scholarly journals Anatomical Comparison of Two Grammatophyllum spp. (Orchidaceae) Species and Their Specific Ecological Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
S Ishmah ◽  
D Metusala ◽  
Nisyawati ◽  
J Supriatna
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
T Test ◽  
Ecological Adaptation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Anatomical Characters

Abstract The genus Grammatophyllum (Orchidaceae) has two sections with a very different habitus. The Grammatophyllum from section “Grammatophyllum” has a long cylindrical pseudobulb with linear leaves, while the Grammatophyllum section “Gabertia” has a shorter pseudobulb with a larger diameter and broader lanceolate shaped leaves. The study is aimed to compare the anatomical characters of leaf and root between G. speciosum (representation of “Pattonia” section) and G. scriptum (representation of “Gabertia” section). Leaf and root sections were obtained using the mini-microtome with liquid preservation method in 10 replications. Data were analyzed statistically using a t-test at 5% significance. The results showed significant differences between the two species in the leaf’s primary vascular bundle area, velamen area, number of velamen layers, root’s cortex area, and stele area. Future research with more organs and parameters being explored and experimental research regarding its anatomical response to drought is suggested.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING THINK-TALK-WRITE STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Pratiwi And Lince Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
T Test ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Written Test ◽  
Experimental Group

This study is an attempt to discover the effect of applying Think-Talk-Write strategy on students’ achievement in writing descriptive text. The objective of this study were to find out whether applying Think-Talk-Write strategy affect the students’ achievement in writing descriptive text. This study was an experimental research. In conducting the research, the writer used 60 students of Al-Fattah Senior High School Medan as the sample. The 60 students were taken from two classes and they were divided into two groups namely the experimental group who was taught by using Think-Talk-Write strategy and the control group who was taught without Think-Talk-Write strategy. The data of the test were collected by administering written test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The result of the analysis shows that the value of t-observed is higher than the value of t-table (2,3> 2,00 (α = 0.05)) with the degree of freedom (df) = N-2 = 58. It means that there is significant effect of applying Think-Talk-Write strategy on students’ achievement in writing descriptive text. So the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. The conclusion is that applying Think-Talk-Write strategy can encourage and increase the students’ achievement in writing descriptive text. Therefore, it is suggested that English teacher should try to apply this strategy.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING SQ3R METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranata Royganda Sihaloho And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study is to discover the effect of applying SQ3R method inreading comprehension. Experimental research design is used as the research method.This research took place at SMA Nasrani 2Medan. There were 2 classes chosen as thesample with 30 students in each class. The classes were divided into two groups namelyexperimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by using SQ3Rmethod and the control group was taught by using conventional method. The instrumentused to collect the data was a set of multiple choice tests, which divided as pre test andpost test. The result of the research was analyzed by using t-test formula. The resultshowed that t-test was higher than t-table (4,23>2,00) at the level of significant 0,05with degree of freedom (df) 58. It means that hypothesis alternative (Ha) is acceptedwhich shows that SQ3R method significantly improves the student’s readingcomprehension.

UTILIZING GRAPHIC ORGANIZER STRATEGY IN TEACHING WRITING ON NARRATIVE PARAGRAPH

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Nurjannah Nurjannah ◽  
Taufiq Hidayah ◽  
Muhammad Nazar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Research Result ◽  
T Test ◽  
Teaching Writing ◽  
Graphic Organizer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This research is entitled “Using graphic organizer strategy in teaching writing on narrative paragraph (experimental research). Writing is a very important subject that should be learned by English learners. The students should be able to express their ideas and opinion either in the form of a sentence or paragraph. However, the researcher found that many students at the Second Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Luas could not express their ideas and develop into the paragraph. Hence, the appropriate strategy of teaching and learning is very important to help students master writing skills. This research aims to know the effect of achievement between the students who are taught writing by using graphic organizers from those taught writing in the narrative by using traditional methods. This research was experimental research and used a quasi-experimental design. The samples chosen in this research were the whole students of class VIII2 and VIII4 of SMPN 1 Tanah Luas. Class VIII2 consisted of 25 students was chosen as experimental group and class VIII4 consisted of 24 students was chosen as control group. This research was conducted in three phrases; there were pre-test, treatments and post-test. The data collection technique used in this research was test. The tests were pre-test and post-test. The researcher gave pre-test before giving treatment and post-test after giving treatment. The treatment was conducted in three meetings. The data was analyzed by using t-test formula. The research result and the hypothesis authentication found by using t-test formula in significant level 5% or α = 0.05 were obtained that ttest > ttable. The ttest found in this research was 3.91. Meanwhile, ttable was gotten from the list of distribution value with degree of freedom = 47, because the data not in the table, the researcher used interpolation approach and obtained = 1.67. So >  = 3.91 > 1.67. It meant that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. So, graphic organizer strategy significantly affects the students’ ability in mastering writing.   Kata Kunci: graphic organizer strategy, teaching and learning, writing narrative paragraph

scholarly journals Value-added and Transparent Experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 147892992110594
Author(s):  
Peter John Loewen ◽  
Daniel Rubenson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
Combined Features ◽  
Public Scrutiny

