scholarly journals The Burden and Trend of Blood-Borne Pathogens among Asymptomatic Adult Population in Akwatia: A Retrospective Study at the St. Dominic Hospital, Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester Yao Lokpo ◽  
Mavis Popuelle Dakorah ◽  
Gameli Kwame Norgbe ◽  
James Osei-Yeboah ◽  
Godwin Adzakpah ◽  
...  

Background. This study was aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence and trend of blood-borne pathogens (HIV, HCV, HBV, and Syphilis) among asymptomatic adults at Akwatia during a four-year period (2013–2016). Materials and Methods. The study was a retrospective analysis of secondary data of blood donors who visited the hospital from January 2013 to December 2016. Archival data from 11,436 prospective donors was extracted. Data included age, sex, and place of residence as well as results of infectious markers (HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis). Results. The prevalence of blood-borne pathogens in the donor population was 4.06%, 7.23%, 5.81%, and 10.42% for HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis infections, respectively. A significant decline in HBV and HCV infections was observed in the general donor population and across genders. HIV infection rate remained steady while Syphilis infections recorded a significantly increasing trend, peaking in the year 2015 (14.20%). Age stratification in HBV infection was significant, peaking among age group 40–49 years (8.82%). Conclusion. Asymptomatic blood-borne pathogen burden was high among the adult population in Akwatia. Gender variations in HBV, HCV, and Syphilis infections in the cumulative four-year burden were observed. Awareness needs to be created, especially in the older generation.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester Yao Lokpo ◽  
James Osei-Yeboah ◽  
Gameli Kwame Norgbe ◽  
Patrick Kwasi Owiafe ◽  
Felix Ayroe ◽  
...  

Background. Using prospective blood donors as a proxy, this study was aimed at estimating the burden and five-year (2012–2016) trend of viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV) infection among asymptomatic adult population in Ho. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis was done on secondary data extracted from the hospital archives comprising 4,180 prospective blood donors from January 2012 to December 2016. Demographic variables included age and sex, as well as place of residence. Screening results of serum infectious markers (HBV and HCV) were obtained. Results. The prevalence of asymptomatic viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV) infection in the general adult population was 6.94% and 1.84%, respectively. Females recorded a higher burden of HBV and HCV (8.3% and 5.0%) compared to their male peers (6.8% and 1.4%). A significant age variation in HBV antigenaemia was seen with HBV seropositivity peaking among the younger population (less than 20 years’ group) at 11.24% and troughed among the older population (above 50 years’ group) at 0.92%. Conclusion. Asymptomatic viral hepatitis among adult population in the Ho Municipality is estimated at the intermediate to high endemicity level. Preventive measures to reduce the burden are urgently needed and should be targeted at the younger generation.


Author(s):  
Atik Dina Naseha ◽  
Nur’Aini Purnamaningsih ◽  
Kuswanto Hardjo

At the end of 2019, it was found that there was a very fast mutating virus called the Covid-19 virus, this virus causes diseases ranging from coughs to colds to death, efforts to prevent the spread of this virus by limiting the social scale of the community which causes a decrease in the number of blood donors which has an impact on the amount of blood stock in Blood Donation Unit. The objective of this study was to determine the description of blood donors based on blood type, gender, age, and type of donor at Blood Donation Unit Bantul Regency in 2020. This study was an activity report by observing secondary data obtained from Blood Donation Unit Bantul Regency. The number of donors was 8.212 donors, of which the number of donations from inside the building was 5.936 donors (72,28%), and the number of donations from mobile units was 2.276 donors (27,72%). The results showed that the majority of blood donors were blood group 0, which was 3.506 (42,69%), and the least blood type was AB, which was 468 (5.70%). The majority of the gender of the donor was male, namely 7.020 (85,48%), for female, 1.192 (14,52%). The majority of donors are aged 17-24 years, namely 1.738 (21,16%), and at least 65 years old 45 (0,55%). The majority of voluntary donors were 5.151 (62,73%), and the subtitute/ family donors were 1.034 (12,59%). There were 8.212 blood donors where the majority of blood group 0 was 3.506 (42,69%), male sex was 7.020 (85,48%), in the 17-24 year age group 1.738 (21,16%), and repeated voluntary donors were 5.151 (62,73%).


