Relationship of Malnutrition in Children with Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Fars Province, Iran

Background: Because of the high prevalence and serious complications of malnutrition in children, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of malnutrition in children with food and nutrition insecurity in Fars Province, Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, all 6 - 60-month-old children living in Fars Province in 2015, whose weight-for-age curve was below the third percentile, were included as the malnourished group (case group). Also, 1000 sex- and age-matched children without any growth retardations were selected as the well-nourished group (control group). The children’s food and nutrition insecurity was evaluated using a questionnaire consisting of the child's feeding, household sanitation status, and food security, besides maternal knowledge and practice about child nutrition. Finally, the food insecurity status of the two groups was compared. Results: Based on the findings, 943 (47.1%) children lived in food-insecure households, with a higher percentage of malnourished children than well-nourished ones (57.8% vs. 36.5%; P < 0.001). The probability of malnutrition in children with unemployed fathers was twice as high as those with full-time working fathers (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38 - 0.83). Malnutrition in children was significantly associated with their birth weight (P < 0.001), maternal body mass index (P < 0.001), maternal knowledge and practice about child feeding (P < 0.001 for both), and having sanitary latrines at home as an indicator of household sanitary status (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Malnutrition in children had significant associations with many aspects of food and nutrition insecurity. To decrease the prevalence of malnutrition, health systems, and other organizations should design policies to improve food insecurity, especially those focusing on family education and nutritional support for low socioeconomic families.

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Knowledge, Food Vouchers, and Child Nutrition: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Ethiopia (P11-116-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz048.p11-116-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Seollee Park ◽

Yae Eun Han ◽

Hyuncheol Kim

Keyword(s):

Child Nutrition ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Study Groups ◽

Child Growth ◽

Control Group ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Young Child Feeding ◽

Change Communication ◽

Randomized Design

Abstract Objectives Young children in developing countries often maintain poor diets, evidenced by strikingly low dietary diversity. Through formative research, we identified the lack of knowledge and affordability as key barriers to improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to investigate ways to promote healthy IYCF by analyzing the impacts of an IYCF behavior change communication (BCC) program and food vouchers on mother's IYCF knowledge and practices, and child growth. Methods Using a clustered randomized design, we compare the effects of two independent interventions—IYCF BCC program and food vouchers—on four study groups: BCC only (BCC), voucher only (Voucher), BCC and voucher (BCC + Voucher), and the control group. The BCC program offered weekly group IYCF sessions to mothers who has children between 4 to 20 months of age for 16 weeks, employing participatory learning methods. The voucher program provided food vouchers worth approximately 10 USD per month for four months, which could be used at nearby markets for purchasing a wide variety of food items. We identified 641 eligible households residing in 79 villages in Ejere through census. As shown in Figure 1, 79 villages were randomly assigned to one of the four study groups: BCC, Voucher, BCC + Voucher, and control. All eligible mothers living in treatment villages were invited to participate in the program to which the village she lives in was assigned. Results We show that BCC improves maternal knowledge of nutrition and IYCF behaviors, while food vouchers alone do not (Figure 2). Impacts are largest when both knowledge and income constraints are addressed simultaneously through BCC + Voucher (Table 1). Only in this group do we see these treatments reducing stunting by 9 percentage points (Figure 3). Moreover, we show that BCC + Voucher prevented stunting from occurring during this critical age range rather than reversing it (Figure 4). Conclusions Our results suggest that, when both knowledge and income are intertwined challenges for improved child-feeding practices, addressing both constraints simultaneously may augment the positive impacts due to their complementary relationship. Funding Sources Africa Future Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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Association between Infectious Disease and Hygiene Practice on Stunting Toddler Aged 24-59 Months

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v5i2.2021.149-157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Natasya Putri Audiena ◽

Marintan Laura Siagian

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Child Nutrition ◽

Observational Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Control Research ◽

Observation Method ◽

Nutrition Problem

Background : Child nutrition problem is still a major health problem in Indonesia. Toddlers are a period where children experience rapid growth and development, so they need a high nutrient. The problem of malnutrition can be identified from the children’s slow growth, one of which is in terms of body length or height. A condition where a children’s length or height is not optimal is called stunting. The incidence of stunting affected by several factors, such as infectious disease and bad hygiene practices.Method : The method of this study is observational research with case control research design. The sample of this study was grouped into two, case group and control group, with the number of each group is 28 respondents. The case group was a group of toodlers with stunting ages 24 – 59 months, while the control group was a group of toodlers ages 24 – 59 months with no stunting case. The study was conducted in Bulak Banteng Public Health work area from January - May 2019. Data collection was carried out by collecting questionnaire about infectious disease and hygiene practices which were carried out by interview and observation method. Results : The result showed that there was an influence between the incidence of infectious disease (p=0,000) (OR= -3.402), and hygiene practices (p=0,000) (OR= -2.442) on stunting.Conclusion : The conclusion in this study is that there is a significant relationship between infectious diseases and hygiene practices with the incidence of stunting in toddler aged 24-59 months (in Bulak Banteng Health Center, Surabaya).

