The Difference Between Unfixed and Postfixation Placental Weight

ABSTRACT Objectives Reference values for placental weights correlated with gestational age are used in surgical pathology. Most reference values were established for fresh placentas. Some laboratories routinely fix all placentas, bringing into question the accuracy of the reference weight values. We wanted to determine the impact of fixation on placental weight. Methods One hundred placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies were weighed in the fresh state, after removal of the cord and membranes. After fixation in formalin for 1 day and 5 days, the placentas were reweighed. The change in weight for each placenta was analyzed by a two-tailed paired t test. Results Statistically, a small but significant gain in weight occurred after 24 hours (3.7%, P << .001), and there was no significant change identified in the additional 4 days (P = .51). Nine placentas lost weight with fixation; the weight of four was unchanged. Conclusions We consider formalin fixation to add a statistically significant but clinically negligible amount of weight to the placenta.

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The impact of psychiatry school on attitudes towards psychiatry in medical students and junior doctors in Pakistan

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.71 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S3-S3

Author(s):

Raja Adnan Ahmed ◽

Sanaa Moledina ◽

Usama Asad

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

T Test ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Junior Doctors ◽

Two Samples ◽

The Difference ◽

Individual Scores ◽

The Impact ◽

Paired T Test

AimsTo assess the impact of Psychiatry School on the attitudes towards psychiatry in Pakistani medical students (MS) and junior doctors (JD).MethodInspired by the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ ‘Choose Psychiatry’ campaign, an online event by the name of ‘Psychiatry Autumn School Pakistan’ was held on the 1st of November 2020. The event was promoted through social media and medical students and junior doctors from across Pakistan were invited to attend. Moreover, a panel of British and Pakistani psychiatrists belonging to different sub-specialties was invited to deliver talks. The attendees were provided an insight into psychiatry as a viable career option and were introduced to the training pathways, research opportunities, and the various sub-specialties present within the field.Participants were requested to complete the 'Attitudes Towards Psychiatry' (ATP-30) questionnaires before and immediately after the event. Individual scores on the questionnaire can range from 30 to 150 and a high score indicates a positive attitude. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test.Result41 attendees (MS = 30, JD = 11) completed the pre-and post-school survey. The respondents were majorly female (76%) and from public sector universities (76%), with an average age of 23 years. The mean ATP score before the course was 119 (MS = 117, JD = 121) which increased by 9 points to 128 (MS = 126, JD = 131) after the event. When the two samples were compared using a paired t-test, the difference was statistically significant p < 0.005.ConclusionWe conclude that a psychiatry school can positively influence attitudes towards psychiatry in medical students and junior doctors and our findings are consistent with similar studies done in other countries.In Pakistan, unfortunately, only 2–4% of undergraduate students opt for a career in psychiatry owing to insufficient knowledge and awareness about the available treatment modalities and advancement in the field. Hence, such an intervention can greatly enhance recruitment within the profession as it makes psychiatry more accessible and visible as a career choice, generates awareness about the effectiveness and evolution of psychotherapeutic practices, and eradicates misconceptions about the field that prevail among young doctors.This was the first psychiatry school held in Pakistan and the findings of the study as well the feedback received from the participants and the speakers motivate us to continue campaigning for ‘Choose Psychiatry.’

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The Impact of Moringa Leaves, Katuk Leaves and Oxytocin Massage on Quantity and Quality of Mother's Milk as Patients Health Center in Bali

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques ◽

10.47277/jett/9(1)279 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 275-279

