Therapeutic Value of 6-Gingerol (1-[4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone): A Review

Utilization of crude extracts separated from herbal medicine is getting more worthy and ideal, conceivably because of the expense of production, accessibility and availability to bring down harmful effects as much as possible. Various researches have shown that the regular use of particular soil products like fruits and vegetables can minimize the risk of a number of infections. Ginger is among the most commonly and regularly devoured dietary sauces on the planet. One of the major impactful components of ginger, 6-gingerol is suggested for the avoidance of malignancy and different maladies. As a spice and home grown medicine, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale (ginger) is devoured worldwide and it contains sharp phenolic compounds known as gingerols aggregately. The main pharmacologically-dynamic segment of ginger is 6-Gingerol. It is recognized to show a variety of organic actions including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. 6-Gingerol has been found to have anticancer effects by means of its impact on an assortment of natural pathways associated with apoptosis, control of cell cycle, cytotoxic action and restraint of angiogenesis. Consequently, because of its adequacy and control of different targets, just as its security for human use, 6-gingerol has gained impressive enthusiasm as an expected helpful operator for the anticipation and additionally treatment for different maladies. Taken together, this review sums up the different in vitro and in vivo pharmacological aspects of 6-gingerol and their underlying mechanisms.

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Biological Properties of 6-Gingerol: A Brief Review

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900736 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Shaopeng Wang ◽

Caihua Zhang ◽

Guang Yang ◽

Yanzong Yang

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Pharmacologically Active

Numerous studies have revealed that regular consumption of certain fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of many diseases. The rhizome of Zingiber officinale (ginger) is consumed worldwide as a spice and herbal medicine. It contains pungent phenolic substances collectively known as gingerols. 6-Gingerol is the major pharmacologically-active component of ginger. It is known to exhibit a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. 6-Gingerol has been found to possess anticancer activities via its effect on a variety of biological pathways involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, cytotoxic activity, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Thus, due to its efficacy and regulation of multiple targets, as well as its safety for human use, 6-gingerol has received considerable interest as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases. Taken together, this review summarizes the various in vitro and in vivo pharmacological aspects of 6-gingerol and the underlying mechanisms.

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Phytosomal Curcumin Elicits Anti-tumor Properties Through Suppression of Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation and Induction of Oxidative Stress in Colorectal Cancer

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190110145151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (39) ◽

pp. 4626-4638 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh ◽

Seyed M. Hassanian ◽

Farzad Rahmani ◽

Seyed H. Aghaee-Bakhtiari ◽

Amir Avan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Vegf Signaling ◽

Anticancer Effects ◽

Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Apoptotic Activity

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortality in the world. Anti-tumor effect of curcumin has been shown in different cancers; however, the therapeutic potential of novel phytosomal curcumin, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism in CRC, has not yet been explored. Methods: The anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity of phytosomal curcumin in CT26 cells was assessed by MTT assay, wound healing assay and Flow cytometry, respectively. Phytosomal curcumin was also tested for its in-vivo activity in a xenograft mouse model of CRC. In addition, oxidant/antioxidant activity was examined by DCFH-DA assay in vitro, measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), Thiol and superoxidedismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity and also evaluation of expression levels of Nrf2 and GCLM by qRT-PCR in tumor tissues. In addition, the effect of phytosomal curcumin on angiogenesis was assessed by the measurement of VEGF-A and VEGFR-1 and VEGF signaling regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor tissue. Results: Phytosomal curcumin exerts anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity in-vitro. It also decreases tumor growth and augmented 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anti-tumor effect in-vivo. In addition, our data showed that induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of angiogenesis through modulation of VEGF signaling regulatory miRNAs might be underlying mechanisms by which phytosomal curcumin exerted its antitumor effect. Conclusion: Our data confirmed this notion that phytosomal curcumin administrates anticancer effects and can be used as a complementary treatment in clinical settings.

