scholarly journals Dance Training Improves Cytokine Secretion and Viability of Neutrophils in Diabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Borges ◽  
Maria E. P. Passos ◽  
Maysa B. B. Silva ◽  
Vinicius C. Santos ◽  
César M. Momesso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dance Training

Background. Evidence suggests that exercise improves neutrophil function. The decreased functional longevity of neutrophils and their increased clearance from infectious sites contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection and severity of infection observed in patients with diabetes. Objective. Herein, we investigated the effects of a dance program on neutrophil number, function, and death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy volunteers. Methods. Ten patients with T2DM and twelve healthy individuals participated in a moderate-intensity dance training program for 4 months. The plasma levels of leptin, free fatty acids (FFAs), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra); neutrophil counts; extent of DNA fragmentation; cell membrane integrity; and production of TNF-α, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in neutrophils were measured before and after training. Results. Training reduced plasma levels of TNF-α (1.9-fold in controls and 2.2-fold in patients with T2DM) and CRP (1.4-fold in controls and 3.4-fold in patients with T2DM). IL-1ra levels were higher in the control group (2.2-fold) after training. After training, neutrophil DNA fragmentation was decreased in patients with T2DM (90%), while the number of neutrophils increased (70% in controls and 1.1-fold in patients with T2DM). Conclusion. Dance training is a nonpharmacological strategy to reduce inflammation and improve neutrophil clearance in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals Increased circulating levels of musclin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jia Chen ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Yu-Bin Sui ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

Background: Musclin is a newly identified skeletal muscle–derived secretory factor, which has been recently characterized as a stimulator that induces insulin resistance in mice. However, the pathophysiological role of musclin in humans remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the potential correlations between musclin plasma levels and various metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: In this hospital-based study, plasma samples were collected from the enrolled individuals, including 38 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 41 age- and gender-matched control subjects. Plasma musclin levels were examined by radioimmunoassay. Results: Compared with the control group, musclin plasma levels were significantly higher in untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Musclin levels in the plasma of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, haemoglobin A1c, serum insulin, triglycerides and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the level of musclin was associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded an area under the curve for musclin of 0.718 in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The circulating concentration of musclin was significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Our results suggest that musclin has a strong relationship with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Latihan Aerobik Ringan dan Sedang terhadap Kadar Interleukin 8 dan Jumlah Netrofil pada Remaja

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Huldani Huldani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract: Aerobic exercise with mild to moderate intensity will improve health and fitness. Aerobic exercise stimulates an increase in the concentration of IL-8 and will attract neutrophils out of circulation and infiltrate into the damaged tissue for physical activity. To determine the effect of mild and moderate aerobic exercise on levels of interleukin 8 and the number of neutrophils in adolescents, semi-experimental research laboratory with the entire population of male students of SMAN I Banjarbaru. Determination of the sample with inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained 31 samples (9 mild aerobic exercise, moderate aerobic exercise 12 and 10 as a control). The implementation of data collection (blood plasma) immediately after the sample is finished doing aerobic exercise. Blood plasma samples were analyzed by flowcytometri to see the number of neutrophils and elisa to see the levels of Interleukin 8 (IL-8). The results showed that mean plasma levels of IL-8 in mild aerobic group (605.69 ± 123.28) and moderate (718.75 ± 132.55) is lower than the control group (720.80 ± 213.11). Kruskal Wallis statistic test in the three groups no significant difference with p = 0.320. The average number of neutrophils mild aerobic exercise group (52.42 ± 8.29) and moderate (63.60 ± 8.73) was higher than the control group (50.11 ± 5.55), which means that there is an increase in the number of neutrophils after aerobic exercise , with one-way ANOVA statistical test showed different significant with p = 0.001. LSD test found significant differences between mild and moderate aerobic group with p = 0.003, 95% CI. There is no difference between the control group mild aerobic with p = 0.519. There are differences between the groups of moderate aerobic and control with p = 0.000. It can be concluded that mild and moderate aerobic exercise did not affect the increased plasma levels of interleukin-8 in adolescents. Mild aerobic exercise had no effect on the increase in the number of neutrophils in adolescents. Moderate aerobic exercise influence on the increase in the number of neutrophils in adolescents.Keywords :  Aerobic exercise, Interleukin 8, Neutrophyl Abstrak: Latihan aerobik dengan intensitas ringan sampai sedang akan meningkatkan kesehatan dan kebugaran tubuh. Latihan aerobik merangsang peningkatan konsentrasi IL-8 dan akan menarik netrofil dari sirkulasi dan menyusup kejaringan yang rusak karena aktivitas fisik.  Untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan aerobik ringan dan sedang terhadap kadar interleukin 8 dan jumlah netrofil pada remaja, dilakukan penelitian semi eksperimental laboratorik dengan populasi seluruh pelajar laki-laki SMAN I Banjarbaru. Penentuan besarnya sampel dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi didapatkan 31 sampel (9 latihan aerobik ringan, 12 latihan aerobik sedang, dan 10 sebagai kontrol). Pelaksanaan pengambilan data (plasma darah) segera setelah sampel selesai melakukan latihan aerobik. Plasma darah sampel dianalisa dengan flowcytometri untuk melihat jumlah netrofil dan pemeriksaan elisa untuk melihat kadar Interleukin 8 (IL-8). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kadar IL-8 plasma pada kelompok aerobik ringan (605,69 ± 123,28) dan sedang (718,75 ± 132,55) lebih rendah dari kelompok kontrol (720,80 ± 213,11). Secara uji statistik Kruskal Wallis ketiga kelompok tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai p = 0,320. Jumlah rerata netrofil kelompok latihan aerobik ringan (52,42 ± 8,29)  dan sedang (63,60 ±  8,73) lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol (50,11 ± 5,55), artinya ada peningkatan jumlah netrofil setelah latihan aerobik. Dengan uji statistik ANOVA satu arah didapatkan hasil yang bermakna berbeda dengan nilai p = 0.001. Uji LSD didapatkan  perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok aerobik ringan dan sedang dengan nilai p = 0,003, IK 95 % . Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok aerobik ringan dengan kontrol dengan nilai p = 0,519. Terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok aerobik sedang dan kontrol dengan nilai p = 0,000. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan aerobik ringan dan sedang tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar Interleukin-8 plasma pada remaja. Latihan aerobik ringan tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah netrofil pada remaja. Latihan aerobik sedang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah netrofil pada remaja. Kata Kata Kunci : Latihan Aerobik, Interleukin 8, Netrofil