2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110202
Author(s):  
Tiago AM Abreu ◽  
Andreia ST Oliveira ◽  
Rui RF Ferreira ◽  
Sandrina MV Correia ◽  
Mafalda SSQ Morais ◽  
...  

Objectives This article aims to analyse the safety of feline blood donation by describing the frequency and nature of any adverse reactions and their causes, as well as propose measures to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions. Methods In this prospective study, any blood donor adverse reactions detected by the clinical staff during and immediately after donation were recorded. The owners of the cats were also surveyed by a veterinary practitioner or veterinary nurse 5 days after donation, using a predefined questionnaire to assess for any clinical or behavioural changes. Data were collected between January 2019 and March 2020 from blood donors enrolled in an animal blood bank programme. Results Of 3690 blood donations from 1792 feline donors assessed, post-donation reactions were reported in 1.14% (n = 42): 0.22% (n = 8) were acute reactions, which included weakness, pallor, tachypnoea and open-mouth breathing; and 0.92% (n = 34) were delayed post-donation reactions, with 0.16% involving cutaneous (haematomas and skin rashes, n = 6), 0.68% involving behavioural (n = 25) and 0.08% involving digestive (emesis and inappetence, n = 3) signs. Conclusions and relevance The low incidence of post-donation reactions in this study is encouraging, suggesting that a well-established protocol and competent staff can help to ensure a high level of safety in a feline donor programme and, in turn, increase the confidence of cat owners.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3040-3042
Author(s):  
Neelam Mazhar ◽  
Sarah Rafi ◽  
Saima Farhan ◽  
Shazia Yaseen ◽  
Nisar Ahmed

Aim: To establish the reference values of hematological parameters in blood donors of all the four provinces of Pakistan as a general population. Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted from Jan 2017-Oct 2017 in the blood bank and the Dept. of Haematology, The CH&ICH, Lahore, Fatimid Foundation, Karachi, Bolan medical college, Quetta, Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi & Ayub medical college, Abbottabad, KPK. Blood samples of 1060 male and female blood donors were collected from the blood banks of all the centers mentioned above. CBC and differential were performed using an automated hematology analyzer in the respective departments. Results: The mean and 95% reference values (2.5th-97.5th) for males WBC 7.752+4.506×109 cells/L, RBC 4.958 +1.331, HB 14.258 +3.423 g/dl, HCT 41.967 +16.345, MCV 84.584 +15.933, PLT 219.485 +197.331, LYM 3.346 +10.112, NEUT 6.843+23.557, MONO 0.811 +3.601, EO 0.327 +0.995. For females WBC 7.174+3.037, RBC4.567 +1.086, HB 12.972 +2.752, HCT39.647 +48.186, PLT 264.07+175.079, LYM 2.537+5.005, NEUT 4.769+11.314, MONO 0.460 +0.909, EO 0.188+0.39 Conclusion: The hematological profile of the population in all four provinces of Pakistan differed from the reports of other countries and the standard reference ranges described in the textbook. So, our own hematological parameters must be followed. More studies must be carried out on other age groups and even on adults to strengthen our results. Keywords: Normal reference values, Complete blood count, Healthy adults of Pakistan


2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Rachma Putri Nariswari ◽  
Gwenny Ichsan Prabowo ◽  
Hermina Novida ◽  
Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin. The prevalence of diabetes in the world has almost doubled since 1980, from 4.7% to 8.5% in adult population. Early diagnosis and treatment aimed at normalizing glycemic control are very important. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare glycemic control of metformin and glimepiride in monotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Islamic Jemursari Hospital Surabaya. Method: This was a retrospective observational study using secondary data (medical record), include glycemic control (RPG) before and two months after receiving therapy of outpatients’ type 2 diabetes mellitus with metformin or glimepiride therapy in 2018. 96 samples were found that fit the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Result: Most patients were female, aged 50-69 years old, and dosage of metformin therapy 1500 mg/day or glimepiride therapy 2 mg/day. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) of glycemic control (RPG) of metformin compared to glimepiride therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Islamic Jemursari Hospital Surabaya in 2018. Conclusion: Metformin and glimepiride were not significantly different in glycemic control (RPG). There were patients with RPG >200 mg/dl after two months of metformin or glimepiride therapy.  