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Faktor risiko obesitas pada ibu rumah tangga miskin

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.15361 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Digna Niken Purwaningrum ◽

Hamam Hadi ◽

I Made Alit Gunawan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Fat Intake

Background: Food insecurity is associated with allocation of income for high energy density food consumption that may cause obesity in poor family. In addition, low physical activity may lead to obesity, particularly in individual living in disadvantaged situation.Objective: To identify risk factors of obesity among poor housewives in Yogyakarta.Method: This was a case control study, case group was obese housewives and the control group was non obese housewives. The locations of the study were Bumijo and Pringgokusuman which have high population density. The samples were taken purposively. Each group consisted of 70 housewives (1:1) and were matched according to age. Mc.Nemar test and conditional logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors of obesity.Results: There was no difference in characteristics between the two groups. Food insecurity reached 91,43% in the control group, proportion of excessive energy intake reached 37.86% in the case group, higher than in control group (24.29%). Excessive fat intake in the case group reached 30% whereas in the control group was 28.57%. Low physical activity reached 40% in the case group, and 10% in the control group. The result of Mc.Nemar test showed that food insecurity, energy and fat intake had no significant association with obesity (p>0.05). While physical activity was associated with obesity (p=0.0001). The result of conditional logistic regression showed physical activity was dominant risk factor for obesity among poor housewives (R2=0.1916).Conclusion: Food security status was not a risk factor for obesity in poor families; energy intake and fat intake contributed to the prevalence of obesity though the influence was smaller than physical activity.

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Early Stunting Detection Education as an Effort to Increase Mother's Knowledge about Stunting Prevention

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v57i1.23388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Gadis Meinar Sari

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Normal Children ◽

Children Under Five ◽

National Team ◽

Under Five

Stunting is one of the main nutritional problems that is still common in children under five and has serious health impacts. The results of National Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018 showed the prevalence of stunting at 30.8%, indicating that 1 out of 3 Indonesian children are still stunted. Probolinggo Regency is a priority area for stunting handling in 2019 with a prevalence of 50.2% according to a report from the National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (TNP2K). One of the factors that directly affect the incidence of stunting is low birth weight (LBW), while the mothers' knowledge level of health is an indirect factor that affects the growth conditions of children under five. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of providing stunting early detection education on maternal knowledge regarding stunting prevention. This is a pre experimental research study with one group pre-post test design, children aged 0-24 months as the research subjects. The case group consisted of stunted children (BL/A <-2 SD Z-score), while the control group consisted of normal children according to the BL/U indicator. The number of research subjects for the case and control groups was 40 with mothers of the toddlers as research respondents. The samples were selected using total sampling technique. Data were analyzed using dependent T test and linear regression. The results suggested that at the beginning of the session before provided education about early detection of stunting, mothers with stunting toddlers had lower level of knowledge (73.3%) than those with normal toddlers (77%). After provided with education, the knowledge level of mothers with stunted toddlers appreared to be higher (89%) than those with normal children (87.6%), with significant increase in each group (P <0.05). It can be concluded that education on stunting detection can significantly improve mothers' knowledge regarding the prevention of stunting in children aged 0-24 months. Providing regular education, both by nutrition workers at the health center and integrated service post (posyandu) cadres, is necessary as an effort to prevent stunting to the maximum.

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Faktor Risiko Kejadian Gizi Buruk pada Anak Balita di Kota Kupang

Timorese Journal of Public Health ◽

10.35508/tjph.v1i4.2150 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 177-184

Author(s):

Sandy Roberto Manafe ◽

Anna H. Talahatu ◽

Daniela L. A. Boeky

Keyword(s):

Family Members ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Health Department ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Systematic Random Sampling ◽

The City

Malnutrition in infancy can result disruption on physical growth and intelligence of children. Nutritional problems caused by socio-economic conditions, lack of knowledge about nutrition, lack of nutrient intake and disease infection. Data on the health department of the city of Kupang in 2017, cases of malnourished infants were recorded as many as 240 cases. The purpose of the study was analyze the incidence of malnutrition in children under five in Kupang City. This research is analytic survey research with case control design. Total sampling technique in the case group and systematic random sampling in the control group. The factors that partially influence the incidence of malnutrition (p-value ≤ 0,05) are maternal knowledge about nutrition, the number of family members, the level of energy adequacy, and the level of protein adequacy. Mothers who have toddlers need to pay attention to the nutritional intake of family members, especially toddlers by increasing nutrition knowledge regarding the fulfillment of energy and protein intake.