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

T Test ◽

The Third ◽

Psychological Disturbances ◽

Α Level ◽

Postpartum Mothers ◽

The Impact ◽

Paired T Test

The problem of breastfeeding is part of the problem of discomfort in postpartum mothers for 2 hours after giving birth. This problem often causes trauma to postpartum mothers during breastfeeding, psychological disturbances, and increases morbidity in the mother and baby due to inadequate breast milk. The practice of Oxytocin massage, Moringa leaves and Katuk leaves at the same time can improve the quantity and quality of breast milk in maternal patients with 36-40 weeks' gestation. This type of research is quantitative research. Respondents numbered 30 were selected by determining purposive sampling in each group consisting of 10 mothers. Data were analyzed using a Paired t-test and Independent sample t-test with an α level of 0.05. The results showed that there was an increase in the quantity of breastfeeding. On the 3rd day, the quantity of breast milk with volume of 45 cc. In the week I with a volume of 10.50 cc, week II 86.50 cc, week III 168.50 cc and week IV as much as 275 cc. It shows that there are differences in quality on days 3 to week IV. The results of data analysis also showed that the 3rd day the quality of breast milk is rather yellow and rather thick, then the first week to the third week rather yellow and thin. At week IV, the quality of breast milk is white and runny. There is an increase in the quality and quantity of breast milk in all three groups.

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Impact of Planned Teaching Program on COVID- 19 Vaccination in Terms of Knowledge and Attitude among the People in Selected Rural Area of Nadiad Taluka

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i57a33983 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 179-185

Author(s):

Patel Shivangi ◽

Pateliya Jahnvi ◽

Makwana Pinal ◽

Chavda Surbhi ◽

Mahida Rajan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Standard Error ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

T Test ◽

Teaching Program ◽

Chi Square ◽

Rural People ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

The Impact ◽

Paired T Test

Introduction: Vaccination is intended to prevent diseases. Vaccines saves 2-3 million lives every year. A COVID-19 vaccine is one of the best way to provide acquired immunity against COVID -19. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program in terms of knowledge and attitude [1]. Objective: To assess the impact of planned teaching program on COVID- 19 vaccination in terms of knowledge and attitude among the rural people. Method: A quantitative study with one group pre test post test design was conducted at various rural places of Nadiad Taluka. A total 60 people were enrolled in to the study. A structured knowledge questionnaire and likert attitude scale was built that contained information regarding COVID 19 vaccination. The effect of teaching program was analyzed by statically Results: T-test and chi square test was used to find the association with selected demographic variables. In the knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccination range was 8, mean was 0.849 standard deviation was 0.357, standard error mean was 0.0595. In the attitude range was 33, mean was 4.345, standard deviation was 0.797, standard error mean was 0.132. A knowledge paired t-test value was 5.30 and the attitude paired t-test value was 6.57 was. Conclusion: The planned teaching program was effective in increasing knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 vaccination among the rural people of Nadiad Taluka.

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The influence of kihap on the impact of Dolio-chagui kicks in taekwondo

Motriz Revista de Educação Física ◽

10.1590/s1980-65742014000100008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 54-57

Author(s):

Rodrigo Dias Martins ◽

Debora Cantergi ◽

Jefferson Fagundes Loss

Keyword(s):

Martial Arts ◽

Random Order ◽

T Test ◽

Real Effect ◽

The Real ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

The kihapis a technique used in several oriental martial arts. It is a yell used by practitioners with the ex pectation of enhancing the force of a hit. However, the real effect of using the kihapis unknown. Therefore, this study aims to compare the peak of acceleration of the Dolio-chaguikick in taekwondo performed with and without the use of kihap. Twenty two experienced taekwondo practitioners performed 30 kicks each against a punching bag, alternating in random order with and without kihap, while the acceleration of the punching bag was measured. A t-test was used to compare the difference between the mean acceleration in both conditions. Higher values were found with the use of kihap(7.8 ± 2.8 g) than without the use of kihap(7.1 ± 2.4 g), p< 0.01, r= 0.57. The results indicate that kihapenhances the impact of the kick.

