scholarly journals An ethics analysis of the rationale for publicly funded plastic surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Sandman ◽  
Emma Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Functional Versus ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Background Healthcare systems are increasingly struggling with resource constraints, given demographic changes, technological development, and citizen expectations. The aim of this article is to normatively analyze different suggestions regarding how publicly financed plastic surgery should be delineated in order to identify a well-considered, normative rationale. The scope of the article is to discuss general principles and not define specific conditions or domains of plastic surgery that should be treated within the publicly financed system. Methods This analysis uses a reflective equilibrium approach, according to which considered normative judgements in one area should be logically and argumentatively coherent with considered normative judgements and background theories at large within a system. Results and conclusions In exploring functional versus non-function conditions, we argue that it is difficult to find a principled reason for an absolute priority of functional conditions over non-functional conditions. Nevertheless, functional conditions are relatively easier to establish objectively, and surgical intervention has a clear causal effect on treating a functional condition. Considering non-functional conditions that require plastic surgery [i.e., those related to appearance or symptomatic conditions (not affecting function)], we argue that the patient needs to experience some degree of suffering (and not only a preference for plastic surgery), which must be ‘validated’ in some form by the healthcare system. This validation is required for both functional and non-functional conditions. Functional conditions are validated by distinguishing between statistically normal and abnormal functioning. Similarly, for non-functional conditions, statistical normality represents a potential method for distinguishing between what should and should not be publicly funded. However, we acknowledge that such a concept requires further development.

scholarly journals Contraceptive Choices: Is the Future with Men?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Anderson ◽  
M J Walton
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Male Contraceptive ◽  
The Future ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Phase Iii Studies

A credible, reversible male contraceptive with sufficient efficacy and convenience to rival established female methods has been eagerly awaited for some years. What are the issues surrounding its development and when is a launch likely? At present, many different approaches and targets have been identified for further development. These include spermatogenesis, unique testicular proteins, immunocontraception, the vas deferens and the potential method currently closest to fruition, hormonal contraception. This is now in Phase III studies in China and commercial studies are underway in Europe.

Managing Contradictory Stakeholder Demands of a Publicly Funded Research Center

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550002
Author(s):  
Peter Hutterer ◽  
Regina Gattringer ◽  
Hans Irschik ◽  
Franz Strehl
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Research Center ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Funded Research ◽  
Conflicting Demands

Following the guidelines of the European Union (EU), Austria supports scientific research and technological development by publicly funding of research centers. Such centers are positioned between scientific and industrial stakeholders and have to simultaneously fulfill contradictory demands. This paper deeply analyzes the Austrian Center of Competence in Mechatronics (ACCM) and exposes why this publicly funded research center is able to effectively manage these conflicting demands. Using the theory of ambidexterity, the study highlights that appropriate structures and strategies are preliminarily needed. In particular we found that the fundamental abilities for managing contradictory demands are located on an individual level and argue that especially the autonomous, well-educated people and their competences of self-organization enable the research center to be ambidextrous.

scholarly journals Digital Arenas: The regulatory framework and other relevant issues on eSports online betting

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Stylianos Sykas
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Regulatory Action ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Commercial World ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Online Betting ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Further Development

The contribution of technological development, in an essential and user-friendly way, to the transition of many aspects of the real world to the digital environment, is constantly creating new habits and new fields of activity. This transition, without any shadow of doubt, leads to new and unknown realities, which, apart from the interest they present, they call for thorough investigation and further regulation, where it is needed. The cases of eSports and online gaming, although not new to the user of the digital age, are of high importance to the investment and commercial world, in terms of their further development and exploitation. In this context, although online betting in eSports has been introduced to the Greek market a few years ago, it is unlikely to be developed according to its dynamics, since issues of legal nature are not settled yet. In order to ensure a secure landscape for eSports online betting, the necessity for transparency and integrity and their protection through regulatory action becomes imperative.

scholarly journals Biopile to Treat Oil-Contaminated Soils: Some Brazilian Experiance

2017 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Marcia Marques ◽  
Jorge Antonio Lopes ◽  
Marcelo Alarsa ◽  
Marcos F. Ferrari ◽  
Graciane Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Technological Options

