Shovelling snow in Finnish Lapland: Social and aesthetic perspectives on an everyday activity

Polar Record ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Strauss-Mazzullo

Abstract For residents of Finnish Lapland, snow frames outdoor and indoor activities during the entire year, both in its presence and in its absence. This article focuses on people’s social and aesthetic perspectives on what is commonly referred to as “snow work”, lumityö. In ethnographic tradition, the aim is to understand “doing living with snow” in contemporary urban society – with snow that falls and, unlike other forms of precipitation, stays around for many months to come, thus creating physical, mouldable obstacles that have mental, social and environmental consequences. The shovelling of snow is considered an important physical activity that allows people to practice their individual expert knowledge and lets them socialise during long annual periods of potential isolation. Hence, apart from its restricting features, snow and ice enhance the meaning of homeowners’ dwelling in the open. In this context, aesthetic and creative concepts are essential where they draw on people’s gardening and artistic skills, and bring satisfaction to those engaging with this mundane and unavoidable activity.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Vera Rimbawani Sushanty ◽  
Ananda Liony Putra

Children in this millennial era cannot be separated from the use of smartphones, of course, without parental supervision, it will have an impact on the development of children's mental and psychological conditions. Excessive use of gadgets causes children to do little or even no physical activity at all, such as playing with their friends. Whereas physical activity in children affects the growth and development of children. Therefore, at the Bhayangkara University Surabaya Real Work Lecture, group 062 students took the initiative to make a playground in Tebel Village, Gedangan District, Sidoarjo Regency on 22 May - 6 June 2021. The children and residents around the play area were very happy and excited to come and take advantage of these facilities. It is expected that children are more active and can socialize with their peers.


Author(s):  
Martin Mergili

Snow- and ice-related hazardous processes threaten society in tropical to high-latitude mountain areas worldwide and at highly variable time scales. On the one hand, small snow avalanches are recorded in high numbers every winter. On the other hand, glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) or large-scale volcano–ice interactions occur less frequently but may evolve into destructive process chains resulting in major disasters. These extreme examples document the huge field of types, magnitudes, and frequencies of snow- and ice-related hazardous processes. Mountain societies have learned to cope with natural hazards for centuries, guided by personal experiences and oral and written tradition. Historical records are today still important as a basis to mitigate snow- and ice-related hazards. They are complemented by a broad array of observation and modeling techniques. These techniques differ among themselves with regard to (1) the type of process under investigation and (2) the scale and purpose of investigation. Multi-scale monitoring and warning systems for snow avalanches are in operation in densely populated mid-latitude mountain areas. They build on meteorological and snow profile data in combination with a large pool of expert knowledge. In contrast, ice-related processes such as ice- or rock-ice avalanches, GLOFs, or associated process chains cause damage less frequently in space and time, so that societies are less well adapted. Even though the hazard sources are often far from the society—making field observation challenging—flows travelling for tens of kilometers sometimes impact populated areas. These hazards are strongly influenced by climate change–induced glacier and permafrost dynamics. On the regional or national scale, the evolution of such hazards has to be monitored at short intervals through aerial and satellite imagery and terrain data, employing geographic information systems (GIS). Known hazardous situations have to be monitored in the field. Physical models—applied either in the laboratory or at real-world sites—are employed to explore the mobility of hazardous processes. Since the 1950s, however, computer models have increasingly gained importance in exploring possible travel distances, impact areas, velocities, and impact forces of events. While simple empirical-statistical approaches are used at broad scales in combination with GIS, advanced numeric models are applied to analyze specific case studies. However, the input parameters for these models are uncertain so that (1) the model results have to be validated with observations and (2) appropriate strategies to deal with the uncertainties have to be applied before using the model results for hazard zoning or dimensioning of protective structures. Due to rapid atmospheric warming and related changes in the cryosphere, hazard situations beyond historical experiences are expected to be increasingly relevant in the future. Scenario-based modeling of complex systems and process chains therefore represents an emerging research direction.


Author(s):  
Pia Andersen ◽  
Sara Holmberg ◽  
Kristofer Årestedt ◽  
Lena Lendahls ◽  
Per Nilsen

The effectiveness of counsellor support in addition to physical activity on prescription (PAP) from health care professionals has rarely been evaluated. This observational follow-up study investigated differences in physical activity levels and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) one year after PAP regarding patients’ use of counsellor support in addition to PAP in routine care. The study was conducted in a Swedish health care region in which all patients receiving PAP from health care professionals were offered counsellor support. Data were collected from medical records and questionnaires (baseline and follow-up). Of the 400 study participants, 37% used counsellor support. The group of counsellor users attained a higher level of physical activity one year after receiving PAP compared to the group of non-users (p < 0.001). The level of physical activity was measured by a validated index (score 3–19) calculated from weekly everyday activity and exercise training. Comparison of the change in scores between baseline and follow-up showed a significant difference between the two groups, (p < 0.001). The median difference in the PAP + C group was 2.0 (interquartile range, 7.0) and 0.0. among non-users (interquartile range, 4.0). Significant differences in HRQoL were due to positive improvements among counsellor users, with the main improvement in general health. The conclusion is that patients using counsellor support after receiving PAP from health care professionals had higher physical activity and better HRQoL one year after compared with patients who did not use this support.