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Analysis of the impact of the Work From Home Policy on Changes in Stock Prices and Transaction Volume Study of Telecommunications Companies at IDX

AKUNTABILITAS Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Ekonomi ◽

10.35457/akuntabilitas.v13i2.1281 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 30-38

Author(s):

Arie Setyo Dwi Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Stock Prices ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Price Change ◽

Test Sample ◽

T Test ◽

Work From Home ◽

Sample Test ◽

The Impact ◽

Telecommunications Companies ◽

Paired T Test

The work from home policy due to the COVID 19 pandemic is an alternative in preventing the spread of the COVID 19 virus. The general public must get used to working and learning by utilizing telecommunications networks to support work. The increase in internet network traffic is expected to provide a stimulus for telecommunications companies. This study examines the sentiment of work from home to changes in price and transaction volume of shares of two companies, namely PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk and PT. XL Axiata. Tbk. The analysis technique in this study uses quantitative analysis techniques with a paired t-test sample test. Data collected from the Indonesia Stock Exchange with the type of secondary data. Researchers used the paired t-test sample test using SPSS 21 software. The results showed that PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk indicated a significant price change of Rp. 343 before the policy but the volume of transactions increased after the announcement of the work from home policy. PT XL Axiata Tbk had a significant change of Rp. 126 which was higher before the work from home policy, but the transaction volume had no significant effect before and after the work from home policy.

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The Effect of Coatings on Cutting Force in Turning of C45 Steel

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma15020590 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 590

Author(s):

Jaroslav Kovalčík ◽

Petr Mašek ◽

Jan Malý ◽

Pavel Kožmín ◽

Jiří Syrovátka

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Cutting Force ◽

Correction Factor ◽

Cutting Speed ◽

Model Material ◽

T Test ◽

Cutting Edge ◽

Percentage Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Paired T Test

This article focuses on the development of a mathematical model of a cutting force that is applicable for coated and uncoated cutting tool inserts and aims to enable more accurate calculation of the cutting force. Two common PVD coatings, AlTiN and TiAlCrN, were used. Firstly, a mathematical model of the cutting force based on the specific cutting force and cutting area is proposed. This mathematical model considers the cutting speed and coating correction factor as well as the real cutting edge geometry, i.e., it includes both the straight and rounded parts of the cutting edge. For this proposed model, material constants for C45 steel, which was machined with uncoated inserts, were obtained. Before determining an equation for a coating correction factor and implementing it into the model, experimental cutting force data for coated and uncoated inserts were compared using a paired t-test. The result was that the difference between them was statistically significant. Their percentage difference was found to be up to 4%. The correction factor equation that was obtained and implemented into the mathematical model was applied to compare the calculated and experimental data of the coated inserts, also using a paired t-test. The result was that the difference between them was insignificant. Moreover, their percentage difference was found to be up to 0.6%.

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Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin Ibu Hamil Anemia dengan Kombinasi Pemberian Tablet Fe dan Madu

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.26630/jk.v12i2.2440 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 242

Author(s):

Ahmady Ahmady ◽

Zulhaini Sartika A. Pulungan ◽

Edi Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Experimental Research ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Natural Material ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Difference ◽

Paired T Test

The problem for pregnant women is iron anemia. The natural material that contains iron is honey. The study aims to determine the difference in hemoglobin levels in pregnant anemic who are supplemented Fe tablets and honey. Quasi-experimental research with nonrandomized pretest and posttest with control group design. Samples amounted to 30 people with purposive sampling technique. Analysis using paired t-test and independent sample t-test. The hemoglobin levels of anemic pregnant given Fe tablets only increased by 0,31gr/dl (3,21%), while those given Fe tablets and honey increased 1,06gr/dl (12,20%). Combination Fe tablets and honey can be an alternative for increasing hemoglobin in anemic pregnant.

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Vliv změny pravidel v roce 2010 na střelbu hráčů Národní basketbalové ligy

Studia sportiva ◽

10.5817/sts2015-2-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 77-84

Author(s):

Václav Svoboda ◽

Emil Řepka

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Male Competition ◽

T Test ◽

F Test ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Rules Changes ◽

The Impact ◽

Paired T Test

The aim of our study is to identify and evaluate the impact of rules changes in 2010 on success of two-point shooting and three-point shooting between selected Czech and foreign players taking part in National Basketball League- top male competition in the Czech Republic who have met with our specifi ed conditions in examined seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11. There are following methods used in the very research in the empirical part: Student’s paired t-test, Two-sample F-test, Student’s unpaired t-test of equality of variances and Size of eff ect. The results of these tests has statistically confi rmed our hypotheses H1 and H2 – it means decreasing of two-point shooting success in season 2010/11 for all examined players and reducing of success at three-point throws between players with Czech nationality. On the contrary, it has not confi rmed the hypothesis H3, thus increasing of three-point shooting success in season 2010/11 between foreign players. Substantively, we consider as an essential result the 20.1% negative impact of the rules changes on success of three-point shooting for players of Czech nationality.

