Young people, precarious work, and the development of youth employment policies in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyeoun Song
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Asset Bubble ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Policy Target

AbstractJapan's labor market has been under severe strain over the past few decades, driven by its protracted economic recession, a series of labor market reforms, and changing labor management practices. Confronting these new challenges, an increasing number of young people have had extreme difficulties in searching for decent and stable jobs in the labor market, trapped in the vicious cycle of precarious employment. This paper examines the deterioration of employment and labor market conditions for Japan's youth after the collapse of the asset bubble in the early 1990s and the government's policy efforts to address these concerns, especially since the early 2000s, a period during which it has initiated a wide array of youth employment and labor market policies. In particular, it analyzes variations in policy target group and goal across different measures and evaluates the effectiveness and limitations of these programs in dealing with youth problems in the labor market. This paper argues that while the government has promoted various policy tools to help young people become economically and socially independent individuals, it has gradually shifted its policy focus toward human capital development for growth and industrial competitiveness as a way of revitalizing Japan's troubling economy.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEMS OF YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia Bondarevskaya ◽  
◽  
Mariia Kalinina ◽  
Mariia Septa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
State Education

The article considers the main trends of youth employment in the labor market in modern realities. As a result of the study, a statistic alanalysis of economic and social indicators for young people in Ukraine and the relationship with world indicators was conducted. The main recommendations for an effective national policy on this issue were also made. The most important factors influencing youth employment are the state, education and labor market conditions. It is the balance of these factors that will solve the problem of youth employment. Among the main causes of youth unemployment are the following: the growth in the total number of unemployed; the bankruptcy of a significant part of public and private enterprises; the focus of industrial enterprises on self-preservation and survival, rather than the development and expansion of production; the lack of young people with sufficient experience, in connection with which they are finally hired in the presence of vacancies, and the first to reduce when production is reduced; insufficient development of career guidance work with young people in the senior classes of the school; the increase in the structure of labor supply of the share of persons who do not have professions (foreign citizens) and decrease in the prestige of working professions; weak interest of employers in advanced training and retraining of working professionals. The ways of effectively solving this issue are: reforming the education system, encouraging young people to find employment at the educational stage, and providing benefits to enterprises that employ young people. Attention should also be paid to student internships. The other possible way to overcome the problem is studying the experience of other countries. The problem of youth employment is becoming a challenge for the economies of many countries. It is common not only in Eastern Europe, but also in many developing countries. Young people are a vulnerable category of the workforce due to a large set of factors, including: incorrectly chosen specialty, lack of work experience, inflated demands of young people for the future workplace. If you do not pay enough attention to this problem, it can cause many negative consequences. It should be noted that the UN Sustainable Development Goals include the promotion of progressive, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all, including young people.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF THE YOUTH SEGMENT OF THE LABOR MARKET ON THE BASIS OF THE EIGHTH OBJECTIVE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITION OF INDUSTRY 4.0

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Olena Trofymenko ◽  
Lyudmila Bordanova ◽  
Anastasia Volodina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Turnover Ratio

The article is devoted to the study of the youth segment of the labor market on the basis of the eighth goal of sustainable development in Industry 4.0, analysis of the basic principles of functioning and regulation of the youth segment of the labor market - part of the labor market, which is a complex of socio-economic relations. in employment at the age of 14 to 35 years. The state and dynamics of the main indicators of the youth segment of the labor market are analyzed. It is determined that the number of young people aged 25-29 and 30-34 has decreased, which is a negative trend and may indicate migration processes and problems with youth employment in Ukraine. The decrease in the number of young people was proportional to the decrease in the total population of the country. In general, the number of 20-24-year-olds has recently decreased and in the category of 25-29 years, while the number of 30-34-year-olds has increased very slowly until 2018. The dynamics of the average number of full-time employees, the coefficients of labor turnover on hiring and firing are studied. It is determined that the admission rate increased from 2014 to 2017, from 2017 to 2019 there was a decrease in admission. Also, if we consider together the dynamics of the turnover ratio on dismissal and the turnover ratio on admission, we can conclude that there is a high turnover. At the same time, the average number of full-time employees was constantly declining, and in the period from 2015 to 2019 the decline was slow. The basic principles of labor market regulation at three levels of government - national, regional and local - were analyzed. The experience of leading countries in youth employment and factors that stimulate employment were studied. Based on the study, the main recommendations were identified.