Bionorte ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Maria Vitória Souza Pereira ◽  
Renata Souza Leite Vieira

Objective: to analyze the results of the LSIL and HSIL screening from July 2012 to July 2015. Materials and Methods: descriptive study based on secondary data from SISCOLO.Results: In the period from June 2012 to July 2015, 2,451,607 cytopathological exams were performed in Minas Gerais, with 743,276, 2013 1,099,876 and 2014 608,455 in women aged 10 to over 64 years. Where, there is a deficit in data collection. The main cities that had the highest number of positive cases for LSIL and HSIL, we have Belo Horizonte, Juiz de Fora, Montes Claros and Uberlândia, in both injuries, Belo Horizonte has the highest number of positive cases. Conclusion: there is a common age group between 25 and 34 years old with a high involvement of LSIL and HSIL


2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Kandel ◽  
P Ghimire ◽  
BR Tiwari ◽  
M Rajkarnikar

Background: HIV and Hepatitis B infections are public health problems in Nepal. This study was conducted based at NRCS/CBTS, with the objective of determining the HIV and HBsAg sero-prevalence in non-remunerated volunteer blood donors. Materials and Methods: A total of 66,904 units of blood collected, following donor recruitment criteriaduring March 2009-Sept. 2010 was included for analysis. All donated blood samples were subjected to screening for Transfusion transmitted infections including HIV and Hepatitis B surface antigen using standard ELISA test kits (Dade Behring, Germany). Initial reactive sera were re-tested for reconfi rmation with same test kits plus another test kit (Detect-HIV, Adaltis Inc, and Qualisa). Results: Out of 66,904 units of blood collected, 56,973 units were from male and 9,931 were from female donors. Among the total screened samples, 73 (0.10%) were found to be positive for HIV, {0.11% (64/56973) in male and 0.09% (9/9931) in female}; the difference between male and female donors (?2<3.841) was statistically signifi cant. The seroprevalence of HIV was highest in age group of 30- 39 both in male and female (p<0.001). Similarly, for HBsAg, overall seroprevalence was found to be 0.47% (316/66904 {0.42% (242/56973) in male and 0.74% (74/9931) in female}. The difference was statistically signifi cant (?2<3.841). The highest HBsAg sero-prevalence(0.65%) was also observed in same age group i.e. 30-39 (p<0.001) in male but highest seroprevalence (2.63%) was observed inage group of ?50 in female. Conclusion: Both HIV and HBV sero-prevalence is high in adult voluntary blood donors. Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, No.1, Issue 5, 390-393 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7864


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Septia Haryani ◽  
Defrin Defrin ◽  
Yenita Yenita

AbstrakKanker serviks menempati urutan pertama penyebab kematian akibat kanker pada wanita usia reproduktif di negara berkembang. Jumlah paritas di Sumatera Barat masih cukup tinggi, paritas merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya kanker serviks yang berhubungan dengan hormon dan trauma saat persalinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi kanker serviks berdasarkan jumlah paritas di RSUP. DR. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional. Data sekunder diambil dari rekam medik pasien kanker serviks di RSUP.Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari 2011- Desember 2012. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari Oktober 2013 - Juni 2014. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 63 kasus kanker serviks. Distribusi kanker serviks berdasarkan umur terbanyak pada kelompok umur >50 tahun sebanyak 27 kasus (42,9%), berdasarkan jenis pembayaran pasien kanker serviks banyak memakai jamkesmas sebanyak 21 kasus (38,1%), jenis histopatologi terbanyak ditemukan pada jenis karsinoma sel skuamosa sebanyak 46 kasus (73%) dan jumlah paritas yang terbanyak pada kelompok paritas 3-5 kali sebanyak 40 kasus (63,5%). Umur dan paritas tidak ada hubungannya dengan jenis kanker serviks.Paritas bukan merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya kanker serviks.Kata kunci: kanker serviks, paritas, histopatologi AbstractThe cervical cancer is the  first rank cause of cancer death in women of reproductive age in developing countries. The number of parity in West Sumatera is still high, parity is one of the risk factors for cervical cancer relating to hormone and birth trauma. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of cervical cancer based on parity in  Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang. This research was descriptive observational study. Secondary data was taken from medical record of cervical cancer patients in Dr. M.Djamil Hospital Padang from January 2011 until  December 2012. The study was held from October 2013 until June 2014.The research found 63 cases of cervival cancer. Distribution cervical cancer by the age of majority in the age group >50 years old were 27 cases (42,9%), based on kind of payment is mostly used jamkesmas were 21 cases (38,1%), based on histopathology of majority on squamous cell carcinoma is 46 cases (73%) and based on the highest number of parity is the parity group 3-5 were 40 cases (63,5%). People’s age and parity are not related to the type of cervical cancer. Parity is not a risk factor of having cervical cancer.Keywords: cervical cancer, parity, histopathology