scholarly journals Comparison study of Interleukin-1 alpha between Unstable Angina and Acute Myocardial Infarction patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-920
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Significant Difference

Multiple studies support a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and unstable cardiac syndromes. However, of the known pro-inflammatory cytokines, only elevated plasma levels of interleukin-6(IL-6) have been linked to Unstable Angina. We sought to examine the plasma levels of other major proinflammatory cytokines in similar clinical settings patients with unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction and the relationship extent between them. This study aimed to investigate and compare the level of IL-1 in Unstable Angina and Acute Myocardial Infarction patients. Thirty patients with unstable angina and thirty patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction, also thirty healthy individual as control were included in this study to measure the levels of IL-1alpha, lipid profile and Body Mass Index. There was a significant increase in the level of IL-1 ? in patients with acute myocardial infarction or with unstable angina compared with control group. IL-1 ? positively correlated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein and Very Low Density Lipoprotein, while there was a negative correlation with High Density Lipoprotein. In conclusionInterleukin-1 ? significantly increases in patients with acute myocardial infarction or with unstable angina. There was no significant difference in level of IL-1? between AMI and unstable angina patients.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress by Endurance Training in the Cerebellum of Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Taheri ◽  
Abdolhamid Habibi ◽  
Saeid Shakerian ◽  
Mohammad Reza Tabandeh ◽  
Masoud Nikbakht
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Training Protocol

Objectives: Identifying the effective exercise protocol that attenuates the functional and molecular disturbances in different regions of the brain, in particular the cerebellum, can help the proper management of neuropathies in diabetic patients. Methods: Twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Normal control group (CON), (2) normal exercise group (TH), (3) diabetes control group (DC), and (4) diabetes exercise group (TD). Diabetes was induced by i.p injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The endurance training protocol was performed on a treadmill for five days a week for six weeks with moderate intensity. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression or release of apoptotic factors were analyzed based on data from rat cerebellum tissue at the end of the experiments. Results: Six weeks of endurance training improved the oxidative defense system by increasing the activities of SOD (from 3.70 ± 0.64 to 6.55 ± 0.56), GPx (from 3.42 ± 0.73 to 4.84 ± 0.62), and catalase (from 1.36 ± 0.23 to 3.59 ± 0.37) and reducing the MDA concentration (from 6.81 ± 1.34 to 4.33 ± 1.03) in the cerebellum of diabetic rats. Increased expression or cytosolic release of apoptotic effectors such as bax, caspase 3, and cytochrome c in the cerebellum of diabetic rats were attenuated following exercise training. Conclusions: Our research results showed that six weeks of endurance training may be helpful for the attenuation of neuropathies in diabetic patients by the attenuation of apoptosis and oxidative stress in the cerebellum.