scholarly journals YOUTH ADAPTATION TO THE LABOR MARKET CHALLENGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
O. CHUB ◽  
◽  
A. ILYENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Youth Counseling ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to consider the issue of Ukrainian youth adaptation to the challenges on the labor market, which is under the influence of various crisis phenomena. They are related to the influence of both global and special internal factors. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of crisis phenomena on the youth adaptation to the labor market challenges. The object of research is the processes and factors influencing youth employment. The study of theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of the concepts such as “crisis” and “adaptation” revealed a direct connection between these phenomena, where the second imitates the first and affects the development of personality and the formation of new skills for transition. The analysis of the age population structure is carried out, which shows a low indicator in the category ”youth”. The dynamics of the level of youth employment in the periods of crisis fluctuations from 2007 to 2019 is demonstrated and negative trends are revealed. It is determined that due to the impact of crises, the labor market structure has suffered significant losses due to the decrease of the country population, aging of the nation, increased labor migration especially among young people, which leads to loss of labor country potential . Economic issues are the most acute for our state, and young people usually do not have enough experience and money savings to survive the period of trouble. Unemployed youth is a category with a high risk of social degradation, which is threatened by the development of marginal qualities, distortion of consciousness and civic views. Measures aimed at financial support for young people should be a priority, which should be targeted and provide additional employment guarantees. The fastest way is to develop and implement measures that will help young people adapt to the challenges of the organizational labor market. In this aspect, it is important to motivate and coordinate the cooperation of all social partners, which include employers, employment services, schools, higher education institutions and their career centers, NGOs, district education departments, and the authorities. An example is the Community of Employment Centers of leading Ukrainian universities from Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, and Odessa, which was established in 2018 to share experiences of best and effective practices for promoting youth employment within our country. This collaboration has led to large-scale career activities for young people in all these cities, and during the pandemic, quickly find new options for cooperation with business, youth counseling and new career activities online. In order to mitigate the long-term effects of the coronary crisis on the youth labor market, a special program to support youth employment during the crisis should be considered. An example of such a comprehensive program, which can be taken as a model, is the EU program, which was established in 2013 and is aimed at young people aged 15 to 29. The terms of this program provide an opportunity to register young people who have completed the period of formal training and have not been employed for 4 months – for them the program offers employment opportunities, continuing education, internships, individual counseling and mentoring.

scholarly journals Problems of youth in the labor market in modern conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Tetyana Zbrytska ◽  
Vladislav Minin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Youth Labor Market ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Systematic Solution

The article investigates a modern state of youth employment in the labor market. The purpose of the article is to consider of youth segment in the labor market, to study the dynamics of youth employment in recent years and to develop proposals for improving the state of youth employment in Ukraine. Current trends in youth employment and unemployment in the labor market are analyzed. In the process of analysis, such methods of scientific research as analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization were used, which made it possible to ensure the validity of the study. Based on the results of youth employment issues analysis, the main problems faced by young people in finding a job (specific problems in the youth segment of the labor market) are determined, namely: imperfection of the legal framework that regulates labor relations; young people after graduation cannot put their skills and abilities into practice; imbalance in the professional and qualification structure of the labor supply, which does not correspond to the demand in the labor market; lack of professional experience among young people; gender inequality by sex and age; labor migration due to the non-competitiveness of wages in Ukraine compared to wages in Europe. For a systematic solution to the problems of youth labor market, it is necessary to improve the existing mechanism for increasing the level of youth employment, thereby a new impetus will appear for the development of the Ukrainian economy. The main directions of improving the state regulation of the youth segment of the labor market in Ukraine are proposed, namely: the creation of effective interaction between public employment agencies, business and education. An improvement and systemic implementation of the mechanism for increasing youth employment will reduce the outflow of labor force abroad and ensure the competitiveness of the national economy in the long term.

scholarly journals Public Policy and Youth Employment: An Empirical Study of Cameroon's Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Désiré AVOM ◽  
Bernard NGUEKENG ◽  
Iréné TIAKO
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Maximum Probability ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Operator

The aim purpose of this paper is to assess the contribution of public policies on youth employment in Cameroon. To do this, we used the multinomial Logit model that is being followed up for our employment equation. The maximum probability method is the estimation technique used and applied to data extracted from the EISS database (2011). Three main results emerge from this study: (1) young people who wish to self-employment do not have adequate training and the technical and financial support offered to them by the government is insufficient; (2) the incentives proposed by the State to private operator to encourage them to recruit young people do not always contribute to this objective and (3) the massive recruitments carried out by the State fail to pay off all unemployed young people. In this situation, the Cameroonian state should further strengthen the professionalization of training and, above all, guide training offers in the areas that present opportunities in our country. It also needs to strengthen the facilities afforded to private companies to encourage them to recruit more young people. We also suggest that the Cameroonian government provide more technical and material support to young people who are seeking it and, on the other hand, to raise more funds for the bankable projects presented by these Last.

