scholarly journals Negative emotional state slows down movement speed: behavioral and neural evidence

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiawen Li ◽  
Guanghui Zhang ◽  
Chenglin Zhou ◽  
Xiaochun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Emotional Condition

Background Athletic performance is affected by emotional state. Athletes may underperform in competition due to poor emotion regulation. Movement speed plays an important role in many competition events. Flexible control of movement speed is critical for effective athletic performance. Although behavioral evidence showed that negative emotion can influence movement speed, the nature of the relationship remains controversial. Thus, the present study investigated how negative emotion affects movement speed and the neural mechanism underlying the interaction between emotion processing and movement control. Methods The present study combined electroencephalography (EEG) technology with a cued-action task to investigate the effect of negative emotion on movement speed. In total, 21 undergraduate students were recruited for this study. Participants were asked to perform six consecutive action tasks after viewing an emotional picture. Pictures were presented in two blocks (one negative and one neutral). After the participants completed a set of tasks (neutral of negative), they were subjected to complete a 9-point self-assessment manikin scale. Participants underwent EEG while performing the tasks. Results At the behavior level, there was a significant main effect of emotional valence on movement speed, with participants exhibiting significantly slower movements in the negative emotional condition than in the neutral condition. EEG data showed increased theta oscillation and larger P1 amplitude in response to negative than to neural images suggesting that more cognitive resources were required to process negative than neutral images. EEG data also showed a larger late CNV area in the neutral condition than in the negative condition, which suggested that there was a significant decrease in brain activation during action tasks in negative emotional condition than in the neural. While the early CNV did not reveal a significant main effect of emotional valence. Conclusion The present results indicate that a negative emotion can slow movement, which is largely due to negative emotional processing consuming more resources than non-emotional processing and this interference effect mainly occurred in the late movement preparation phase.

scholarly journals Do emoji enhance emotional processing of written language?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Katherine Kaye ◽  
Sara Rodríguez-Cuadrado ◽  
Bethany R. Jones ◽  
Stephanie A. Malone ◽  
Helen Joanne Wall
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Positive Word ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Everyday Communication

Despite the fact that emoji are a key part of everyday communication, little is known about the way they may relate to emotional processing of written language. The current study aimed to explore this issue, examining whether including an emotionally-congruent emoji onto emotionally-valenced words could enhance emotional processing. Participants completed a lexical decision task which varied the emotional valence of words (positive, negative, neutral). To each word an emoji was appended; these were either congruent to the valence of the word (e.g., positive word + positive emoji), incongruent (positive word + negative emoji) or a control (positive word + neutral emoji). Additionally, neutral words were accompanied by a positive, negative or neutral emoji. Response accuracy and latency were recorded. Regarding accuracy, no significant main effects or interactions were found for word valence or emoji valence. However, for latency, a main effect was found for word valence in which post-hoc analysis revealed that positive words were processed quicker than neutral words. However, the interaction between word and emoji valence was non-significant. This suggests that emoji may not provide an automatic processing advantage when used in written communication

scholarly journals No Self Without Salience: Affective and Self-relevance Ratings of 552 Emotionally Valenced and Neutral Dutch Words

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora I. Dimitrova ◽  
Eline M. Vissia ◽  
Hanneke Geugies ◽  
Hedwig Hofstetter ◽  
Sima Chalavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Emotional Salience ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIt is unknown how self-relevance is dependent on emotional salience. Emotional salience encompasses an individual's degree of attraction or aversion to emotionally-valenced information. The current study investigated the interconnection between self and salience through the evaluation of emotional valence and self-relevance. 56 native Dutch participants completed a questionnaire assessing valence, intensity, and self-relevance of 552 Dutch nouns and verbs. One-way repeated-measures ANCOVA investigated the relationship between valence and self, age and gender. Repeated-measures ANCOVA also tested the relationship between valence and self with intensity ratings and effects of gender and age. Results showed a significant main effect of valence for self-relevant words. Intensity analyses showed a main effect of valence but not of self-relevance. There were no significant effects of gender and age. The most important finding presents that self-relevance is dependent on valence. These findings concerning the relationship between self and salience opens avenues to study an individual's self-definition.

scholarly journals Presence Effects in Virtual Reality Based on User Characteristics: Attention, Enjoyment, and Memory

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1051
Author(s):  
Si Jung Kim ◽  
Teemu H. Laine ◽  
Hae Jung Suk
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Different Levels