Remediation of soils contaminated with petroleum and its products became a major issue in all regions of the world where on-shore and off-shore exploitation, refining transportation and storage of these products are carried out intensively. Many techniques for remediation of contaminated areas have been developed and tested during decades, being bioremediation both in-situ and ex-situ tow of the available options that require further development, which are currently capturing the attention of different sectors involved with the problem in Brazil. This paper presents the historical perspective of the increasing problem that initially appeared in the most traditional industrialized countries and currently has been intensified in countries with growing economy and technological development such as Brazil. Technological options for remediating the areas, variables relevant to the cleaning process, as well as the most recent trends in Brazil regarding the use of different techniques, with focus on biopiles are briefly presented.

scholarly journals BMV-CSC Patch: Sel Punca Jantung dengan Biomimetic Microvessel berbasis HUVEC sebagai Inovasi Potensial untuk Terapi Infark Miokardium Akut

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Yitzchak Millenard Sigilipu
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Hydrodynamic Focusing ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cardiac Patch ◽  
Further Development

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the main global cause of morbidity and mortality. The most common form of CHD is myocardial infarction which contributes to more than 15% of death. Cardiac stem cell-based therapy (CSC) is a promising approach to treat the condition. The main issue hindering efficacy and further development of the approach is the low retention and viability of stem cells after intra myocardial injection on ischemic heart. In order to address the issue, a novel strategy to create a vascularized cardiac patch using the microfluid with hydrodynamic focusing technique. The cardiac patch will be integrated Biomimetic Micro Vessels (BMV) alongside human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on the luminal surface. A study reported that the endothelium of BMV mimics the architecture and natural functioning of the capillaries. Vascularized cardiac patch (BMV-CSC) will release paracrine factors higher than original co-cultured human CSC and HUVEC after seven days of in vitro culture. In acute myocardial infract (AMI) rat model, the BMV-CSC patch induced mitotic activities of cardiomyocytes in peri-infarcted area after 4 weeks of implantation. Significant increase in the density of myocardial capillaries in infarct area compared to the conventional cardiac patch was also reported. The significant benefits of BMV-CSC patch showed that this approach is a potential method for AMI therapy.

Strategic Planning as a Tool to Overcome Russia’s Technological Backwardness

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Lenchuk ◽  
V. I. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Topic. The subject of the article is the analysis of approaches to overcoming the stagnation of scientific and technological development of the Russian economy in the context of the emerging system of strategic planning in the Russian Federation.Purpose. The authors set the following main tasks. First — based on the assessment of the current situation in the field of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation — to analyse the tools used for strategic planning of scientific and technological development for their internal connectivity. Second — based on analysis mentioned above — to form the directions of further development and improvement of the formed system of strategic planning of scientific and technological development in the RF.Methods. The logistic analysis of the developed documents of strategic planning of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation on the subject of their substantial conjugacy and compliance with the logic and requirements of the Federal law No. 172 “On strategic planning in the Russian Federation” made it possible to formulate proposals for its further development and improvement.Results. The analysis showed that Federal law No. 172 “On strategic planning in the Russian Federation” forms the conceptual basis for strategic planning of scientific and technological development in the RF. Further development and improvement of the formed system of strategic planning of scientific and technological development of the RF should take place in the direction of strengthening the substantive interface of strategic planning documents (strategies and programs) at the Federal level with similar documents at the industry and regional levels. To this end, it is necessary, first, to finalize, in the context of the tasks of scientific and technological development, the methodological requirements for the documents of the sectoral and regional level and, secondly, to ensure the logic (sequence) of the development of such documents, allowing to really ensuring their meaningful internal relationship.

scholarly journals Integrative Training of Future Engineers to Innovative Activities in Conditions of Postindustrial Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Yushko ◽  
M. F. Galikhanov ◽  
V. V. Kondratyev
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Postindustrial Economy ◽  
University Center ◽  
Engineering Activity ◽  
Technological University ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Engineering Training