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Kadek Yulita Dewi Lestari ◽  
Desak Nyoman Widyanthini ◽  
I Ketut Tangking Widarsa

ABSTRAK Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) adalah infeksi yang penularannya terutama melalui hubungan seksual. Di Indonesia, jumlah kasus IMS pada tahun 2014 terjadi sebanyak 5608 kasus. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali mencatat jumlah pasien IMS yang ditemukan pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 9.202 orang. Jumlah ini meningkat sebanyak 62,17% pada tahun 2014 dan mengalami penurunan sebanyak 61,82% pada tahun 2015. Data yang diperoleh dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Denpasar menunjukkan bahwa dari keseluruhan kasus di Kota Denpasar pada tahun 2016, kasus IMS tertinggi berada di wilayah Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara yaitu sebanyak 36,94 %. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kejadian IMS berdasarkan karakteristik sosial demografi meliputi jenis penyakit, umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan terakhir, status perkawinan, pekerjaan, kelompok risiko, pemakaian kondom dan jumlah pasangan seksual pada bagian IMS di Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara tahun 2014-2016.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional retrospektif. Populasi dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang berkunjung ke Klinik IMS Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara periode tahun 2014-2016 yang diperoleh secara total sampling. Data sekunder yang diperoleh selanjutnya diolah secara statistik dengan menggunakan stata.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian IMS lebih tinggi pada kelompok umur 41-50 sebanyak 25%, subjek laki-laki sebanyak 26,4%, tidak pernah sekolah sebanyak 12,5%, subjek dengan status kawin sebanyak 37,6%, pekerjaan berisiko sebanyak 25,5%, kelompok WPS sebanyak 60%, subjek yang kadang-kadang memakai kondom sebanyak 18,2% dan jumlah pasangan seksual >1 sebanyak 39,4%.  Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kejadian IMS di Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara tahun 2014-2016 yaitu 7,4%-13%. Kejadian IMS lebih tinggi pada kelompok umur 41-50 dengan pekerjaan berisiko, kelompok WPS dan jumlah pasangan seksual >1. Tiga jenis IMS yang paling sering terjadi di Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara dalam 3 tahun terakhir yaitu Urethritis Non-GO disusul Servisitis dan Kandidiasis. Diharapkan sasaran dalam pelaksanaan program IMS tidak hanya bagi penderita namun juga bagi pasangannya dan tidak hanya menyasar kelompok risiko seperti WPS namun juga pelanggan PS. Kata Kunci: Kejadian, IMS, karakteristik, cross sectional retrospektif     ABSTRACT Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)  are transmitted infections mainly through sexual contact. In Indonesia, the number of STI cases in 2014 reached 5608 cases. The Bali Provincial Health Service recorded 9,202 STI patients found in 2013. This number increased by 62.17% in 2014 and decreased by 61.82% in 2015. Data obtained from the Denpasar City Health Office showed that of all cases in Denpasar City in 2016, the highest STI cases were in the Puskesmas area II North Denpasar as much as 36.94%. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of STIs based on socio-demographic characteristics including the type of disease, age, sex, recent education, marital status, occupation, risk group, condom use and number of sexual partners in the STI section at Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara in 2014-2016 . This research is a descriptive study with a retrospective cross sectional research design. The population and sample in this study were all patients who visited the IMS Clinic II North Denpasar Health Center for the period 2014-2016 obtained in total sampling. The secondary data obtained are then processed statistically using stata. The results showed that the incidence of STIs was higher in the 41-50 age group by 25%, male subjects by 26.4%, never attending school by 12.5%, subjects with marital status by 37.6%, occupations at risk as much as 25.5%, FSW group as much as 60%, subjects who sometimes used condoms as much as 18.2% and the number of sexual partners> 1 were 39.4%. The conclusion of this study is the incidence of STIs in Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara in 2014-2016, namely 7.4% -13%. The incidence of STIs was higher in the 41-50 age group with risk jobs, FSW groups and number of sexual partners> 1. Three types of STIs that most often occur in Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara in the last 3 years, namely Non-GO Urethritis followed by Cervicitis and Candidiasis. It is expected that the target in the implementation of the IMS program is not only for sufferers but also for their partners and not only targeting risk groups such as WPS but also PS customers. Keywords: Occurrence, STI, characteristic, retrospective cross sectional