Presence refers to the emotional state of users where their motivation for thinking and acting arises based on the perception of the entities in a virtual world. The immersion level of users can vary when they interact with different media content, which may result in different levels of presence especially in a virtual reality (VR) environment. This study investigates how user characteristics, such as gender, immersion level, and emotional valence on VR, are related to the three elements of presence effects (attention, enjoyment, and memory). A VR story was created and used as an immersive stimulus in an experiment, which was presented through a head-mounted display (HMD) equipped with an eye tracker that collected the participants’ eye gaze data during the experiment. A total of 53 university students (26 females, 27 males), with an age range from 20 to 29 years old (mean 23.8), participated in the experiment. A set of pre- and post-questionnaires were used as a subjective measure to support the evidence of relationships among the presence effects and user characteristics. The results showed that user characteristics, such as gender, immersion level, and emotional valence, affected their level of presence, however, there is no evidence that attention is associated with enjoyment or memory.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological Correlates of Comprehending Emotional Meaning in Context

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2245-2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne J. Holt ◽  
Spencer K. Lynn ◽  
Gina R. Kuperberg
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Late Positivity ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Emotional Meaning ◽  
Reading Experiment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Modulated Process

Although the neurocognitive mechanisms of nonaffective language comprehension have been studied extensively, relatively less is known about how the emotional meaning of language is processed. In this study, electrophysiological responses to affectively positive, negative, and neutral words, presented within nonconstraining, neutral contexts, were evaluated under conditions of explicit evaluation of emotional content (Experiment 1) and passive reading (Experiment 2). In both experiments, a widely distributed Late Positivity was found to be larger to negative than to positive words (a “negativity bias”). In addition, in Experiment 2, a small, posterior N400 effect to negative and positive (relative to neutral) words was detected, with no differences found between N400 magnitudes to negative and positive words. Taken together, these results suggest that comprehending the emotional meaning of words following a neutral context requires an initial semantic analysis that is relatively more engaged for emotional than for nonemotional words, whereas a later, more extended, attention-modulated process distinguishes the specific emotional valence (positive vs. negative) of words. Thus, emotional processing networks within the brain appear to exert a continuous influence, evident at several stages, on the construction of the emotional meaning of language.

scholarly journals Who can enjoy the unavoidable emotional labor

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-742
Author(s):  
SeungGeun Baeck ◽  
KangHyun Shin ◽  
JongHyun Lee ◽  
ChangGoo Heo
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this study was to examine the positive effect of self-monitoring among emotional display rules (fostering positive emotion(FPE) & suppressing negative emotion(SNE)) and consequential work attitude (job burnout & work engagement). A sample of 191 hotel employees were participated in this study and data were analyzed by SPSS. The results are as follows. First, the main effect of FPE on work engagement was supported, but the main effect of SNE on job burnout was not. Second, the main effects of self-monitoring on engagement and burnout were supported. Third, the moderation effects of self-monitoring which buffer the relationship of SNE on burnout and which facilitate the relationship FPE on engagement were significant. Finally, the implications and limitations were discussed.

scholarly journals INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN EMOTION REGULATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONDING TO STRESS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhán M Griffin ◽  
Siobhán Howard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emotion Words

Instructed use of reappraisal to regulate stress in the laboratory is typically associated with a more adaptive cardiovascular response to stress, indexed by either: (i) lower cardiovascular reactivity (CVR; e.g., lower blood pressure); or (ii) a challenge-oriented response profile (i.e., greater cardiac output paired with lower total peripheral resistance). In contrast, instructed use of suppression is associated with exaggerated CVR (e.g., greater heart rate, blood pressure). Despite this, few studies have examined if the habitual use of these strategies are related to cardiovascular responding during stress. The current study examined the relationship between cardiovascular responses to acute stress and individual differences in emotion regulation style: trait reappraisal, suppression, and emotion regulation difficulties. Forty-eight participants (25 women, 23 men) completed a standardised laboratory stress paradigm incorporating a 20-minute acclimatization period, a 10-minute baseline, and two 5-minute speech tasks separated by a 10-minute inter-task rest period. The emotional valence of the speech task was examined as a potential moderating factor; participants spoke about a block of negative-emotion words and a block of neutral-emotion words. Cardiovascular parameters were measured using the Finometer Pro. Greater habitual use of suppression was associated with exaggerated blood pressure responding to both tasks. However, only in response to the negative-emotion task was greater use of reappraisal associated with a challenge-oriented cardiovascular response. The findings suggest that individual differences in emotion regulation translate to differing patterns of CVR to stress, but the emotional valence of the stressor may play a role.

