Pro-embryos of Lupinus spp. produced from isolated microspore culture

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bayliss ◽  
J. M. Wroth ◽  
W. A. Cowling
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Sucrose Starvation ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Embryo Stage ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Pasture Plants

Several species of lupin (Lupinus spp.) are grown in Australia as crop and pasture plants. Lupin breeding, and legume breeding in general, is constrained by the inability to produce doubled haploid (DH) plants, which would accelerate the selection and release of new varieties. This technology is still in the developmental phase for legumes, although other major grain crops such as wheat, barley, and canola successfully use DHs on a commercial scale. A new, reproducible method of microspore culture that leads to cell division and pro-embryos in lupin is reported here. Microspores at the late uninucleate stage of development are mechanically isolated from lupin buds and embryogenesis induced by a combined heat shock and sucrose starvation stress treatment. Addition of further components to the growth medium promotes division of up to 50% of microspores to ≥16 cells within 24 h. Further development of these multicellular structures or pro-embryos appears to be limited by the rigid outer exine layer, which needs to rupture for continued cell division to the globular embryo stage. Further research is required to break this barrier to development of haploid lupin embryos.

Modification of cell division by phorbol ester in preimplantation mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
E.T. Mystkowska ◽  
W. Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Single Blastomeres

2-cell mouse embryos were treated in vitro with a 2 h pulse of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) at 32nd, 38th and 50th h after hCG, then chased in culture for up to 46 h. Embryos were fixed at various time intervals of chasing, then stained and inspected. Some embryos were carefully inspected with a video recording system, every 1.44s and the cell divisions (cytokinesis) as well as formation of large, single blastomeres, each from two smaller ones, were recorded. PMA pulse let to the suppression of cell divisions. The rate of the suppression was time dependent: with a delay of 0–1, 12 and 18 h between the PMA pulse and time of scheduled cell division about 99, 87 and 44% of 2-cell embryos remained at this stage of development, for at least 10 h, respectively, and 90, 58 and 12% of their blastomeres revealed binuclearity. Since we found that PMA-mediated formation of binuclearity was not the effect of cell fusions, it was assumed that the inhibition of cytokinesis preceded by karyokinesis was responsible for binuclearity. PMA effect on cell divisions was reversible. PMA-treated embryos revealed formation of large, single blastomeres, each from two smaller ones. If cell division appeared after PMA pulse, in about 52% of 3- to 6-cell embryos, the large blastomere formation was recorded in the course of the subsequent 38 h. Large blastomere formation was concluded to be the result of either cell fusion or reversion of incompleted cytokinesis brought about by PMA.

scholarly journals Results and prospects for the development of scientific research in FSBSI FSVC

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
O. N. Pyshnaya ◽  
L. K. Gurkina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation

The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research at the FSBSI FSVC, shows the directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. One of the main ways to increase the efficiency of the breeding process is the use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics, which make it possible to obtain new genotypes and reduce the time of breeding. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The institution pays special attention to immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. One of the important theoretical and practical problems solved at the institution is the development of environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. In the center, a new direction of research in traditional breeding has received significant development - the creation of varieties of vegetable plants with an increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots, depending on the biochemical composition, has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out on the development of technologies for the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids, as well as technologies for their seed production. At the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions, hospitals were established to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocenoses (crop rotation, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and plant protection). In general, at the FSBSI FSVC, all research is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation.

THE PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATING ENGLISH COMPUTER MULTIMEDIA VIDEO GAMES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (31) ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
Daria Hnatenko ◽  
Yuliia Venher ◽  
Tetyana Druzhyna
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
English Language ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Effective Models ◽  
Further Development

The non-equivalent lexis is one of the most common problems arising while translating multimedia video games. The relevance of this study is due to the great popularity of computer video games among contemporaries of different ages and social context. This leads to the need to introduce high-quality and faithful professional translation into Ukrainian, as well as the study, analysis and further development of possible effective models for solving problems in the field of translation and localization of video games. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of Ukrainian translation and localization of English-language computer games for the further implementation of universal translation solutions in theoretical and applied aspects at the present stage of development of translation studies. The analysis of the computer multimedia video games translation aimed at distinguishing the prominent translation tactics has allowed to draw the following conclusions. The most common there has proved to be the tactic of the foreign language coloring preservation, realized chiefly by means of the operation of transliteration, employed to render most terms. Loan translation is most uncommon in Ukrainian translations of computer video games. The chief advantage of the translations under analysis there should be considered their lexical, grammatical and stylistic accuracy with the full rendering of the content. The most common translation strategy there turned out to be the strategy of communicative-equal translation. The result of the research will allow avoiding possible difficulties in the future and finding out the ways of their solution. This will result in the optimization of the translation quality which in its turn will cause improvement of the final product’s quality and further popularization of computer video games.

scholarly journals Developmental decisions in Aspergillus nidulans are modulated by Ras activity.

