Expression of IRT1 gene in barley seedlings under zinc deficiency at optimal and low temperatures

The deficiency or excess of zinc (Zn) cause negative effect on plant metabolism and development. Therefore, plants have established a tightly controlled system, including protein transporters to balance the uptake and utilization of metal ions. In this study, the relative expression of HvIRT1 gene, encoding the transmembrane protein IRT1 was analyzed in shoots and roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare ‘Nur’) under zinc deficiency at optimal (22 °C) or low (4 °C) temperatures. The Zn deficiency (0 μmol) caused an increase in HvIRT1 gene expression under both optimal temperature condition and cold. Although, the difference in mRNA content of HvIRT1 gene in roots of barley under optimal and low temperature was not observe. However, the HvIRT1 expression in leaves was higher at optimal temperature compare with cold condition. Moreover, long-term (7 days) of low temperature influence along with zinc deficiency leads to a significant decrease in the amount of HvIRT1transcripts in leaves, that corresponds to a decrease of photosynthesis rate and biomass accumulation. Overall, these findings suggest that HvIRT1 gene play an important role in plant’s response to zinc deficiency under optimal temperatures condition as well as at cold.

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Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains-Distribution of the Essential Enzymatic Virulence Factors Genes

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10010008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Tomasz Bogiel ◽

Małgorzata Prażyńska ◽

Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg ◽

Agnieszka Mikucka ◽

Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Alkaline Protease ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Virulence Gene Expression ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

The Difference

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most commonly isolated bacteria from clinical specimens, with increasing isolation frequency in nosocomial infections. Herein, we investigated whether antimicrobial-resistant P. aeruginosa strains, e.g., metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates, may possess a reduced number of virulence genes, resulting from appropriate genome management to adapt to a changing hospital environment. Hospital conditions, such as selective pressure, may lead to the replacement of virulence genes by antimicrobial resistance genes that are crucial to survive under current conditions. The study aimed to compare, using PCR, the frequency of the chosen enzymatic virulence factor genes (alkaline protease-aprA, elastase B-lasB, neuraminidases-nan1 and nan2, and both variants of phospholipase C-plcH and plcN) to MBL distribution among 107 non-duplicated carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. The gene encoding alkaline protease was noted with the highest frequency (100%), while the neuraminidase-1 gene was observed in 37.4% of the examined strains. The difference in lasB and nan1 prevalence amongst the MBL-positive and MBL-negative strains, was statistically significant. Although P. aeruginosa virulence is generally more likely determined by the complex regulation of the virulence gene expression, herein, we found differences in the prevalence of various virulence genes in MBL-producers.

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Application of Exogenous Protectants Mitigates Salt-Induced Na+ Toxicity and Sustains Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seedling Growth: Comparison of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 380

Author(s):

Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani ◽

Jinsai Chen ◽

Mukesh Kumar Soothar ◽

Guangshuai Wang ◽

Xiaojun Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Soil Salinization ◽

Sodium Toxicity ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Effective Conditions ◽

A Current

Soil salinization adversely affects agricultural productivity. Mitigating the adverse effects of salinity represents a current major challenge for agricultural researchers worldwide. The effects of exogenously applied glycine betaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) on mitigating sodium toxicity and improving the growth of cotton seedlings subjected to salt stress remain unclear. The treatments in a phytotron included a control (CK, exogenously untreated, non-saline), two NaCl conditions (0 and 150 mM), four exogenous GB concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mM), and four exogenous SA concentrations (0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM). The shoot and roots exposed to 150 mM NaCl without supplementation had significantly higher Na+ and reduced K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents, along with lowered biomass, compared with those of CK. Under NaCl stress, exogenous GB and SA at all concentrations substantially inversed these trends by improving ion uptake regulation and biomass accumulation compared with NaCl stress alone. Supplementation with 5.0 mM GB and with 1.0 mM SA under NaCl stress were the most effective conditions for mitigating Na+ toxicity and enhancing biomass accumulation. NaCl stress had a negative effect on plant growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, leaf water potential, and total nitrogen (N) in the shoot and roots, which were improved by supplementation with 5.0 mM GB or 1.0 mM SA. Supplementation with 5.0 mM exogenous GB was more effective in controlling the percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) under NaCl stress.

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2. On the Polarizability of Heat from different Sources

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s037016460003916x ◽

1845 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 334-334

Author(s):

Forbes

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

The Difference ◽

Different Sources

The author of this paper states in it his belief, that the curious fact formerly announced to the Society of the greater permeability of mica, laminated by heat, to heat of low temperature, contrary to the usual character of the same substance (a property which he has since extended (see Proceedings, Jan. 1840) to changes of mechanical conditions of surface), may very probably explain, as M. Melloni anticipates, the difference in point of fact long contested between them as to the equal or unequal polarizability of heat from different sources.

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Effects of Diarrhea Associated with Specific Enteropathogens on the Growth of Children in Rural Bangladesh

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.73.6.799 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 799-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert E. Black ◽

Kenneth H. Brown ◽

Stan Becker

Keyword(s):

Linear Growth ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Growth Control ◽

Reference Population ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

Rural Bangladesh ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Difference

Village-based surveillance data from longitudinal studies in rural Bangladesh have been used to evaluate the nutritional consequences of infectious diseases, including diarrhea due to specific pathogens. The prevalences of specific illnesses were related to the ponderal and linear growth of young children for 2-month and 1-year periods. Of the common illnesses, only diarrhea had a significant inverse relationship with increments of weight during 2-month periods and of length during 1 year. Diarrhea accounted for 20% of the difference in linear growth between the study children and the international reference population during the first 5 years of life. Diarrhea associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli had a significant negative effect on the bimonthly weight gain of children in this community and shigellosis had the strongest negative effect on bimonthly and annual linear growth. Control of diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic E coli and Shigella would not only substantially diminish diarrheal morbidity but would also improve the growth of children and thereby reduce the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition.