Inflammatory Cytokines: TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in Pulmonary Hypertension of Sickle Cell Disease.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3787-3787
Author(s):  
Perla Vicari ◽  
Maria Aparecida E. Noguti ◽  
Vania M. Morelli ◽  
Rodolfo D. Cançado ◽  
Maria Stella Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

Abstract Background: Although pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is a common complication in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), the rate of development of PHT and the factors that affect disease progression are unknown. Objectives: To evaluate the plasma levels of cytokines in SCD comparing with healthy subjects and to find out if there is a relationship among cytokines and PHT. Patients and methods: Dosage of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) had been evaluated in 107 steady-state sickle cell patients, from the UNIFESP/EPM and College of Medical Sciences of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia, and in 108 blood donors. The presence of PHT was evaluated in sickle cell patients by transthoracic Doppler echocardiogram and the results were associated with age, hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin, lactic dehydrogenase and cytokines levels. Results: The presence of PHT was significantly related with age, low hemoglobin and high lactic dehydrogenase levels. There were no difference of plasma levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα between patients and controls. The IL-8 levels were predominantly higher in patients than in controls (p=0.0001). Among patients with SCD, IL-8 levels were significantly higher in those with PHT (p=0.02). In addition, increased levels of IL-8 (>95th percentile of the control group) were detected in 33.3% in patients with PHT in comparison with 10.8% in those without (OR: 4.1; 95%CI 1.3–12.7). Conclusion: These results indicate that age, hemoglobin, lactic dehydrogenase levels, and elevated levels of IL-8 could be risk factors of PHT in SCD. However a larger study with SCD patients with PHT is required to clarify this question. (Funded by Fapesp 04/04498–4).

The study on knee osteoarthritis in diabetic patients based on nanometric magnetic bead method

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1271-1277
Author(s):  
Dongbin Luo ◽  
Dabiao Hou ◽  
Simin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Bead Method

To study the levels of inflammatory cytokines in synovia fluid from osteoarthritis (OA) patients with/without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Out of 74 volunteers aged 20–88 years, 64 with knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grades over I) were recruited and divided into groups with (n = 20) and without (n = 44) diabetes. The nucleic acid of the patient tissue was extracted by nanometer magnetic bead method. The remaining participants were the control group (n = 10). Synovia fluid, sera, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected from all participants and analyzed using ELISA Kits. T2D-OA patients and OA patients had higher basal production of interleukin-1, (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lower-level interleukin-10 (IL-10). However, there were no differences between T2D-OA and OA patients. IL-1, IL-10, and IL-6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after stimulation with LPS were obviously up-regulated in both patients and controls. The production of IL-1 and IL-6 in synovia from T2D-OA and OA patients increased as in the case of variations in sera and PBMCs. Both T2D-OA and OA patients had high-levels of IL-1 and IL-6 compared with controls, especially IL-6. The presence of IL-10 could not be detected in synovia from both patients and controls. Our results suggested that OA patient also had some pro-inflammatory factors in vivo, especially in local lesion; this manifest was particularly evident in T2D-OA patients. The high-level concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and low-level anti-inflammatory factors could be one of the reasons why T2D-OA patients are prone to developing synovitis.

Alpha-Terpineol as Antitumor Candidate in Pre-Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helber A. Negreiros ◽  
Kariely G. de Moura ◽  
Maria L.L.B. do Nascimento ◽  
Débora C.N. Rodrigues ◽  
Paulo M.P. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Sarcoma 180 ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity ◽  
Murine Sarcoma ◽  
Early Late

Background: Alpha-terpineol is a monoterpene alcohol with anti-tumor activity against different tumor cell lines (lung, breast, leukemias and colorectal) through blockage of NF-kB expression, which play an important role in tumor cells growth. Objective: Evaluate the antitumor activity of alpha-terpineol in murine Sarcoma 180 cell line Methods: For the tests, different cytotoxic and genotoxic assays were used, including Trypan blue, cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay, comet assay, agarose gel DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry and cell viability using fluorescence. Ascitic fluid cells from sarcoma 180 were obtained from Mus musculus peritoneal cavity and Alpha-terpineol was tested at 100, 250 and 500 μg/mL. Doxorubicin and Cisplatin were used as positive controls. Results: Cytotoxic effects of alpha-terpineol were found in all concentrations tested, reducing cell viability in 50.9; 38.53; 30.82% at 100, 250 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Alpha-terpineol induced genotoxic effects due to DNA fragmentation (increased frequency and index of damage), and was clastogenic by increased micronuclei formation, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds. DNA fragmentation and increased cell death indicated that alpha-terpineol can cause early, late, and necrotic apoptosis. Conclusion: Our data indicate that alpha-terpineol has antitumor activity revealed by cytogenetic mechanisms and / or loss of cell membrane integrity.