Experimental research by political scientists on elites has grown dramatically in recent years. Experimenting on and with elites raises important questions, both practical and ethical. Elites are busy people, doing important work under public scrutiny. Therefore, any experiments that use up political elites’ time, risk impairing their ability to do their jobs as well as possible, or put at risk the larger research community’s access to elites should be avoided. Nevertheless, despite these risks and challenges, we argue experimenting with elites has enough benefits both to the research community and to elites themselves, that it should still be done. The relevant question then becomes how should we think about doing experiments with political elites? We propose a framework of value-added and transparent experiments. Our framework is guided by the following two simple rules: Elite subjects should individually benefit from the process of doing the experiment. It should add value to their role as representatives. Second, the identity of the researchers and purposes of the experiment should be transparent. As we argue, these two combined features can still accommodate a large range of experiments, can creatively spark researchers to think up new designs and can protect access to elites for future research. We review two such examples at the end of this essay.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Anatomi Kadaver Dibandingkan Video Terhadap Pemahaman Neuroanatomi pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Prasetya Utami ◽  
Yunia Hastami ◽  
Siti Munawaroh ◽  
Nanang Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental

<p><strong>Pendahuluan : </strong>Neuroanatomi merupakan ilmu penting bagi kedokteran, namun<strong> </strong>masih ditemukan mahasiswa kedokteran yang merasa kesulitan memahami pembelajaran neuroanatomi. Salah satu faktor yang berperan penting adalah media pembelajaran anatomi. Kadaver merupakan media pembelajaran anatomi tradisional yang masih digunakan hingga saat ini dengan berbagai kekurangan dan kelebihan  yang dimilikinya. Sedangkan media video merupakan media pembelajaran anatomi yang diniliai lebih praktis dan sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman, sehingga di nilai bisa sebagai media alternatif selain kadaver. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas media pembelajaran anatomi menggunakan kadaver dibandingkan video terhadap pemahaman neuroanatomi mahasiswa kedokteran.</p><p><strong>Metode : </strong>Jenis penelitian ini ialah Quasi Experimental Research dengan Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi kedokteran UNS tahun 2019. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 42 oranag. Data kemudian diolah dengan uji Paired Sample T-Test dan Independent T-test menggunakan program SPSS 22.</p><p><strong>Hasil : </strong>Hasil Paired Sample T-Test kelompok kadaver dan video menunjukan nilai Sig. (2-tailed) &lt; 0,05 yaitu 0,000. Sehingga media kadaver maupun video dinilai efektif terhadap pemahaman neuroanatomi mahasiswa. Hasil uji Independent T-test untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara efektivitas media pembelajaran anatomi menggunakan kadaver dibandingkan video terhadap pemahaman neuroanatomi mahasiswa kedokteran memperlihatkan nilai p = 0,730, sehingga menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan karena p 0,05 pada taraf signifikan 5%.</p><p><strong>Kes</strong><strong>impulan : </strong>Media pembelajaran anatomi kadaver maupun video terbukti efektif meningkatkan pemahaman neuroanatomi pada mahasiswa kedokteran. Selain itu, media pembelajaran anatomi kadaver dibandingkan video memiliki efektivitas yang sama terhadap pemahaman neuroanatomi pada mahasiswa kedokteran</p><p><strong>Kata kunci : Kadaver; Video Anatomi; Pemahaman Neuroanatomi</strong></p>

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING WEBTOONS TO DEVELOP STUDENTS’ SPEAKING PERFORMANCE ON RECOUNT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-476
Author(s):  
Hay Citra Ningrat ◽  
Linda Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
T Test ◽  
Interactive Teaching ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Speaking Performance ◽  
Paired T Test

Purpose of Study: This research is talking about the use of Webtoons comic in speaking on the recount. The aim of this research is to know whether this media is effective in teaching speaking on the recount. Methodology: It is pre-experimental research with one group of pre test - post test. Thirty students in X-5 class at Muhammadiyah 1 high school Surabaya become the sample. The treatments had been done twice, so there are two pairs of results. Results: The results are administered and calculated by using SPSS 21 for windows (paired T-test). The means of pair 1 are 31.93 (pre-test 1) and 34.77(post test 1). Meanwhile, the means of pair 2 are 32.00 (pre test 2) and 35.77 (post test 2). The sig value for pair 1 is .00 and pair 2 is .00. Based on these figures, it can be said that there is any different before and after the implementation of teaching speaking performance on a recount by using Webtoons. Even the improvement of students’ speaking competence on recount is not much, for the students. Implications/Applications: Webtoons is an interactive teaching medium which makes them more enthusiastic, comfortable and easily arrange their text to be told.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN Sargassum sp. DENGAN SISTEM BUDIDAYA YANG BERBEDA DI TELUK EKAS LOMBOK TIMUR SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAYAAN MATA KULIAH EKOLOGI TUMBUHAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Lutfiawan, Karnan Dan Lalu Japa
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
T Test ◽  
Program Package ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Floating Raft ◽  
Probability Table ◽  
Growth Differences