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PENGARUH PELANTIKAN KABINET KERJA HASIL RESHUFFLE JILID II TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM LQ-45

Jurnal Economia ◽

10.21831/economia.v13i1.11797 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Aulia Hatmanti ◽

Bambang Sudibyo

Keyword(s):

Event Study ◽

Stock Prices ◽

Abnormal Return ◽

T Test ◽

Good News ◽

Political Event ◽

Paired Sample ◽

The Difference ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

The Impact

Abstrak: Pengaruh Pelantikan Kabinet Kerja Hasil Reshuffle Jilid II terhadap Harga Saham LQ-45. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh peristiwa politik-pelantikan Kabinet Kerja hasil reshuffle jilid II-terhadap harga saham yang terdaftar dalam kelompok saham LQ-45. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi peristiwa untuk melihat adanya reaksi pasar yang dapat dilihat dari adanya abnormal return pada saham. Abnormal return pada penelitian ini dihitung menggunakan mean-adjusted model. Berdasarkan hasil uji beda t-test satu sisi, terdapat abnormal return positif yang signifikan pada event day (t) dan t+3. Uji beda rata-rata menggunakan paired sample t-test yang dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan rata-rata abnormal return pada 5 hari sebelum dan 5 hari sesudah peristiwa tidak menunjukkan adanya hasil yang signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa peristiwa politik berupa pelantikan Kabinet Kerja hasil reshuffle jilid II merupakan good news bagi investor. Kata kunci: studi peristiwa, abnormal return, LQ-45, peristiwa politik Abstract: The Impact of the Inauguration of 2nd Reshuffled Cabinet on LQ-45 Stock Prices. The purpose of this research is to observe the impact of the political event the inauguration of 2nd reshuffled cabinet-to LQ-45 group’s stock prices. This study used event study method to identify the market reaction that can be seen from the abnormal return on the stock prices. The abnormal return is calculated using mean-adjusted model. T-test indicates that there is a significant positive abnormal return on event day (t) and t+3. Besides, paired sample t-test was conducted to see the difference in the average abnormal return in 5 days before and five days after the events didn’t show any significant results. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the inauguration of 2nd reshuffled cabinet is good news for investors. Keywords: event study, abnormal return, LQ-45, political events

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PERBEDAAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH PADA AKSEPTOR KB SUNTIK 1 DAN 3 BULAN

Jurnal Endurance ◽

10.22216/jen.v2i3.1975 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Anne Rufaridah ◽

Kurnia Putri ◽

Ayuro Cumayunaro ◽

Sidaria Sidaria

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Mean Value ◽

T Test ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Weight Gains ◽

The Difference ◽

Injectable Contraceptives ◽

Paired T Test

Injection method is the most widely used contractive because the usage are safe, simple, effective and practice as long as the high these acceptor it is certaily followed by complain of side effects such weight changes, the purpose study uses an analitic with cross sectional approach. The population where 188 people where the acceptor injection contraceptives the sample amounted to 33 clients in each acceptor of 1 and 3 month the data collection are demographic data and questionaire sheet and it was analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test. The result of this study showed that most of then were totally weight gains wich the difference mean value between pretest and postest the acceptor KB of 1 month is 3,71 kg/m² the while a mean value of the acceptor 3 months is 5,10 kg/m² those means there were a change of impact on weight gains amoung the acceptor KB of 1 and 3 months. While the value of independent t-test showed p=0,021 (p>0,05). Baced on these results it can be concluded that there were significantly difference wight changes between and acceptor injectable contraceptives 1 and 3 month expecte.

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