scholarly journals Increased particle flow rate from airways precedes clinical signs of ARDS in a porcine model of LPS-induced acute lung injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. L510-L517
Author(s):  
Martin Stenlo ◽  
Snejana Hyllén ◽  
Iran A. N. Silva ◽  
Deniz A. Bölükbas ◽  
Leif Pierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Particle Flow ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Saline Administration ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of death in the intensive care unit, with mortality rates of ~30–40%. To reduce invasive diagnostics such as bronchoalveolar lavage and time-consuming in-hospital transports for imaging diagnostics, we hypothesized that particle flow rate (PFR) pattern from the airways could be an early detection method and contribute to improving diagnostics and optimizing personalized therapies. Porcine models were ventilated mechanically. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered endotracheally and in the pulmonary artery to induce ARDS. PFR was measured using a customized particles in exhaled air (PExA 2.0) device. In contrast to control animals undergoing mechanical ventilation and receiving saline administration, animals who received LPS developed ARDS according to clinical guidelines and histologic assessment. Plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly compared with baseline after 120 and 180 min, respectively. On the other hand, the PFR significantly increased and peaked 60 min after LPS administration, i.e., ~30 min before any ARDS stage was observed with other well-established outcome measurements such as hypoxemia, increased inspiratory pressure, and lower tidal volumes or plasma cytokine levels. The present results imply that PFR could be used to detect early biomarkers or as a clinical indicator for the onset of ARDS.

scholarly journals No metabolites impact in allergic inflammation regulation and their contribution to remodelling bronchi mucous in bronchial asthma patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
L M Ogorodova ◽  
O V Kozina ◽  
E A Gereng ◽  
L M Ogorodova ◽  
O V Kozina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Nitrite Concentration ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Th2 Inflammation ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Inflammation Cytokines

Background. To study the role of NO metabolites in allergic inflammation regulation and remodelling in BA patients. Material and methods. Morphological and morphometrical methods of investigation of bronchi mucous of 39 BA patients were used, IL-4, TNF-α, INF-g, IL-8, nitrite, 3-nitrotyrosine, nitrosoglutathion levels in bronchoalveolar washout were investigated, nitrite concentration in condensate of the exhaled air was measured. Results. The increased level of IL-4, TNF-α, INF-g, IL-8 in bronchoalveolar washout is associated with persistent Th2-inflammation. The BA severity correlate with highest IL-8, TNF-a, INF-g, nitrite and 3-nitrotyrosine level but with nitrosoglutathion deficit and in general is associated with structured architectonics bronchi mucous abnormalities. Conclusion. The association of toxic NO metabolites, pro-inflammation cytokines levels, bronchi mucous path-omorphological abnormalities with clinical signs of BA confirms the role of toxic NO metabolites in development of Th2-inflammations.

Down regulation of COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α in cynoviocyte by essential oil of Fraxinus excelsior

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 20192-20203
Author(s):  
Dr Maghsoudi, Hossein ◽  
Samaneh Haj-allahyari
Keyword(s):  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Bovine Articular Cartilage ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Cox 2

Osteoarthritis (arthritis) is biomechanical, biochemical and cellular phenomenon, and is not known as a degenerative disease. Arthritis is one of the common chronic diseases and the most important reason of physical disability in the world. According to its side effect such as peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, liver toxicity and renal complications dueofprescribing current treatment contain corticosteroid and non-steroidal, we decided to evaluate possible effect of anti-inflammatory Esential oil of Fraxinus excelsior (EOFE) on biomarkers involved in disease. EOFE were prepared of genetic resources center. Bovine  articular cartilage derived from the metacarpophalangeal joints of 14–18-month-old animals (without any sign of inflammation and bleeding) sent to laboratory in sterile bags at 4ºC. Cells were cultured in appropriate condition and counted by hemocytometer, viability assessed by trypan blue. After LPS treatment, cytokine levels were assayed. Cells cultures again and were kept in 37C, 90% humidity in CO2 incubator and after RNA extraction, RT-PCR and PCR done. Also by Real-time PCR, gene expression was evaluated. E.E.F.E level cause down regulation of COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α in LPS-stimulated cells.

The Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ Levels and their Relationship with HIV-RNA and CD4+ T Cells in HIV Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-361
Author(s):  
Gülay Okay ◽  
Meliha Meric Koc ◽  
Eray Metin Guler ◽  
Ayşegül Yabaci ◽  
Abdürrahim Kocyigit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Serum cytokine levels over the course of HIV infection usually increase with immunosuppression and decrease after antiretroviral treatment (ART). Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare cytokine levels between HIV-infected patients (HIP) and controls and investigate the relationship between CD4+T cell count, HIV-RNA levels, and cytokine levels. Methods: The study subjects comprised ART-naive HIP (n=30) with no comorbidities and age-and sex-matched healthy controls. We measured levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in serum samples of HIP at the beginning and at month 6 of ART and in controls. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 38.7 ±10.3 years, with men making up 86.7% of the study subjects (n=26). IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in both ART-naive (p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.001) and ART-experienced HIP (p<0.001) than controls. The IFN-γ level was lower in both ART-naive and ART-experienced HIP compared to controls (p=0.082 and p=0.002). There was a positive correlation between the CD4+T cell count and serum concentration of IFN- γ(r=0.320, p<0.05). While the serum IFN-γ concentration showed a negative correlation with the HIVRNA level(r=-0.412, p<0.001), the serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations showed a positive correlation with the HIV-RNA level (r=0.349, p<0.001; r:0.54, p<0.001; r:0.438, p<0.00). Conclusions: Although serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α showed a significant decrease after ART, they were still significantly higher than the controls. IFN-γ responded differently to ART compared to the other cytokines, indicating that it may play a distinct and important role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Assessment of Growth Factors, Cytokines, and Cellular Markers in Saliva of Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2964
Author(s):  
Shankargouda Patil ◽  
Luca Testarelli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Cellular Markers ◽  
Angiopoietin 2

We proposed to perform a comparative analysis of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokine receptors on the salivary cells in the saliva obtained from trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and normal subjects. Saliva was collected from TN and healthy subjects. Salivary cells were isolated by centrifugation. The expression of the cell surface marker was analyzed by flow cytometry. A cytometric bead array was done to measure the levels of cytokines and growth factors on the flow cytometer. Saliva from TN subjects showed lower growth factor levels of Angiopoietin-2, bFGF, HGF, SCF, TGF-α, and VEGF and higher cytokine levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, IL-17A, IL-6, and CXCL8, as well as higher expression levels of chemokine receptors CCR1 (CD191), CR3 (CD11b), CCR2 (CD192), CXCR5 (CD185), and CCR5 (CD196) in the cells from TN saliva. A certain set of cytokines and growth factors in the saliva, as well as chemokine receptors on salivary cells, could be a useful tool in the diagnostics and prognostics of trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the significant pathological conditions in the class of chronic diseases around the world. Many targeted approaches are being tried by various research groups to utilize the information of the inflammatory microenvironment to resolve the pathology of chronic TN.

scholarly journals Cervus nippon var. mantchuricus water extract treated with digestive enzymes (CE) modulates M1 macrophage polarization through TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways on murine macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205873922110008
Author(s):  
Se Hyang Hong ◽  
Jin Mo Ku ◽  
Ye Seul Lim ◽  
Hyo In Kim ◽  
Yong Cheol Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
No Production ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Murine Macrophages ◽  
M1 Macrophage ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Cervus nippon var. mantchuricus water extract treated with digestive enzymes (CE) on the promotion of M1 macrophage polarization in murine macrophages. Macrophages polarize either to one phenotype after stimulation with LPS or IFN-γ or to an alternatively activated phenotype that is induced by IL-4 or IL-13. Cell viability of RAW264.7 cells was determined by WST-1 assay. NO production was measured by Griess assay. IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. IL-6, IL-12, and IL-10 cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling in RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by western blotting. The level of NF-κB was determined by immunoblotting. CE induced the differentiation of M1 macrophages. CE promoted M1 macrophages to elevate NO production and cytokine levels. CE-stimulated M1 macrophages had enhanced IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. CE promoted M1 macrophages to activate TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB phosphorylation. M2 markers were downregulated, while M1 markers were upregulated in murine macrophages by CE. Consequently, CE has immunomodulatory activity and can be used to promote M1 macrophage polarization through the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Inhalationally Administered Semifluorinated Alkanes (SFAs) as Drug Carriers in an Experimental Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Matthias Otto ◽  
Jörg Krebs ◽  
Peter Welker ◽  
René Holm ◽  
Manfred Thiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Semifluorinated Alkanes

Aerosol therapy in patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has so far failed in improving patients’ outcomes. This might be because dependent lung areas cannot be reached by conventional aerosols. Due to their physicochemical properties, semifluorinated alkanes (SFAs) could address this problem. After induction of ARDS, 26 pigs were randomized into three groups: (1) control (Sham), (2) perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8), and (3) F6H8-ibuprofen. Using a nebulization catheter, (2) received 1 mL/kg F6H8 while (3) received 1 mL/kg F6H8 with 6 mg/mL ibuprofen. Ibuprofen plasma and lung tissue concentration, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid concentration of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6, and lung mechanics were measured. The ibuprofen concentration was equally distributed to the dependent parts of the right lungs. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrated systemic absorption of ibuprofen proofing a transport across the alveolo-capillary membrane. A significantly lower TNF-α concentration was observed in (2) and (3) when compared to the control group (1). There were no significant differences in IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations and lung mechanics. F6H8 aerosol seemed to be a suitable carrier for pulmonary drug delivery to dependent ARDS lung regions without having negative effects on lung mechanics.