Ensuring youth employment through the activities of small communities in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gurgula ◽  
Yu. Ledovska
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Education Participation

Problem setting. The article examines the possibilities of providing employment for young people through the activities of public communities. An environment that will allow young people to develop themselves in the communities where they were born, live and plan to stay.Recent research and publications analysis. Youth employment is very closely linked to the general employment situation. However, it has its own dimensions and problems that require specific measures. Domestic scholars, for instance, Yu. Palahniuk, O. Shtym, G. Koval, Y. Makogon paid considerable attention to the European experience of youth employment policy, and G. Koval, M. Karpulenko, Y. Hetmanenko studied the state youth policy in general. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The article analyzes the typical challenges of youth employment: unemployment, going abroad; an insufficient level of qualification and opportunities to involve young people through the cooperation of educational institutions and opportunities to involve young people in cooperation of educational institutions; non-formal education; participation in local community self-government. As a result of the research, it is proposed to develop an effective state youth policy in ensuring youth employment in small communities through the development of youth entrepreneurship; activation of youth and involvement in community activities, inclusion of youth in councils and committees. Therefore, the object of study is youth employment through the activities of young communities in Ukraine. Paper main body. In Ukraine, youth unemployment is associated primarily with underdevelopment and economic growth, trends in the international economy’s globalization. It is migration processes that strongly influence the situation on the world labor market because, during the growth of cross-border movements, more and more young people leave their homes in the hope of finding work, which leads to migration from rural areas to cities or other countries. This will have an impact on labor markets in their countries as well as abroad. The International Labor Organization estimates that about 85,3 million young women and men were unemployed worldwide in 2020, or 44 per cent of the world’s unemployed. Many more young people try to earn a living in the informal economy and often end up as unemployed, unskilled young people. To replace older ones, they hire even younger children for lower pay, thus greatly reducing the chances of providing education for both. It is estimated that 59 million young people between the ages of 15 and 17 are employed in unsafe jobs.Unemployment is one of the problems of young people in small communities of Ukraine, as 73% of young people do not see opportunities for even temporary employment due to lack of supply in the market, and 27% due to housekeeping.Traditionally, the lower unemployment rate in rural areas is due to participation in housekeeping. However, this positive fact about the lower unemployment rate among rural youth is reduced by a longer unemployment period. According to the research, the experience of youth unemployment is more devastating for them than for their parents because parents have fewer economic means to support their children. Accordingly, the development of youth in the community is impossible without creating employment conditions.An important factor is to acquaint young people with the trends and directions of development of the whole territorial community and even better involve them in the planning process, allowing them to assess the threats and challenges to the development of small communities. Accordingly, contributing to education and informing about medium-term prospects and available vacancies are practical things that can already make youth unemployment low.The article describes the main provisions of the youth program “DOBRE”, which operates in Ukraine. This program offers its own 4-level system of youth involvement: “Hear youth”, “Develop youth”, “Strengthen youth”, “Support youth”. Addressing the lack of support and activity of young people in small communities is done by creating the opportunities they need for young people, namely creating enough jobs, developing opportunities, decent pay, and creating a sense that young people are included in community life. Also, the priorities are adhered to and supported by the community.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. To solve the problem of youth employment, it is necessary to form state guarantees aimed at stimulating self-employment and entrepreneurial activity of young people; improving the legal framework in the context of preferential taxation of enterprises that hire young workers; active control and monitoring of labor market and educational services indicators to timely adjust and take the necessary measures, as well as to implement a preventive policy of youth employment. An important area of problem-solving is forming a mechanism for effective interaction between government, business and education, which determines the coordination of efforts and joint activities aimed at improving the situation on the labor market and providing young people with jobs. The state’s policy in the field of youth employment needs to be improved, taking into account the current state of the labor market, new trends in social and labor relations through the introduction of best foreign experience and its adaptation to domestic realities.

scholarly journals Managing the Current Situation of Young People in National and European Context in Terms of their Employment

