum (1: 96 000 initial titre) and 90 ewes were untreated. At about 55 days after mating, 50 immunized and 50 control ewes were slaughtered and the numbers of corpora lutea and embryos present were recorded. The proportion of immunized ewes that conceived during two periods of mating was in excess of 0·9 in all condition categories. By contrast, untreated ewes in the low condition category (score =£ 2·00) had significantly lower conception rates than ewes in higher condition categories. Immunized ewes with condition scores of 2·50 or less at mating had significantly higher ovulation rates, litter sizes and lambing rates compared with control ewes, while immunized ewes with scores of 2·75 or higher were not significantly different from control ewes in these measurements. There was no effect of immunization on embryo mortality rate, lamb sex ratio, lamb birth weight, or lamb survival rate in the 1st week after birth.

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