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Novel Findings of Anti-cancer Property of Propofol

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520617666170912120327 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 156-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jiaqiang Wang ◽

Chien-shan Cheng ◽

Yan Lu ◽

Xiaowei Ding ◽

Minmin Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Anesthesia ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Intravenous Anesthetic ◽

The Past ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Recent Attention

Background: Propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent, is traditionally applied for sedation and general anesthesia. Explanation: Recent attention has been drawn to explore the effect and mechanisms of propofol against cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the proliferation-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing properties of propofol in cancer have been studied. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Conclusion: This review focused on the findings within the past ten years and aimed to provide a general overview of propofol's malignance-modulating properties and the potential molecular mechanisms.

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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Metformin in Cervical Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13112545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2545

Author(s):

Ya-Hui Chen ◽

Po-Hui Wang ◽

Pei-Ni Chen ◽

Shun-Fa Yang ◽

Yi-Hsuan Hsiao

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Potential Role ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Anticancer Effects ◽

Clinical Benefits ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Cervical cancer is one of the major gynecologic malignancies worldwide. Treatment options include chemotherapy, surgical resection, radiotherapy, or a combination of these treatments; however, relapse and recurrence may occur, and the outcome may not be favorable. Metformin is an established, safe, well-tolerated drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes; it can be safely combined with other antidiabetic agents. Diabetes, possibly associated with an increased site-specific cancer risk, may relate to the progression or initiation of specific types of cancer. The potential effects of metformin in terms of cancer prevention and therapy have been widely studied, and a number of studies have indicated its potential role in cancer treatment. The most frequently proposed mechanism underlying the diabetes–cancer association is insulin resistance, which leads to secondary hyperinsulinemia; furthermore, insulin may exert mitogenic effects through the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, and hyperglycemia may worsen carcinogenesis through the induction of oxidative stress. Evidence has suggested clinical benefits of metformin in the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Combining current anticancer drugs with metformin may increase their efficacy and diminish adverse drug reactions. Accumulating evidence is indicating that metformin exerts anticancer effects alone or in combination with other agents in cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. Metformin might thus serve as an adjunct therapeutic agent for cervical cancer. Here, we reviewed the potential anticancer effects of metformin against cervical cancer and discussed possible underlying mechanisms.

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Spironolactone, a Classic Potassium-Sparing Diuretic, Reduces Survivin Expression and Chemosensitizes Cancer Cells to Non-DNA-Damaging Anticancer Drugs

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers11101550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1550 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomomi Sanomachi ◽

Shuhei Suzuki ◽

Keita Togashi ◽

Asuka Sugai ◽

Shizuka Seino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Cells ◽

Kinase Inhibitors ◽

Xenograft Model ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Survivin Expression ◽

Mouse Xenograft Model ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Spironolactone, a classical diuretic drug, is used to treat tumor-associated complications in cancer patients. Spironolactone was recently reported to exert anti-cancer effects by suppressing DNA damage repair. However, it currently remains unclear whether spironolactone exerts combinational effects with non-DNA-damaging anti-cancer drugs, such as gemcitabine and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Using the cancer cells of lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and glioblastoma, the combinational effects of spironolactone with gemcitabine and osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, were examined in vitro with cell viability assays. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we investigated alterations induced in survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein, by spironolactone as well as the chemosensitization effects of the suppression of survivin by YM155, an inhibitor of survivin, and siRNA. We also examined the combinational effects in a mouse xenograft model. The results obtained revealed that spironolactone augmented cell death and the suppression of cell growth by gemcitabine and osimertinib. Spironolactone also reduced the expression of survivin in these cells, and the pharmacological and genetic suppression of survivin sensitized cells to gemcitabine and osimertinib. This combination also significantly suppressed tumor growth without apparent adverse effects in vivo. In conclusion, spironolactone is a safe candidate drug that exerts anti-cancer effects in combination with non-DNA-damaging drugs, such as gemcitabine and osimertinib, most likely through the suppression of survivin.