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pertumbuhan Sargassum sp.yang dibudidaya dengan sistem budidaya yang berbeda di Teluk Ekas Lombok Timur. Jenispenelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen.. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah tanamanSargassum sp yang dibudidayakan dengan sistem budidaya yang berbeda yaitu : rakitterapung dan rakit patok dasar. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan paketprogram komputer pengolahan data yaitu SPSS 16. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan denganmenggunakan uji-t polled varians, dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 dan taraf kepercayaan 95 %,diperoleh t-hitung 11,974 > t-tabel 1,987, atau berdasarkan besarnya nilai probabilitas yangditunjukan, diperoleh probabilitas-hitung 0,00 < probabilitas-tabel 0,05, sehingga Ho ditolakdan Ha diterima, ini artinya terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan Sargassum sp. yang dibudidayadengan sistem budidaya yang berbeda.Kata-kata kunci: Sargassum sp., Teluk Ekas, Sistem budidaya yang berbeda.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to determine growth differences of Sargassum sp., werecultured with different cultivation systems in the Ekas Bay of East Lombok. This research isan experimental research. The sample in this research is Sargassum sp. of cultivated cropswith different cultivation systems, such as : floating raft and raft basic stakes. Processing datewas performed by using a processing date computer program package SPSS 16. Hypothesistesting is done by using t-test polled variance, with a significance level of 0.05 and a level ofvalid 95 %, in order to obtain t count 11.974 > t - table 1,987, or based on the value of theindicated probability, probability-count obtained 0.00 < 0.05 probability- table , so that Ho isrejected and Ha accepted , this means that there are differences in the growth of Sargassumsp. were cultured with different cultivation systems.Key words: Sargassum sp., Ekas bay, Different Cultivation System.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN KOMBINASI FOOTWORK TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KELINCAHAN DAN VOLUME OKSIGEN MAKSIMAL (VO2 Maks)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD FARDIANSYAH ◽  
I Ketut Iwan Swadesi ◽  
Ni Luh Kadek Alit Arsani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Academic Year

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan kombinasi footwork terhadap peningkatan kelincahan dan VO2 Maks. Jenis penelitian adalah Penelitian eksperimen, dengan desain “The Non Randomized Pretest Posttest Design Control Group” Subjek penelitian adalah siswa putra SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Singaraja tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 berjumlah 30 orang siswa. VO2 Maks diukur dengan tes MFT dan kelincahan diukur dengan ilionis agility run. Data dianalisis dengan uji t independent pada taraf signifikansi αKata Kunci : kelincahan, pelatihan kombinasi footwork, VO2 Maks. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of footwork combination training on improving agility and VO2 Max. This research was an experimental research, with the design "The Non Randomized Pretest Posttest Design Control Group". The subjects were the students of SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Singaraja of academic year 2017/2018 as many as 30 students. VO2 Max was measured by MFT test and agility was measured by the illionis agility run. Data were analyzed by independent t test at significance level α keyword : agility, footwork combination training, VO2 Max

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OBSTACLE RACE GAME TOWARD STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN LEARNING GRAMMAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Baiq Deni Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Second Grade Students ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
Positive Effect

This research was aimed to find out the effectiveness of Obstacle Race Game toward students’ motivation in learning grammar and to find out the correlation between students’ motivation and grammar at MA Darul Husaini Sanggeng. The kind of this research is experimental research (quantitative approach). This research design was applied pretest-posttest design. The population of this research was all of the second grade students of MA Darul Husaini Sanggeng. The sample of this research was consist of two classes namely XI-A as experimental class consist of 17 students and XI-B as control class consist of 17 students. The sample technique used in this research was saturated sampling technique. The technique which was used to analysis the data was t-test and r-test formula. From the research data found that the t-test score is higher than t-table (2,635>2, 021). Based on the result of this research, it can be conclude that the Obstacle Race Game has positive effect towards students’ motivation in learning grammar. From the research data found that r-test is higher than r-table (0,990>0,482). It can be conclude that there is correlation between students’ motivation and grammar.

scholarly journals Building up prestasi belajar siswa dengan media inovatif

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Anwar Sewang
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Citizenship Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Average Student

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using image media in learning citizenship education at SMAN 4 Polewali, Polewali Mandar Regency. This type of research is experimental research with inferential statistical analysis using t-test technique. The population in this study were students of class X SMAN 4 Polewali totaling 70 students with a total sampling technique. Data retrieval is done through documentation and test techniques. The results showed that there were differences in student achievement using picture media and those not using picture media, with the experimental group's average student achievement being 80.35 while the control group's student achievement was an average of 60.95.

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