scholarly journals Comparison of gut microbiota structure and Actinobacteria abundances in healthy young adults and elderly subjects: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Haiyan Si ◽  
Haitao Du ◽  
Hongxia Guo ◽  
Huanqin Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Inositol Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Young Subjects

Abstract Background The aim was to determine the potential association of the gut microbiota composition, especially the abundance of Actinobacteria, as well as the differentiation of functional and resistance genes with age (young adults vs elderly subjects) in China. Results The patterns of relative abundance of all bacteria isolated from fecal samples differed between young adults and elderly subjects, but the alpha diversity (Chao1 P = 0.370, Shannon P = 0.560 and Simpson P = 0.270) and beta diversity (ANOSIM R = 0.031, P = 0.226) were not significantly different. There were 3 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways (carbon metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis) and 7 antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) (macrolide lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB), tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, fosmidomycin, lincomycin, and vancomycin) that showed significant differences between the 2 groups (all P < 0.05). The abundance of Actinomycetes was enriched (about 2.4-fold) in young adults. Bifidobacteria dominated in both young adults and elderly subjects, with overall higher abundances in young adults (P > 0.05). Only the Bifidobacterium_dentium species showed significant differences between the 2 groups (P = 0.013), with a higher abundance in elderly subjects but absent in young adults. Conclusions The present study revealed that there were 3 KEGG metabolic pathways and 7 ARGs as well as enhanced Bifidobacterium_dentium species abundance in elderly compared to young subjects.

Individual limb work does not explain the greater metabolic cost of walking in elderly adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 2266-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus D. Ortega ◽  
Claire T. Farley
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Young Subjects

Elderly adults consume more metabolic energy during walking than young adults. Our study tested the hypothesis that elderly adults consume more metabolic energy during walking than young adults because they perform more individual limb work on the center of mass. Thus we compared how much individual limb work young and elderly adults performed on the center of mass during walking. We measured metabolic rate and ground reaction force while 10 elderly and 10 young subjects walked at 5 speeds between 0.7 and 1.8 m/s. Compared with young subjects, elderly subjects consumed an average of 20% more metabolic energy ( P = 0.010), whereas they performed an average of 10% less individual limb work during walking over the range of speeds ( P = 0.028). During the single-support phase, elderly and young subjects both conserved ∼80% of the center of mass mechanical energy by inverted pendulum energy exchange and performed a similar amount of individual limb work ( P = 0.473). However, during double support, elderly subjects performed an average of 17% less individual limb work than young subjects ( P = 0.007) because their forward speed fluctuated less ( P = 0.006). We conclude that the greater metabolic cost of walking in elderly adults cannot be explained by a difference in individual limb work. Future studies should examine whether a greater metabolic cost of stabilization, reduced muscle efficiency, greater antagonist cocontraction, and/or a greater cost of generating muscle force cause the elevated metabolic cost of walking in elderly adults.

scholarly journals Decreased Ecological Resistance of the Gut Microbiota in Response to Clindamycin Challenge in Mice Colonized with the Fungus Candida albicans

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Markey ◽  
Antonia Pugliese ◽  
Theresa Tian ◽  
Farrah Roy ◽  
Kyongbum Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ecological Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Host Health

ABSTRACT The mammalian gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms which typically exhibits remarkable stability. As the gut microbiota has been shown to affect many aspects of host health, the molecular keys to developing and maintaining a “healthy” gut microbiota are highly sought after. Yet, the qualities that define a microbiota as healthy remain elusive. We used the ability to resist change in response to antibiotic disruption, a quality we refer to as ecological resistance, as a metric for the health of the bacterial microbiota. Using a mouse model, we found that colonization with the commensal fungus Candida albicans decreased the ecological resistance of the bacterial microbiota in response to the antibiotic clindamycin such that increased microbiota disruption was observed in C. albicans-colonized mice compared to that in uncolonized mice. C. albicans colonization resulted in decreased alpha diversity and small changes in abundance of bacterial genera prior to clindamycin challenge. Strikingly, co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that C. albicans colonization resulted in sweeping changes to the co-occurrence network structure, including decreased modularity and centrality and increased density. Thus, C. albicans colonization resulted in changes to the bacterial microbiota community and reduced its ecological resistance. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is the most common fungal member of the human gut microbiota, yet its ability to interact with and affect the bacterial gut microbiota is largely uncharacterized. Previous reports showed limited changes in microbiota composition as defined by bacterial species abundance as a consequence of C. albicans colonization. We also observed only a few bacterial genera that were significantly altered in abundance in C. albicans-colonized mice; however, C. albicans colonization significantly changed the structure of the bacterial microbiota co-occurrence network. Additionally, C. albicans colonization changed the response of the bacterial microbiota ecosystem to a clinically relevant perturbation, challenge with the antibiotic clindamycin.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa Planktonic- and Biofilm-Conditioned Media Elicit Discrete Metabolic Responses in Human Macrophages