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The Anticancer Effects of Paeoniflorin and Its Underlying Mechanisms

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x19876409 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1987640

Author(s):

Li-Juan Deng ◽

Yu-He Lei ◽

Tsz-Fung Chiu ◽

Ming Qi ◽

Hua Gan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recent Progress ◽

Antitumor Effect ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Anticancer Effects ◽

Wide Range ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Paeoniflorin (PF) is an important pharmacological component of some Chinese traditional herbal formulas, such as Bai Shao, Chi Shao, and Dan Pi, which have been clinically used for centuries. Although many experimental studies have explored a wide range of pharmacological properties of PF, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and prevention of insulin resistance, there is no review to describe these reported effects systematically, especially the antitumor effect and the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the anticancer profiles both in vitro and in vivo of PF. Moreover, we highlight the integrated molecular mechanisms of PF and contemplate its future prospects as a potential anticancer drug.

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Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides as An Anti-cancer Agent

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520617666171113121246 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 667-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Didem Sohretoglu ◽

Shile Huang

Keyword(s):

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Water Soluble ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Anticancer Effects ◽

Bioactive Component ◽

Cancer Agent ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been used for centuries in Asian countries to treat various diseases and to promote health and longevity. Clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of G. lucidum as an alternative adjuvant therapy in cancer patients without obvious toxicity. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) is the main bioactive component in the water soluble extracts of this mushroom. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that GLP possesses potential anticancer activity through immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects. Here, we briefly summarize these anticancer effects of GLP and the underlying mechanisms.

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Cafestol and Kahweol: A Review on Their Bioactivities and Pharmacological Properties

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20174238 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (17) ◽

pp. 4238 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yaqi Ren ◽

Chunlan Wang ◽

Jiakun Xu ◽

Shuaiyu Wang

Keyword(s):

Furan Ring ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Coffee Beans ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Target Alternative ◽

Anti Inflammation

Cafestol and kahweol are natural diterpenes extracted from coffee beans. In addition to the effect of raising serum lipid, in vitro and in vivo experimental results have revealed that the two diterpenes demonstrate multiple potential pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammation, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-osteoclastogenesis activities. The most relevant mechanisms involved are down-regulating inflammation mediators, increasing glutathione (GSH), inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and anti-angiogenesis. Cafestol and kahweol show similar biological activities but not exactly the same, which might due to the presence of one conjugated double bond on the furan ring of the latter. This review aims to summarize the pharmacological properties and the underlying mechanisms of cafestol-type diterpenoids, which show their potential as functional food and multi-target alternative medicine.

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Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2019-0048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 413-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Han-Qing Liu ◽

Ya-Wen An ◽

A-Zhen Hu ◽

Ming-Hua Li ◽

Guang-Hui Cui

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Western Blot ◽

Hela Cells ◽

Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽

Control Group ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

And Control

AbstractIn this study we investigated the antineoplastic effects of Berberine (BBR)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on HeLa cells and its related mechanisms. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the proliferation and apoptosis of cells respectively. In addition, changes in protein expression levels were assessed using western blot. BBR at dose of 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally to mice with tumors and PDT treatments were performed 24 hours later. In vivo imaging systems were used to evaluate the fluorescence of BBR. In vitro, PDT significantly enhanced the effects of BBR on inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation. The in vivo results showed that the fluorescence intensity in the PDT group was decreased compared with that in the BBR group. Tumor weights and tumor size in the PDT group were less than those in the control group; however, when BBR was applied without PDT, no significant differences were observed between the BBR and control group. The results of western blot showed that PDT enhanced the inhibitory effects of BBR on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, that may partly explain the potential underlying mechanisms.

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Health Benefits of Resveratrol in Kidney Disease: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071624 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1624 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽

Evangelia Tsiani

Keyword(s):

Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Cancer ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Anti Cancer

Different diseases and disorders that affect the kidneys include, but are not limited to, glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, kidney stones, renal fibrosis, sepsis, and renal cell carcinoma. Kidney disease tends to develop over many years, making it difficult to identify until much later when kidney function is severely impaired and undergoing kidney failure. Although conservative care, symptom management, medication, dialysis, transplantation, and aggressive renal cancer therapy are some of the current strategies/approaches to kidney disease treatment, new preventative targeted therapies are needed. Epidemiological studies have suggested that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with health benefits including protection against kidney disease and renal cancer. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes and berries, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer properties. The current review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies examining the nephroprotective effects of resveratrol.

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