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HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH IBU DAN PENINGKATAN BERAT BADAN SAAT KEHAMILAN DENGAN PREEKLAMPSIA

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4363 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hermanto Quedarusman ◽

John Wantania ◽

Juneke J. Kaeng

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Obese Women ◽

Excessive Weight Gain ◽

Excessive Weight ◽

Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Abstract: Preeclampsia is a health problem that occurs when a pregnancy reaches 20 weeks or more, preeclampsia is accompanied by hypertension and protenuria as main signs. Women with obesity before pregnancy are known to have higher risk to get preeclampsia during pregnancy than those with normal IMT. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can also increase the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant woman. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between maternal body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy with preeclampsia.This research used observasional-analytic method through case-control approach. The number of case group is 38 people and the number of control group is 38 people. The result shows that at risk women were four times more likely to develop preeclampsia during pregnancy than those with normal IMT (OR= 4,32 95% CI= 1,15-16,12), and obese women were five times more likely to develop preeclampsia during pregnancy than those with normal IMT (OR= 5,06 95% CI= 1,46-12,67). The result also shows that women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy were almost three times more likely to develop preeclampsia during preeclampsia than women with normal weight gain during pregnancy (OR=2,53 95% IK= 0,99-31,81). The results show that there is a significant association between maternal IMT and weight gain during pregnancy with preeclampsia. Key Word: BMI, obesity, pregnancy and preeclampsia Abstrak: Preeklampsia adalah masalah kesehatan yang terjadi pada usia kehamilan 20 minggu ke atas dengan tanda utama hipertensi dan protenuria. Wanita dengan obesitas sebelum kehamilan memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk menderita preeklampsia dibandingkan wanita normal. Peningkatan berat badan berlebihan saat kehamilan juga dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya preeklampsia pada wanita hamil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT) ibu dan peningkatan berat badan saat kehamilan dengan preeklampsia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional-analitik dengan desain case-control. Jumlah sampel untuk kelompok kasus 38 orang dan untuk kelompok kontrol 38 orang. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kelompok IMT at risk berisiko empat kali lebih besar untuk menderita preeklampsia dibandingkan kelompok IMT normal (OR= 4,32 95% IK= 1,15-16,12), sedangkan kelompok IMT obesitas berisiko lima kali lebih besar untuk menderita preeklampsia dibandingkan kelompok IMT normal (OR= 5,06 95% IK= 1,46-12,67). Kelompok dengan peningkatan berat badan tinggi berisiko hampir tiga kali lebih besar untuk menderita preeklampsia dibandingkan wanita dengan peningkatan berat badan saat hamil normal (OR=2,53 95% IK= 0,99-31,81). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara indeks massa tubuh ibu dan peningkatan berat badan saat kehamilan dengan preeklampsia. Kata Kunci: IMT, obesitas, kehamilan, dan preeklampsia.

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Pemberdayaan Ibu untuk Perbaikan Pola Konsumsi Ikan terhadap Peningkatan Asupan Protein, Kalsium, Zink dan Z-Score Tinggi Badan Menurut Umur pada Anak Stunting

Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari ◽

10.31539/jks.v3i2.1188 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 672-686

Author(s):

Oslida Martony ◽

Dini Lestrina ◽

Zul Amri

Keyword(s):

Fish Consumption ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Z Score ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Average Value ◽

Significant Difference

This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal empowerment on improving fish consumption patterns to increase protein intake, calcium, zinc, and Z-score height by age when stunting children. The type of this research is Quasi-Experimental with pre and post-test control group design. The results showed an increase in maternal knowledge, increased intake of protein, calcium, and zinc as well as an increase in TB scores / After the intervention in the case group, compared to the control group, there were no differences in protein, calcium intake and Z-score TB / U, an increase in maternal empowerment increased intake of children stunting and the same as intake of children not stunting. Conclusion There is a significant difference in the average value of protein intake, calcium, zinc, and Z-score before and after providing maternal empowerment interventions to improve fish consumption patterns in children aged 13-36 months. Keywords: Intake, Calcium, Maternal Empowerment, Protein, Zinc, Stunting, Z-Score TB / U