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 5333-5348 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Som ◽  
V S Kolaparthi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Concentration Threshold ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Further Development

To better understand how Ras controls development of multicellular organisms, we have chosen Aspergillus nidulans as a model system. When grown on solid medium, this fungus follows a well-defined program of development, sequentially giving rise to several cell types which produce three distinct structures: vegetative hyphae, aerial hyphae, and the conidiophore structure. Here we describe a ras homolog found in this fungus (Aras) and demonstrate that it is an essential gene that regulates the ordered program of development. We created dominant alleles of this gene and expressed them to different levels in order to vary the ratio of GTP-bound (active) to GDP-bound (inactive) A-Ras protein. When the amount of active Ras is large, nuclear division proceeds, but further development is inhibited at the early step of germ tube formation. At an intermediate level of active Ras, aerial hypha formation is inhibited, while at a low level, conidiophore formation is inhibited. Maintenance of an even lower level of the active Ras is essential for initiation and progression of conidiophore formation, the final stage of development. When the level of active Ras is artificially lowered, each stage of development is initiated prematurely except germination, the initial stage of development. Therefore, the progression of the ordered developmental pathway of A. nidulans is dependent upon an initial high level of active Ras followed by its gradual decrease. We propose that several concentration threshold exist, each of which allows development to proceed to a certain point, producing the proper cell type while inhibiting further development.

Ultrastructural changes of the plasmalemma and the cell wall during the life cycle of Cyanidium caldarium

1968 ◽  
Vol 171 (1023) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Cyanidium Caldarium ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Dominant Feature

During the life cycle of the unicellular alga Cyanidium caldarium the surfaces of the plasmalemma and the adjacent cell wall develop a number of differentiated structures which can be demonstrated with the freeze-etching technique. While cell division takes place, the plasma membrane is undifferentiated and covered with randomly distributed 55 and 80 Å particles as well as small holes from torn out particles that can be found adhering to the adjacent cell wall. The 80 Å particles possess a substructure and sometimes 40 Å fibrils can be seen leading from these particles into the cell wall. Just after cell division, shallow depressions showing a hexagonal surface pattern with a spacing of 105 Å and arrays of approximately hexagonally packed 55 Å particles are formed on the plasmalemma. The corresponding structures found on the cell wall are particle-studded humps, which fit into the shallow depressions, and faintly striated regions, which match the 55 Å particle arrays. During the next stage of development, the hexagonally patterned shallow depressions on the plasma membrane are transformed into regularly striated 300 to 350 Å wide and approximately 250 Å deep folds, while the arrays of 55 Å particles increase in size. On the adjacent cell wall we can follow the development of the particle-studded humps into ridges covered with 70 Å particles. The plasmalemma of old mature cells is characterized by long striated folds that replace nearly all network structured depressions, and a few small arrays of 55 Å particles. Long ridges covered with particles are the corresponding dominant feature on the inside of the cell wall. Prior to cell division, the striated folds and the other differentiations of the plasmalemma are broken down and eventually disappear so that the cell has again an undifferentiated ‘embryonic’ plasma membrane for cell division. Simultaneously the differentiated structures on the cell wall disappear. All the described particles and units forming plasma membrane differentiations seem to be confined to the surface layer of the plasmalemma. The outlined development cycle of the plasmalemma of Cyanidium shows that biological membranes have the potential to differentiate in time and space.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECT OF THE FORMATION OF THE INSTITUTE OF ACCESSORY OBLIGATIONS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (67) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
R. Truhan ◽  
S Nadtochij
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development