2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bailey ◽  
Charles Hillman ◽  
Shawn Arent ◽  
Albert Petitpas

Despite the fact that physical activity is universally acknowledged to be an important part of healthy functioning and well-being, the full scope of its value is rarely appreciated. This article introduces a novel framework for understanding the relationships between physical activity (and specifically sport-related forms of physical activity) and different aspects of human development. It proposes that the outcomes of physical activity can be framed as differential ‘capitals’ that represent investments in domain-specific assets: Emotional, Financial, Individual, Intellectual, Physical, and Social. These investments, especially when made early in the life course, can yield significant rewards, both at that time and for years to come. The paper presents a new model—the Human Capital Model—that makes sense of these effects, outlines the different capitals, and briefly articulates the conditions necessary for the realization of Human Capital growth through physical activity.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Niken Enestasia Anggraini ◽  
Lucia Yovita Hendrati

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis represent disease at most found in the world, including in Indonesia. This disease cause pain in bone and disability at patient so disturb everyday activity. One of removed occurrence  of knee Osteoarthritis  was obesity. Other factors like age, gender, physical activity, and habit smoke were risk factors of knee Osteoarthritis . This research was the relationship of obesitas and individuals factors with occurrence knee osteoarthritis at Surabaya Islamic Hospital. The methods of this research was an observation with case control design. Level of sampel was 64 which consist of 32 case group and 32  control group from incomed patient to radiology unit  Islamic Hospital Surabaya for X-Ray photo. The dependent variable was occurence of knee osteoarthritis . The independent variables were obesity, gender, age, physical activity, habit smoke. The instrument used was a questionnaire and form BMI measurement. Data analysis used Chi-Square test with α=0,05 and to know oods ratio (OR)  used statclac. The results showed significant relationship between occurence of knee osteoartritis with obesity (p=0,001,OR=7,20), age (p=0,012,OR=3,67) , gender (p=0,005,OR=4,69). For the characteristic of habit smoke (p=0,268,OR=0,56) and physical activity (p=0.919,OR=0,71) were’nt associated with  occurence of knee Osteoarthritis  at Surabaya Islamic Hospital.  The conclusion there is relationship between obesity with knee osteoarthritis  at Surabaya Islamic Hospital. Risk factor knee osteoarthritis like gender and age also there were relation with occurence of knee osteoarthritis , for the risk factor of physical activity and habit smoke were’nt relation with occurence of knee osteoarthritis. Keyword : Knee osteoarthritis, obesity, individual factors


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Cheng ◽  
Yubing Cheng ◽  
Timo Vihma ◽  
Anna Kontu ◽  
Fei Zheng ◽  
...  

Abstract. Climate change and global warming strongly impact the cryosphere. The rise of air temperature and change of precipitation patterns lead to dramatic responses of snow and ice heat and mass balance. Sustainable field observations on lake air-snow-ice-water temperature regime have been carried out in Lake Orajärvi in the vicinity of the Finnish Space Centre, a Flagship Supersite in Sodankylä in Finnish Lapland since 2009. A thermistor string-based snow and ice mass balance buoy called “Snow and ice mass balance apparatus (SIMBA)” was deployed in the lake at the beginning of each ice season. In this paper, we describe snow and ice temperature regimes, snow depth, ice thickness, and ice compositions retrieved from SIMBA observations as well as meteorological variables based on high-quality observations at the Finnish Space Centre. Ice thickness in Lake Orajärvi showed an increasing trend. During the decade of data collection: 1) The November-May mean air temperature had an increasing trend of 0.16º C/year, and the interannual variations were highly correlated (r = 0.93) with the total seasonal accumulated precipitation; 2) The maximum granular ice thickness ranged from 15 to 80 % of the maximum total ice thickness; 3) The snow depth on lake ice was not correlated (r = 0.21) with the total precipitation. The data set can be applied to investigate the lake ice surface heat balance and the role of snow on lake ice mass balance, and to improve the parameterization of snow to ice transformation in snow/ice models. The data are archived at https://zenodo.org/record/4559368#.YIKOOpAzZPZ (Cheng et al., 2021) 


Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bailey ◽  
Ed Cope ◽  
Daniel Parnell