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2260
Author(s):  
Amanda Fuchs ◽  
Isaac Miller ◽  
Sage Schiller ◽  
Mary Ammons ◽  
Brian Eilers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Glycerol Metabolism ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inositol Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Secretory Products

Macrophages (MΦs) are prevalent innate immune cells, present throughout human bodily tissues where they orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses to maintain cellular homeostasis. MΦs have the capacity to display a wide array of functional phenotypes due to different microenvironmental cues, particularly soluble bacterial secretory products. Recent evidence has emerged demonstrating that metabolism supports MΦ function and plasticity, in addition to energy and biomolecular precursor production. In this study, 1D 1H-NMR-based metabolomics was used to identify the metabolic pathways that are differentially altered following primary human monocyte-derived MΦ exposure to P. aeruginosa planktonic- and biofilm-conditioned media (PCM and BCM). Metabolic profiling of PCM- and BCM-exposed MΦs indicated a significant increase in glycolytic metabolism, purine biosynthesis, and inositol phosphate metabolism. In addition, these metabolic patterns suggested that BCM-exposed MΦs exhibit a hyperinflammatory metabolic profile with reduced glycerol metabolism and elevated catabolism of lactate and amino acids, relative to PCM-exposed MΦs. Altogether, our study reveals novel findings concerning the metabolic modulation of human MΦs after exposure to secretory microbial products and contributes additional knowledge to the field of immunometabolism in MΦs.

Phytate as a phosphorus nutrient with impacts on iron stress-related gene expression for phytoplankton: insights from diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiashun Li ◽  
Kaidian Zhang ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Senjie Lin
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Inositol Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Stress Signals

Phytoplankton have evolved a capability to acquire phosphorus (P) from dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) since the preferred form, dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP, or Pi), is often limited in parts of the ocean. Phytic acid (PA) is abundantly synthesized in plants and rich in excreta of animals, potentially enriching the DOP pool in coastal oceans. However, whether and how PA may be used by phytoplankton are poorly understood. Here, we investigated PA utilization and underlying metabolic pathways in the diatom model Phaeodactylum tricornutum . The physiological results showed that P. tricornutum could utilize PA as a sole source of P nutrient to support growth. Meanwhile, the replacement of PA for DIP also caused changes in multiple cellular processes such as inositol phosphate metabolism, photosynthesis, and signal transduction. These results suggest that PA is bioavailable to P. tricornutum and can directly participate the metabolic pathways of PA-grown cells. However, our data showed that the utilization of PA was markedly less efficient than that of DIP, and PA-grown cells exhibited P and iron (Fe) nutrient stress signals. Implicated in these findings is the potential of complicated responses of phytoplankton to an ambient DOP species, which calls for more systematic investigation. IMPORTANCE PA is abundant in plants, and cannot be digested by non-ruminant animals. Hence, it is potentially a significant component of the DOP pool in the coastal waters. Despite the potential importance, there is little information about its bioavailability to phytoplankton as a source of P nutrient and if so what molecular mechanisms are involved. In this study, we found that part of PA could be utilized by the diatom P. tricornutum to support growth, and another portion of PA can act as a substrate directly participating in various metabolism pathways and cellular processes. However, our physiological and transcriptomic data show that PA-grown cells still exhibited signs of P stress and potential Fe stress. These results have significant implications in phytoplankton P nutrient ecology and provide a novel insight into multi-faceted impacts of DOP utilization on phytoplankton nutrition and metabolism.

scholarly journals The autistic-like behaviors development during weaning and sexual maturation in VPA-induced autistic-like rats is accompanied by gut microbiota dysbiosis

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11103
Author(s):  
Qingmin Kong ◽  
Peijun Tian ◽  
Jianxin Zhao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Inositol Phosphate Metabolism

Researches on gut microbiota in autism have mostly focused on children, but the dynamic changes of gut microbiota from weaning to adulthood were still not clear because of the difficulty of diagnosing autism. In this study, autistic-like rats indued by valproate (VPA) were tracked from weaning (end of breastfeeding; four weeks old) to sexual maturation (food; eight weeks old). Autistic-like rats were found to show obvious developmental disorders. During weaning, autistic-like rats only exhibited obvious repetitive stereotyped behaviors, but the autistic-like behaviors were fully apparent upon sexual maturation. Significant differences were observed between the gut microbiota of autistic-like and healthy rats across both age groups. The correlation analysis results revealed that the correlation between behaviors and some microbiota, especially Helicobacter, did not vary with age or diet. The total amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) decreased, butyric acid metabolism decreased, and propionic acid metabolism increased in the feces of autistic-like rats. The correlation between autistic-like behaviors and the butyric acid and propionic acid levels did not vary with diet or age. Inositol phosphate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were significantly associated with autistic-like behaviors. Our results showed that although the microbiota and SCFAs related to autism were affected by age and diet, some remained consistent irrespective of age and diet, and they could be considered two of the factors related to autistic-like behaviors development.