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-91
Author(s):  
Alexandra Patricia Braica
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Member States ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Training Schemes ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Assessment and research into this phenomenon of social marginalization and social exclusion of young people at both national and European levels has as a target to find methods of prevention and reduction of this phenomenon and understand the fact that it is only through communication, debates and dialog that will we be able to establish benchmarks for joint action. Young people are one of the age segments which are most affected by the economic recession. It is also accepted that in each of the Member States of the EU, despite different circumstances and levels of economic development, major issues faced by young people are the same: from access to essential services (such as education and health) and up to their integration into the labour market with a view to achieving a higher standard of living. The decision makers are constantly interested in solving these stringent problems, which can be found in the policies and strategies for economic recovery and fighting the austerity measures adopted by the Member States of the EU, through a series of programs that have as main objectives combating unemployment and poverty among young people and providing opportunities for more active involvement in their community life: political, social, economic, cultural. In Romania, the problem of young people constitutes an issue of major importance for the Government, which has drawn up for the first time an Integrated Strategy of Romania with regard to young people called "National Strategy for Youth 2014-2020", with particular emphasis on the first role that education must play in this context. Examples of solutions identified by the governors are: an increase in public funding for mentoring programs, for the prevention of school dropout rates, establishment of differentiated educational offers, training schemes designed to eliminate lack of qualification in young people, in such a way as to maintain a competitive and well-prepared generation in the country

scholarly journals CAREER DECISION AND READINESS IN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF LAO PDR

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Phanhpakit Onphandala ◽  
Vanvisa Philavong ◽  
Bouadam Sengkhamkhoutlavong
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Government

Background and Purpose: In Lao PDR, young people have been striving to earn higher degrees, especially in economics or business administration, in the hope of having more opportunities to be employed in the public sector. Meanwhile, they also assume a high risk of unemployment, since the government intends to limit the number of approved civil servants. As labor demand is smaller than labor supply, there will be labor surplus and, even worse, the labor market is moving away from its equilibrium. This raises the questions of why young people aspire to work in the government and how they react to this phenomenon. Methodology: This research study involved a field survey which collected data from final year undergraduate students studying in the faculties of economics and business administration using a crosssectional questionnaire. The survey was conducted from June to August 2018. A descriptive analysis was employed to identify determinants of education and career decisions together with level of career readiness. Findings: The research findings from a sample of 571 undergraduate students, majoring in economics and business administration at four public universities in 2018, revealed that the most influential factors affecting career preference are job security and prestige. As competition among government applicants increases, they seem not to be well-prepared in terms of employability skills. Contributions: These research findings will be useful for the improvement of national policies relating to education and labor market development that aim to alleviate labor market inefficiency. Keywords: career decision, readiness, employability skill, undergraduate, Lao PDR Cite as: Onphanhdala, P., Philavong, V., & Sengkhamkhoutlavong, B. (2020). Career decision and readiness in undergraduate students of Lao PDR. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 1-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp1-26

scholarly journals Effective employment of youth: theoretical aspects and factors of influence

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Marina Kryvtsova ◽  
Oleksandra Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article considers the theoretical and methodological aspects of determining the effective employment of young people in terms of modern market transformations in the country. It is determined that this issue is especially relevant in the context of changing the labor market paradigm under the influence of the global pandemic and the active development of new forms of employment (separate work, mixed schedule, use of interactive employment), which to a greater extent affects the interests of young people as the most active part of the labor market. The main approaches to the definition of «effective employment» are analyzed and it is emphasized that such employment, along with economic, also reflects the socio-economic and socio-psychological performance of labor, its environmental aspects. The main aspects of the definition and indicators of evaluation of effective employment at the level of the state, enterprise and individual are studied. It is determined that regardless of the level of measurement of effective employment, it should combine social and economic efficiency for both society and the individual (youth). Based on a study of opinion polls conducted in different years among young people, it was concluded that for this category of population to achieve effective employment is important and, given the significant human potential at the beginning of working life, necessary. Considering the achievement of effective youth employment from a practical standpoint, the necessary skills to realize the human potential of youth and success in the labor market were studied. The advantages and obstacles for young people in the labor market in the process of achieving effective employment are considered. The analysis of various factors influencing youth employment is carried out. It is determined that depending on the connection with the external environment, the factors influencing the effective employment of young people at the regional level can be divided into external and internal. The influence of external factors is analyzed. The main directions of youth policy on effective employment are formulated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document