Induction of apoptosis in rat lymphocytes by starvation

2006 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Pires ◽  
Rui Curi ◽  
Rosemari Otton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Cytochrome C Release ◽  
Phosphatidylserine Externalization ◽  
Fasted Rats

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether fasting for 24 and 48 h induces apoptosis of rat mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes similar to that observed previously in diabetic patients and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Several features of lymphocyte death were evaluated by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of glucose, NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) and ketone bodies (acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate) were determined in rats fasted for 24 and 48 h. Lymphocytes obtained from fasted rats had an increase in DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine externalization after 48 h of culture, although there was no loss of membrane integrity in lymphocytes even after 48 h of culture. Cytochrome c release from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol was increased significantly in lymphocytes from fasted rats cultured for 24 h, whereas the levels of bcl-2 and bax proteins were not affected. Activities of caspases 3, 6, 8 and 9 were increased significantly in lymphocytes from rats fasted for 24 h, whereas only an increase in caspase 3 and 9 activities were observed in rats fasted for 48 h. In conclusion, fasting for 24 and 48 h caused a significant increase in the proportion of lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis. The occurrence of apoptosis was observed by DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and activation of the caspase cascade. These findings support the hypothesis that conditions that raise plasma fatty acids levels (e.g. diabetes and starvation) may impair immune function by causing lymphocyte death.

scholarly journals Non-invasive assessment of porcine oocyte quality by supravital staining of cumulus–oocyte complexes with lissamine green B

Zygote ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Dutta ◽  
Shun Li ◽  
Konrad Fischer ◽  
Alexander Kind ◽  
Tatiana Flisikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lissamine Green

SummaryWe evaluated the usefulness of lissamine green B (LB) staining of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) as a non-invasive method of predicting maturational and developmental competence of slaughterhouse-derived porcine oocytes cultured in vitro. Cumulus cells of freshly aspirated COCs were evaluated either morphologically on the basis of thickness of cumulus cell layers, or stained with LB, which penetrates only non-viable cells. The extent of cumulus cell staining was taken as an inverse indicator of membrane integrity. The two methods of COC grading were then examined as predictors of nuclear maturation and development after parthenogenetic activation. In both cases LB staining proved a more reliable indicator than morphological assessment (P < 0.05). The relationship between LB staining and cumulus cell apoptosis was also examined. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for DNA fragmentation revealed that oocytes within COCs graded as low quality by either LB staining or visual morphology showed significantly greater DNA fragmentation (P < 0.05) than higher grades, and that LB and visual grading were of similar predictive value. Expression of the stress response gene TP53 showed significantly higher expression in COCs graded as low quality by LB staining. However expression of the apoptosis-associated genes BAK and CASP3 was not significantly different between high or low grade COCs, suggesting that mRNA expression of BAK and CASP3 is not a reliable method of detecting apoptosis in porcine COCs. Evaluation of cumulus cell membrane integrity by lissamine green B staining thus provides a useful new tool to gain information about the maturational and developmental competence of porcine oocytes.

scholarly journals Crocin Improves the Quality of Cryopreserved Goat Semen in Different Breeds

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
Valentina Longobardi ◽  
Gianluigi Zullo ◽  
Alessio Cotticelli ◽  
Angela Salzano ◽  
Giuseppe Albero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Dose Trial

The effect of crocin in the semen extender before cryopreservation was evaluated on sperm parameters of 20 bucks of five different breeds: Garganica (GA), Jonica (JO), Maltese (MA), Mediterranean Red (MR) and Saanen (SA). Semen samples were centrifuged, to remove seminal plasma, divided in two aliquots and diluted with Tris-egg-yolk-based extender, containing 0 (control group) and 1 mM crocin. Crocin concentration was established after a preliminary dose trial. On fresh and frozen-thawed sperm, motility, viability, morphology, membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation and ROS levels were evaluated. The freezing process led to a decrease (p < 0.05) in all the sperm parameters recorded, confirming the deleterious effect of cryopreservation on goat semen. The most interesting result regarding the inclusion of crocin in the extender before cryopreservation was as follows: Crocin significantly improved (p < 0.05) sperm motility in all breeds, except for Mediterranean Red, compared to the control group. Furthermore, 1 mM crocin reduced percentage of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation with a marked decrement (p < 0.05) in Garganica and Saanen, as compared to the control group. Finally, intracellular ROS decreased (p < 0.01) in the crocin-treated sperm of all breeds, as compared to the control. In conclusion, supplementation of 1 mM crocin in the extender decreased oxidative stress, improving sperm motility and the DNA integrity of frozen-thawed sperm in different breeds.

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