Change of Intestinal Microbiota in Mice Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqun Fan ◽  
Ling Lu ◽  
Rong Jin ◽  
Aihua Sui ◽  
Renzheng Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Gut microbiota has been proposed to be related to the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases such as asthma and lung cancer, according to the gut-lung axis. However, little is known about the relationship between broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and gut microbiota. This study was designed to investigate the changes of gut microbiota in neonatal mice with BPD. Methods: BPD model was induced through exposure to high concentration of oxygen. HE staining was utilized to determine the modeling efficiency. Stool samples were collected from the distal colon for the sequencing of V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA, in order to analyze the gut microbiota diversity.Results: BPD models were established in this study. Alpha diversity indicated that there were no statistical differences in the abundance of gut microbiota between model group and control group. On day 14, there were statistical differences in the genetic diversity between two groups (p<0.05). Beta diversity analysis showed that there were statistical differences in the gut microbiota on day 14 (R=0.368, p=0.021). Line discriminant analysis (LDA) showed that there were 22 markers with statistical differences on day 14 (p<0.05), while those on day 7 and 21 were 3 and 4, respectively. Functional prediction analysis showed that the top 3 metabolic pathways were signal transduction (PFDR=0.037), glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (PFDR=0.032), and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides (PFDR=0.049). Conclusions: BPD mice showed disorder of gut microbiota, which may involve with specific metabolic pathways in the early stage. In the presence of intestinal maturity in mice, the differences of the gut microbiota between the two groups would gradually disappear.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota of Grazing Mongolian Cattle from Different Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1938
Author(s):  
Han Aricha ◽  
Huasai Simujide ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Wenting Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Xilingol Grassland

Mongolian cattle from China have strong adaptability and disease resistance. We aimed to compare the gut microbiota community structure and diversity in grazing Mongolian cattle from different regions in Inner Mongolia and to elucidate the influence of geographical factors on the intestinal microbial community structure. We used high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the fecal microbial community and diversity in samples from 60 grazing Mongolian cattle from Hulunbuir Grassland, Xilingol Grassland, and Alxa Desert. A total of 2,720,545 high-quality reads and sequences that were 1,117,505,301 bp long were obtained. Alpha diversity among the three groups showed that the gut microbial diversity in Mongolian cattle in the grasslands was significantly higher than that in the desert. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, whereas Verrucomicrobia presented the highest abundance in the gut of cattle in the Alxa Desert. The gut bacterial communities in cattle from the grasslands versus the Alxa Desert were distinctive, and those from the grasslands were closely clustered. Community composition analysis revealed significant differences in species diversity and richness. Overall, the composition of the gut microbiota in Mongolian cattle is affected by geographical factors. Gut microbiota may play important roles in the geographical adaptations of Mongolian cattle.

scholarly journals Associations between stool micro-transcriptome, gut microbiota, and infant growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Molly C. Carney ◽  
Xiang Zhan ◽  
Akanksha Rangnekar ◽  
Maria Z. Chroneos ◽  
Sarah J.C. Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids

Abstract Rapid infant growth increases the risk for adult obesity. The gut microbiome is associated with early weight status; however, no study has examined how interactions between microbial and host ribonucleic acid (RNA) expression influence infant growth. We hypothesized that dynamics in infant stool micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) would be associated with both microbial activity and infant growth via putative metabolic targets. Stool was collected twice from 30 full-term infants, at 1 month and again between 6 and 12 months. Stool RNA were measured with high-throughput sequencing and aligned to human and microbial databases. Infant growth was measured by weight-for-length z-score at birth and 12 months. Increased RNA transcriptional activity of Clostridia (R = 0.55; Adj p = 3.7E-2) and Burkholderia (R = −0.820, Adj p = 2.62E-3) were associated with infant growth. Of the 25 human RNAs associated with growth, 16 were miRNAs. The miRNAs demonstrated significant target enrichment (Adj p < 0.05) for four metabolic pathways. There were four associations between growth-related miRNAs and growth-related phyla. We have shown that longitudinal trends in gut microbiota activity and human miRNA levels are associated with infant growth and the metabolic targets of miRNAs suggest these molecules may regulate the biosynthetic landscape of the gut and influence microbial activity.

scholarly journals The change of gut microbiota in MDD patients under SSRIs treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Gaofei Li ◽  
Jiayu Gao ◽  
Ying Liang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metabolic Functions

AbstractThe alterations in the gut microbiota have been reported to be correlated with the development of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of intestinal microbiota in depressed patients after antidepressant treatment. We recruited 30 MDD patients (MDD group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). The MDD group received individualized treatment with escitalopram at a maximum dose of 20 mg/day. After depressive symptoms improved to a HAMD scale score > 50%, a fecal sample was collected again and used as the follow-up group. The differences of gut microbiota between patients and controls, the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment and the potential differences in metabolic functions were thus investigated. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly different within three groups, and the ratio of follow-up group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in MDD group than those of the other groups, and the alpha diversity was not significantly different between control and follow-up groups. The beta diversity of some patients resembled participants in the control group. The metabolic function of gut microbiota after treatment was still different from that of the control group. This study suggests that the intestinal flora of depressed patients has a tendency to return to normal under escitalopram treatment.

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