scholarly journals Computational Study of Coal Particle Distribution in Coal Pulverizer: Effect of Air Flow Rate and Coal Particle Flow Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Elaine Why ◽  
Firas Alnaimi ◽  
Hasril Hasini ◽  
Mohammad Nasif
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Coal Particle ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Particle Flow ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Coal Fuel

Complete combustion of coal fuel in thermal power plant is often achieved, by ensuring output of fine coal particle (< 75μm) is as high as possible. This is due to the fact that same mass of coal particle in smaller sizes, has higher surface exposed to combustion. Hence, the objective of the study is to determine the effect of air flow rate and coal particle flow rate on coal fineness output. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling and validation with experimental coal fineness test in real plant are made. The optimum range of air flow rate and coal particle flow rate in pulverizer are selected, by considering relevant air/fuel ratio of 1.5 to 2.0 and turbulence intensity.

scholarly journals Clozapine Prevents Poly (I:C) Induced Inflammation by Modulating NLRP3 Pathway in Microglial Cells

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Vijayasree V. Giridharan ◽  
Giselli Scaini ◽  
Gabriela D. Colpo ◽  
Tejaswini Doifode ◽  
Omar F. Pinjari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Primary Microglial Cell ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nlrp3 Expression

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that exhibits an interconnection between the immune system and the brain. Experimental and clinical studies have suggested the presence of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia. In the present study, the effect of antipsychotic drugs, including clozapine, risperidone, and haloperidol (10, 20 and 20 μM, respectively), on the production of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, INF-γ, and TNF-α was investigated in the unstimulated and polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid [poly (I:C)]-stimulated primary microglial cell cultures. In the unstimulated cultures, clozapine, risperidone, and haloperidol did not influence the cytokine levels. Nevertheless, in cell cultures under strong inflammatory activation by poly (I:C), clozapine reduced the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-17. Risperidone and haloperidol both reduced the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-17, and increased the levels of IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, and TNF-α. Based on the results that were obtained with the antipsychotic drugs and observing that clozapine presented with a more significant anti-inflammatory effect, clozapine was selected for the subsequent experiments. We compared the profile of cytokine suppression obtained with the use of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, CRID3 to that obtained with clozapine, to test our hypothesis that clozapine inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome. Clozapine and CRID3 both reduced the IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-17 levels. Clozapine reduced the level of poly (I:C)-activated NLRP3 expression by 57%, which was higher than the reduction thay was seen with CRID3 treatment (45%). These results suggest that clozapine might exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and this activity is not typical with the use of other antipsychotic drugs under the conditions of strong microglial activation.

scholarly journals Astaxanthin protective barrier and its ability to improve the health in patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali-Reza Ahmadi ◽  
Roya Ayazi-Nasrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Inflammation acts like a double-edged sword and can be harmful if not appropriately controlled. COVID-19 is created through a novel species of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV). Elevated levels of inflammatory factors such as inter- leukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), etc. lead to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and severe complications of infection in the lungs of coronavirus-infected patients. Astaxanthin is a natural and potent carotenoid with powerful antioxidant activity as well as an anti-inflammatory agent that supports good health. The effects of astaxanthin on the regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways and the reduction and suppression of cytokines and other inflam- matory agents such as IL-6 and TNF-α have already been identified. Therefore, these unique features can make this natural compound an excellent option to minimize inflammation and its consequences.

scholarly journals Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in the First Trimester—Comparison of Missed Miscarriage and Normal Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8538
Author(s):  
Maciej Kwiatek ◽  
Tomasz Gęca ◽  
Anna Kwaśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Tgf Β1

The advantage in response of Th2 over Th1 is observed in normal pregnancy in peripheral blood. A disturbance of this balance can lead to symptoms of miscarriage and pregnancy loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in sera of women who were diagnosed with missed miscarriage in the first trimester and to compare this systemic immune response to the response in women with normal pregnancy. The study group consisted of 61 patients diagnosed with missed miscarriage. In total, 19 healthy women with uncomplicated first trimester created the control group. Cytokines were determined in the maternal serum by ELISA. The analysis included INF-γ, TNF-α, Il-1β, Il-4, Il-5, Il-6, Il-9, Il-10, Il-13 and TGF-β1. Th1 cytokine levels in the study group reached slightly higher values for INF-γ, Il-1β and slightly lower for IL-6 and TNF-α. In turn, Th2 cytokine levels in the study group were slightly higher (Il-9, Il-13), significantly higher (Il4, p = 0.015; Il-5, p = 0.0003) or showed no differences with the control group (Il-10). Slightly lower concentration involved only TGF-β1. Analysis of the correlation between levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines resulted in some discrepancies, without showing predominance of a specific immune response. The results did not confirm that women with missed miscarriage had an advantage in any type of immune response in comparison to women with normal pregnancy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document