scholarly journals Negative Emotion Reduces Visual Working Memory Recall Variability: A Meta-analytical Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhen Xie ◽  
Chaoxiong Ye ◽  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Delay Estimation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Analytical Review

Negative emotion is often hypothesized to trigger a more deliberate processing mode.This effect can manifest as increased precision of information maintained in working memory (WM) captured by reduced WM recall variability. However, some recent evidence shows that WM representations are immune to any emotional influences. Here, we meta-analyze existing evidence based on data from 13 experiments across 491 participants who performed a delay estimation WM task under negative and neutral emotions. We find that negative emotion modestly reduces WM recall variability and increases recall failures relative to the neutral condition. These effects are moderated by participants’ self-report negative experiences during emotion induction. Collectively, these data suggest that negative emotion influences how muchand how well one can remember in WM.

scholarly journals Ratings of Affective and Non-Affective Aspects of German Idioms in Second Language Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-42
Author(s):  
Teodor Petrič
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Language Technology ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions

AbstractIn this paper psycholinguistic and emotional properties of 619 German idiomatic expressions are explored. The list of idiomatic expressions has been adapted from Citron et al. (2015), who have used it with German native speakers. In our study the same idioms were evaluated by Slovene learners of German as a foreign language. Our participants rated each idiom for emotional valence, emotional arousal, familiarity, concreteness, ambiguity (literality), semantic transparency and figurativeness. They also had the task to describe the meaning of the German idioms and to rate their confidence about the attributed meaning. The aims of our study were (1) to provide descriptive norms for psycholinguistic and affective properties of a large set of idioms in German as a second language, (2) to explore the relationships between psycholinguistic and affective properties of idioms in German as a second language, and (3) to compare the ratings of the German native speakers studied in Citron et al. (2015) with the ratings of the Slovene second language learners from our study. On one hand, the results of the Slovene participants show many similarities with those of of the German native speakers, on the other hand, they show a slight positivity bias and slightly shallower emotional processing of the German idioms. Our study provides data that could be useful for future studies investigating the role of affect in figurative language in a second language setting (methodology, translation science, language technology).

scholarly journals Shame – an emotionally complex condition with social connotation and psychosomatic implications in pathology

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
Simona GROSSMAN ◽  
◽  
Ioan-Bradu IAMANDESCU ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Complex Condition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Psychosomatic Diseases

Shame is a complex emotional state, a universal experience, whose influence can be extensive. Elusive by its nature, shame can escape the attention of specialists. Discussions on shame as a separate and distinct emotion are rare, most often being denied, hidden or concealed by more socially acceptable emotions. Offspring of a disappointed Ideal Self, shame reflects on Self Respect and Self Image, both important and influential components of the psyche, with major implications in personality. Being a strong negative emotion, shame can have an important and quite extensive influence on mental health through its numerous somatic correlates intensely and widely expressed at different organic level on somatovisceral activity – thus, resulting in the appearance of numerous disorders and psychosomatic diseases – among them obesity, which was chosen by the author as the subject of a future research.

scholarly journals Emotional Valence Affects Word Retrieval During Verb Fluency Tasks in Alzheimer’s Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jin Paek
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Insight Into

Individuals with amnestic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often demonstrate preserved emotional processing skills despite the neurodegenerative disease that affects their limbic system. Emotional valence encompasses the encoding and retrieval of memory and it also affects word retrieval in healthy populations, but it remains unclear whether these effects are preserved in individuals with amnestic AD. Previous studies used a variety of encoding procedures and different retrieval methods that resulted in mixed findings. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to investigate whether emotional enhancement of memory effects is observed in an experimental condition where the memory encoding process is not required, namely verb (action) fluency tasks. Seventeen participants who were cognitively healthy older adults (CHOA) and 15 participants with amnestic AD were asked to complete verb fluency tasks, and the relative degree of emotional valence observed in their responses was compared between the two groups. A neuropsychological test battery was administered to determine the participants’ cognitive and linguistic profiles, and correlational analyses were conducted to delineate relationships between emotional valence, verbal memory, and learning abilities. The results indicated that the participants with amnestic AD produced words with higher emotional valence (i.e., more pleasant words) compared to CHOA during action fluency testing. In addition, the degree of emotional valence in the words was negatively correlated with verbal memory and learning skills, showing that those with poorer memory skills tend to retrieve words with higher emotional valence. The findings are consistent with those previous studies that stressed that individuals with AD have preserved emotional enhancement of memory effects and may benefit from them for retrieval of information, which may offer some insight into the development of novel rehabilitative strategies for this population.

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