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Kiki Famalasari

Pendahuluan : Difteri adalah suatu infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Corybacterium diphteriae, yang menyerang selaput lendir pada hidung dan tenggorokan, serta dapat mempengaruhi kulit. Penyakit ini sangat menular dan termasuk infeksi serius yang berpotensi mengancam jiwa.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola distribusi kasus difteri di Kabupaten Bojonegoro pada tahun 2009– 2019 (Agustus 2019).Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal l5 Agustus-18 September 2019 di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan bulanan kasus difteri yang dilaporkan oleh Puskesmas atau Rumah Sakit di Wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bojonegoro dan hasil wawancara dengan Kepala Seksi Surveilans dan Imunisasi, serta Penanggungjawab Program Surveilans Difteri di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bojonegoro.Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan usia kasus difteri di Kabupaten Bojonegoro tertinggi terjadi pada kelompok usia 5-9 tahun (29,16%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin sebagian besar terjadi pada jenis kelamin laki-laki (61,84%). Berdasarkan status imunisasi, kejadian difteri terjadi pada kelompok usia < 1tahun. Berdasarkan tempat, kejadian difteri di Kabupaten Bojonegoro sering terjadi di Kecamatan Bojonegoro. Berdasarkan waktu, kejadian difteri terjadi pada periode Januari-Maret dan Agustus-Desember.Kesimpulan : Kasus penyakit difteri di Kabupaten Bojonegoro dari tahun 2009 sampai dengan Agustus 2019 cenderung fluktuatif. Pada tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2012 kasus difteri di Kabupaten Bojonegoro mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dan mengalami penurunan di tahun 2013 dan 2014. Kemudian pada tahun 2015, kasus difteri mengalami peningkatan kembali dan penemuan kasus terbanyak ada di tahun 2018 yaitu sebanyak 15 kasus.Penderita difteri paling banyak adalah anak usia 5-9 tahun yaitu sebanyak 21 anak. Beberapa penderita difteri memiliki riwayat imunisasi yang tidak lengkat maupun yang tidak pernah imunisasi sama sekali. Sedangkan penemuan kasus difteri terbanyak sering terjadi pada laki-laki.ABSTRACTBackground: Diphtheria is an infection caused by the Bacterium Corybacterium diphteriae, which attacks the mucous membranes of the nose and throat,then can affect the skin. This disease is very contagious and includes serious infections that are potentially life-threatening. Objectives: This study to analyze the distribution patterns of diphtheria cases in Bojonegoro Regency in 2009 - 2019 (August 2019). Methods This research was conducted on August 5-September 18, 2019 in Bojonegoro Regency. This research is a descriptive study using secondary data in the form of monthly reports of diphtheria cases reported by Puskesmas or Hospitals in the Work Area of the Bojonegoro District Health Office and the results of interviews with the Head of the Surveillance and Immunization Section, and the Person in Charge of the Diphtheria Surveillance Program at the Bojonegoro District Health Office. Result: The results showed that the highest age of diphtheria cases in Bojonegoro District occurred in the 5-9 years age group (29.16%). Based on sex, the majority occurred in male sex (61.84%). Based on immunization status, the incidence of diphtheria occurs in the age group <1 year. Based on location, diphtheria events in Bojonegoro Regency often occur in Bojonegoro District. By time, diphtheria events occurred in the January-March and August-December periods. Conclusions: Cases of diphtheria in Bojonegoro Regency from 2009 to August 2019 tended to be volatile. In 2009 until 2012 diphtheria cases in Bojonegoro Regency experienced a significant increase and decreased in 2013 and 2014. Then in 2015, diphtheria cases increased again and the most cases found were in 2018 which were 15 cases. The most diphtheria sufferers many are children aged 5-9 years, as many as 21 children. Some diphtheria sufferers have a history of immunizations that are not complete or have never been immunized at all. Whereas most cases of diphtheria are often found in men.


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