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HUBUNGAN TUNGAU DEBU RUMAH, PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT KELUARGA TERHADAP KEJADIAN ASMA BRONKIAL PADA ANAK USIA 5 – 10 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LEMPAKE KOTA SAMARINDA TAHUN 2016

KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.24903/kujkm.v3i1.327 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Sri Evi New Yearsi Pangadongan ◽

Agustina Rahyu ◽

Selvy Pasulu

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Sample ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

History Of ◽

Weather Changes ◽

And Gender

Bronchial Asthma generally starts from childhood which is condition where respiration channel experiences constriction because of hyperactivity with some specific stimulation which cause inflammation. Some risk factors are smoking exposure of cigarette smoke, weather changes, mite on house dirt, pet and history of family sickness. The purpose of this research is to know Relation of mite on house dirt, exposure of cigarette smoke and history of family sickness with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10 years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016. Method which used was analytic survey with Case Control approaching. The total sample was 36 children which consisted of 18 case group and 18 control group with matching by using age and gender which submitted with Purposive Sampling technique. Data Analysis used Chi Square with wrong degree α = 0,005. The result showed that there was relation of mite of house dirt (p = 0,006), history of family sickness (p = 0,001) and no relation with exposure of cigarette smoke (p = 0,370) with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10 years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016.

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Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas ◽

10.25311/keskom.vol5.iss2.288 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

Hafiko Andresni ◽

Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽

Winda Septiani ◽

Mitra Mitra ◽

Lita Lita

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

T Test ◽

The Body ◽

Toilet Training ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

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Faktor-Faktor Determinan yang melatar belakangi Kehamilan Remaja di Desa Pandansari Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang

Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) ◽

10.26699/jnk.v7i2.art.p247-255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 247-255

Author(s):

Maria Magdalena Setyaningsih ◽

Emy Sutiyarsih

Keyword(s):

Sex Education ◽

Teen Pregnancy ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Well Being ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

First Time

Kehamilan remaja adalah kehamilan yang terjadi pada remaja berusia kurang dari 20 tahunan. Kehamilan remaja memberikan banyak kerugian bagi kesehatan, mental dan psikologis, kesejahteraan ekonomi dan peluang karier, kemiskinan dan prospek kehidupan masa depan remaja. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi faktor determinan yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kehamilan remaja. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian analitik kategorik jenis survei kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Populasi semua perempuan yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah dusun Wonosari, Sukosari, dan Krajan Pandansari dan pernah/sedang hamil pertama kali pada usia kurang dari 20 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling besar sampel 73. Berdasarkan hasil model akhir analisis multivariat, diketahui bahwa variabel pendidikan, riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga dan usia menikah merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kehamilan remaja setelah dikontrol oleh variabel akses informasi, responden berpendidikan rendah memiliki peluang 20,8 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang memiliki riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga memiliki peluang 14,9 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang menikah pada usia <20 tahun memiliki peluang 12,1 kali lebih tinggi, responden dengan pemahaman yang kurang baik terkait penggunaan kondom memiliki peluang 5,9 kali lebih tinggi untuk terjadi kehamilan remaja. Oleh karena itu perlu dibangun karakter buiding, sosial karakter suport untuk para ibu remaja dan keluarga sehingga terbangun interaksi yang baik dalam keluarga yang dilandasi dengan pendidikan dan pemahaman yang baik tentang Pendidikan seksualitas. Teen pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs in adolescents aged less than 20 years old. Teen pregnancy provides many disadvantages for health, mental, psychological, economic well-being, career opportunities, poverty, and the future life. The aim of the study was to identify the determinants underlying teen pregnancy incidence. This study was a quantitative study with categorical analytic method. The study design used a case control with two comparison groups. The groups were control group and case group. The population in this study was all women who lived in the Wonosari, Sukosari, and Krajan Pandansari district and had or were pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old. Seventy three respondents were recruited using cluster sampling technique. The case group consists of women who were or had pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old and their children are currently aged ≤ 1 years old. The control group consists of women who were pregnant for the first time at the age of > 20 years old. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The findings showed that education, history of teen pregnancy in family and the age of marriage were related to the incidence of teen pregnancy after being controlled by information access. Low-educated respondents had 20.8 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with a history of teen pregnancy in the family had 4.9 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents who were married at the age of < 20 years old had 12.1 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with poor understanding of condom use had 5.9 times higher chance of teenage pregnancy. In conclusion, the findings suggest to build good interactions in the family based on education and a good understanding of sex education.

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