The article substantiates the necessity of new priorities and paradigms of innovative engineering activity, changing the role of an engineer and the nature of engineering education. It is demonstrated that the basis of modern technologies is interdisciplinary research that determines the need for integrative training of engineers for innovation. The main characteristics, distinctive features and structure of such activity are given. Based on the qualification levels of future engineers’ and the stages of their professional competencies formation, the requirements for innovative engineers are formulated and a comprehensive approach to the formation of engineering competencies is substantiated. The change of the most important trends in the field of engineering training made it possible to update the main provisions of the classical concept of engineering education. The vector of further development of Kazan National Research Technological University as a university center for technological development of the Republicof Tatarstanin the field of chemical technologies has been outlined.

scholarly journals Postgenomic Medicine: Alternative to Biomarkers

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Lisitsa ◽  
E. A. Ponomarenko ◽  
P. G. Lokhov ◽  
A. I. Archakov
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Human Blood Plasma ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Severe Change ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Further Development

In the article relevance of high-performance postgenomic technologies is tackled. The intrinsic problems of the implementation of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics in routine clinical practice are considered. Further development of postgenomic medicine requires severe change in the current research approaches. Avenue for development of such approaches are illustrated by metabolome research of human blood plasma. The postgenomic biomarkers are pictured as molecular iceberg, greater part of which is inaccessible for detection with measurement methods. Due to diversity of protein forms the spectrum of molecular markers will always evaluate in terms of incompleteness and inconsistence regardless of technological development level. These properties of «big data» are typical of data intensive domains. Special computational methods are essential for data intensive analytics and hardly suitable for the evidence-based medicine.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Modern Journalism: History, Facts, Prospects for Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-568
Author(s):  
Olga Chertovskikh ◽  
Matvey Chertovskikh
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Journalism History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Smart Machines ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Development Prospects

The article focuses on the issue of introduction of AI technology into the modern journalism. The topic proves to be of relevant importance as both mass media and press services reveal their direct dependence on the technological development level of the human society. It means that any new relevant technology can change the whole system. The objective of the article is to research the issue of Artificial Intelligence introduction into the modern journalism. The authors consider the history of the “smart machines” creation. Furthermore, they describe the current situation in the sphere of journalism, bring some specific examples of the existing and the projected systems and highlight the areas of possible practical application and the development prospects. They also obtain information on the main principles of the operation, the algorithms, the goals and the capabilities of the machines. In addition, the authors consider the advantages and the risks of this state-of-the-art technology, analyze the cultural and the psychological aspects of its mass introduction, make predictions concerning the prospects for the further development of this sphere, consider different scenarios of its development and identify the challenges and the advantages for the profession of a journalist. In conclusion, the authors state that despite the fact that AI in journalism is a mass phenomenon, all the projects of the introduction of Artificial Intelligence are not currently posing a direct threat to the profession. However, the fact that the mass media of different countries are starting to actively apply AI in journalism, emphasizes the relevance and the importance of further research in this sphere.

scholarly journals Personal Knowledge: Its Nature and Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Marek Podgórny
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Personal Knowledge ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Concepts Of Knowledge ◽  
Further Development

As a result of the rapid pace of economic and technological development, previously recognised competences have proved outdated and the demand for new competences has increased. In order to effectively function in the changing realities and to efficiently use both one’s own resources and those of the environment, one needs access to information and knowledge. Contemporary concepts of knowledge emphasise that knowledge is abruptly expanding and, thus, that it is exigent to continually analyse, evaluate and organise knowledge. Therefore, the fostering of attitudes of commitment to knowledge not only among young learners but above all among adults is prerequisite for the further development of knowledge, its high quality and continued relevance. Given this, education, guidance and counselling facilities must dedicate themselves to supporting their clients in taking responsibility for their ow knowledge. Additionally, the role and significance of knowledge in the prosperity of individuals, organisations and entire societies are increasing, as knowledge is becoming a valuable resource (capital) which is subject to management processes. This position is adopted and developed by the modern concept of knowledge management (Nonaka & Konno, 1998) and its latest iteration, i.e. personal knowledge management. Replete with educational merits, the latter concept is explored in my paper in the context of changes in conceptualising what knowledge actually is.

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