The subject of the article is the study of the theoretical and legal aspect of the development of the institution of accessory obligations. The genesis of the category of "accessory" in Roman law is considered, where the formula of the ancients is derived: the validity of the accessory legal relationship is predetermined by the reality of the basic legal relationship, and was quite simple and concise, there is no basic obligation - no additional one. The evolution of "accessory" in domestic civil law is revealed, which consists in the following: in pre-revolutionary civil law, the theory of security deviated from accessory for the sake of convenience for the circulation of security obligations; in the Soviet period, the identification of the terms "security" and "accessory" obligation took root in the scientific circulation; and at the present stage of development of the theory of accessory in Russian civil law, the concept of "accessory" is identified with a security obligation.The author comes to the conclusion about the multidimensionality of the category of "accessory", which consists in the fact that in the course of the development of law, the understanding of accessory obligations has undergone significant changes, going from the perception of accessory as a kind of obligation that ensures the return of debt and the transfer of "belonging" to the goods sold, to its identification with security obligations in general. Gradually, in the legal doctrine, the opinion was fixed that different types of obligations have the property of accessory, and each of them has its own characteristic features and has its own specifics. According to the authors of the article, the further development of the civilistic doctrine of the accessory of obligations will contribute to the final consolidation of the definition of "accessory" within the framework of Russian civil law.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE ACCOUNTING OF BEET GROWING PRODUCTS IN CONDITIONS OF INNOVATIVE PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
Kateryna BURKO
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Current State ◽  
Production Development ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Further Development

The article provides a brief analysis of the current state of beet growing in Ukraine. It was determined that one of the areas of revival, formation and further development of sugar beet farming is to ensure the rapid application of innovative developments. The introduction of new domestic high-performance hybrids contributes to obtaining high yields of sugar beet and bringing Ukraine to a new level of production and sale of sugar. It is established that the introduction of management accounting in research institutions is aimed at solving a number of tasks that are associated with their influence on the level of production and increasing the economic efficiency of the implementation of research and development results in beet growing. It is proposed to systematize the objects of management accounting in sugar beet production by fields of activity and by stages of work. The necessity of distinguishing in the management accounting of such objects as: new varieties and hybrids of sugar beet; new means of mechanizing the cultivation of sugar beet; new fertilizers and means of combating diseases and pests.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS OF ECONOMIC SPECIALTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
Kateryna KOVALOVA
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
New Information ◽  
Professional Requirements ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
Further Development

The article deals with the development and formation of information competence of students of economic specialties. It is shown how information competence of students affects the further development of the professional qualities of future managers The analysis of the problem of information competence is carried out. The modern stage of development of society is characterized by widespread use of computer technology, new information technologies, telecommunications, and new types of documentary communication, respectively, increasing demands for professional training of specialists, in particular, to the level of their competence in the field of computer science and computer equipment (information competence). A student should be able to work in the information space, receive information and operate with it in accordance with his own needs and requirements of the modern information society. Information competence, which is shown in the knowledge, skills and abilities of active independent processing of information by means of modern information technologies, serves as the basis of the intellectual potential of the future bachelor- economist in accordance with the professional requirements of the society. And the formation of informational competence of future bachelors of the economy acts as a necessary condition for obtaining high-quality professional higher education.

QUALITY PARAMETERS OF THE FRUITS OF NEW CHERRIES VARIETIES

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Т. G. Prichko ◽  
Е. М. Alekhina
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The South ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
New Varieties

The paper presents the main results of many years of work in FEDERAL state budgetary scientific institution "North-Caucasian zonal research Institute of horticulture and viticulture" on formation of perspective the assortment of sweet cherry in the South of Russia. widely spread in all zones of fruit growing of Krasnodar region and is very popular among the population. At the present stage of development of horticulture the main objective for plant breeders when they create new varieties is to increase the marketability of fruits – selection of large-fruited varieties, featuring an attractive, high-quality fruits with high content in fruits of vitamins and biologically active compounds. New sweet cherry varieties with a high commodity and consumer qualities of fruit, and are characterized by high potential productivity, annual productivity, a high resistance to the most harmful diseases. Using various methods of breeding new varieties of different ripening from early to late, that guarantees the possibility of production of fruits of sweet cherry varieties of different ripening in the gardens of the southern region of Russia. Positive characteristics of the new varieties offer a reliable guarantee of their implementation in the industrial gardens. The description of the zoned and perspective grades of a sweet cherry breeding Institute various ripening: adapted to the conditions of the southern region: the Caucasus improved, Madonna, Caucasian, Sasha, Morning Kuban, Velvet, Witch, Black eyes, Clear sun, the South, the Contrast of the red girl, scarlet, poppy, Radiant.

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