Abstract. Despite the fact that physical activity is universally acknowledged to be an important part of healthy functioning and well being, the full scope of its value is rarely appreciated.  This paper introduces a novel framework for understanding the relationships between physical activity (and specific forms of activity like sports) and different aspects of human development.  It proposes that the outcomes of physical activity can be framed as differential ‘capitals’ that represent investments in domain-specific assets – Emotional, Financial, Individual, Intellectual, Physical, and Social.  These investments, especially when made early in the life course, can yield significant rewards, both at that time and for years to come.  The paper also outlines some of the conditions necessary for the realization of Human Capital growth through sports and physical activity, focusing on the social factors that influence participation for children and young people.Resumen. A pesar de que la actividad física es reconocida universalmente como una parte importante del funcionamiento saludable y el bienestar, el alcance total de su valor es raramente apreciado. Este artículo presenta un novedoso marco para la comprensión de las relaciones entre la actividad física (y formas específicas de actividad como los deportes) y diferentes aspectos del desarrollo humano. Propone que los resultados de la actividad física pueden enmarcarse como ‘capitales’ diferenciales que representan inversiones en activos relacionados con ámbitos específicos - emocional, financiero, individual, intelectual, físico y social. Estas inversiones, especialmente cuando se realizan pronto en el curso de la vida, pueden dar ventajas significativas, tanto en ese momento como en los años venideros. En el documento también se describen algunas de las condiciones necesarias para la realización de un crecimiento del capital humano a través del deporte y la actividad física, centrándose en los factores sociales que influyen en la participación de los niños y los jóvenes.


1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Owen ◽  
Rosalie H. Day ◽  
Paul Scullion

Physical activity is essential for health but modern lifestyles have become increasingly sedentary. Walking and cycling for transport is exercise that can readily become an habitual everyday activity. Health policy recognises the value of walking and cycling but government policy generally promotes personal car use and transport planning encourages this mode. Hospitals should be at the forefront of promoting healthy transport policy and this study was undertaken to assess the attitudes in hospitals to health-promoting transport and the facilities provided to support it. A questionnaire about attitudes to physical activity, health promotion and walking and cycling was sent to 15 hospitals in metropolitan Adelaide. This was followed up with site visits. Although respondents were aware of the beneficial effects of physical activity only a third translated this into any action. No hospital encouraged walking or cycling for transport. All hospitals had car parking but few had bicycle parking and fewer had facilities that met Australian Standards. In many hospitals overseas, walking and cycling are actively encouraged through improved access, appropriate facilities and even incentives. Hospitals in Adelaide could have a positive health impact by moving beyond 'treatment' and promoting walking and cycling for transport and health.


2018 ◽  
pp. 1215-1229
Author(s):  
Andrew Onwuemele

Urbanization is simply defined as the shift from rural to an urban society, which is triggered by social, economic, and political developments. Nigerian cities are not left out in the global urbanization trends. Nigeria has an annual urban population growth of 5.8 percent. Lagos as the economic focal point of Nigeria has one of highest rates of urbanization. Several scholars have looked into specific sectoral challenges of urbanization in Lagos; however, there is lack of synthesis posing new challenges for policy development. The goal of the chapter therefore is to examine the socio-economic and environmental consequences of urbanization in Lagos State. The chapter relies on empirical results from literature for its analysis. Results indicate two categories of socio-economic and environmental consequences of urbanization in Lagos. The chapter calls for the termination of urban biased development approach of many sub-national governments in Nigeria as well as equitable deployment of development projects.


obvious risk that property would be damaged and that life would thereby be endangered? The ordinary prudent bystander is not deemed to be invested with expert knowledge relating to the construction of the property, nor to have the benefit of hindsight. The time at which his perception is material is the time when the fire is started.’ 4 Why is a man who drives his car whilst distracted by the sight of a ‘pretty girl’ (see R v Reid) not reckless? 5 Parliament has since replaced the offence of causing death by reckless driving with the offence of causing death by dangerous driving. What is the significance of the substitution of the word ‘dangerous’ for ‘reckless’? Will it make convictions easier to come by? Does it make clear that the fault element is totally objective? Does it suggest that the House of Lords in Lawrence was trying to achieve a laudable result by the wrong means (that is, judicial activism to bring careless drivers within the scope of the offence of reckless driving)? 6 It seems fair to assume that Lord Diplock was attempting, in Caldwell and Lawrence, to send out a message that failure to advert to an obvious risk could give rise to criminal liability. Is there any deterrent effect to such decisions? Do members of the general public know about these rulings? If so do they alter their behaviour as a result, or are defendants only aware of the scope of recklessness when they find themselves convicted of offences where Caldwell applies? 7 Significantly, Caldwell recklessness has now effectively been confined to the offence of criminal damage. In W (A Minor) v Dolbey (1989) 88 Cr App R 1 (DC), Robert Goff LJ (on the issue of whether or not the Lawrence (1981) and Caldwell (1981) approach to recklessness was appropriate in relation to offences that could be committed ‘maliciously’ such as malicious wounding contrary to s 20 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861) observed:

1996 ◽  
pp. 175-175

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