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FC 068QUALITY OF LIFE OVER TIME IN OLDER MEN AND WOMEN WITH ADVANCED CKD - RESULTS FROM THE EQUAL STUDY

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab122.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas Chesnaye ◽

Yvette Meuleman ◽

Esther De Rooij ◽

Friedo W Dekker ◽

Marie Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Harmful Effect ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

P Value ◽

Joint Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Linear Interaction ◽

Men And Women ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Difference ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background and Aims Differences between the sexes are apparent in the epidemiology of CKD. Cross-sectional studies show that women consistently report a poorer health-related quality of life (QoL) than men, however, longitudinal studies are lacking. Here we investigate the sex-specific evolution of QoL over time in advanced CKD. As a secondary aim, we explore the sex-specific determinants of QoL. Method EQUAL is an observational prospective cohort study in stages 4 and 5 CKD patients ≥65 years not on dialysis with an incident estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 20 ml/min/1.73m². Data on QoL (measured using the RAND-36), clinical and demographic patient characteristics were collected between April 2012 and September 2020. QoL trajectories were modelled by sex using linear mixed models, and joint models were applied to deal with informative censoring. We followed patients until death or dialysis initiation. Results We included 5151 QoL measurements in 1416 patients over a total of 1986 person years of follow-up. Overall, the physical component summary (PCS) declined with 2.0 (95% CI 1.4-2.6) points and the mental component summary (MCS) by 2.4 (95% CI 1.8-3.0) points per year. Although women had overall lower QoL scores, figure 1 demonstrates that PCS and MCS declined more than twice as fast in men (PCS: 2.4 per year, 95% CI 1.7 – 3.1, MCS: 2.9 per year, 95% CI 2.2 – 3.6) compared with women (PCS: 1.1 per year, 95% CI -0.2 – 2.0, MCS: 1.5 per year, 95% CI 0.5 – 2.4). We identified a non-linear interaction effect between sex and eGFR levels on QoL, demonstrating a stronger negative effect of decreased eGFR on both PCS (p=0.02) and MCS (p=0.04) in men compared with women. Subsequent adjustment for renal decline attenuated the difference in rate of QoL decline between men and women (difference after adjustment; PCS: 1.1, 95% CI -0.1 – 2.2, MCS: 1.2, 95% 0.0 – 2.3). In univariable analyses, higher serum haemoglobin was more beneficial to QoL in men compared to women (p-value for interaction; PCS: p=0.03, MCS: p=0.01). Higher serum phosphate had a strong harmful effect on both PCS and MCS in men, but not in women (PCS & MCS: p<0.001). The presence of pre-existing diabetes had a negative effect on PCS and MCS in men, but to a lesser extent in women (PCS: p=0.02, MCS: p=0.01). Conclusion Despite the higher overall QoL reported by men, both their physical and mental QoL declined approximately twice as fast compared with women. The faster decline in men was mediated in part by their lower levels of renal function, which had a stronger impact on their QoL as compared with women. Furthermore, in exploratory analyses we identified that high levels of phosphate, low levels of haemoglobin, and pre-existing diabetes were more detrimental to QoL in men than in women.

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The impact of credit risk on the financial stability of commercial banks in Vietnam

ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ◽

10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.en.11.2.1421.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 67-80

Author(s):

Nguyen Quoc Anh ◽

Duong Nguyen Thanh Phuong

Keyword(s):

Credit Risk ◽

Commercial Banks ◽

Financial Stability ◽

Dynamic Panel Data ◽

Z Score ◽

Return On Equity ◽

Score Analysis ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of credit risk on the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks. The paper uses the Z-score to proxy the financial stability of banks. We use the data of 27 Vietnamese commercial banks on BankScope, during 2010 - 2019. The paper applied a dynamic panel data approach; the selected method is the difference GMM (DGMM). The key question discussed is which factor impacts on Z-score. Analysis results show the negative effect of non-performing loans on the financial stability of banks. When commercial banks have higher non-performing loans, the lower the financial stability is. Additionally, bank-specific variables such as equity on asset ratio, the return on equity, the size of the bank and set of macroeconomic variables affect the bank’s financial stability. Based on the analysis results, we imply relevant policies for the State Bank of Vietnam and commercial banks.

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INTERVENSI KEBIJAKAN MONETER TERHADAP INVESTASI PORTOFOLIO: KASUS INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT

Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan ◽

10.24036/jkep.v2i1.8793 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Nanda Alfarina ◽

Hasdi Aimon

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Interest Rate ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The United States ◽

Portfolio Investment ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Long Run ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Difference ◽

Effect Of Monetary Policy

This study aims to determine the effect of monetary policy measured by the central bank’s policy rate (X1) on portfolio investment (Y) in Indonesia and United States in the long run. The data used are secondary data seouced from SEKI BI, FRED The FEd, coinmarketcap.com, and investing.com, with the VECM (Vector Error Correction Mechanism) analysis methode. The study show The study shows the differences between the results that occur in Indonesia and the United States. The policy interest rate has a significant positive effect on portfolio investment in the long run in Indonesia, while in the United States the interest rate in the long run has a significant negative effect on portfolio investment. The difference in research results between the two countries shows the need for different treatment for monetary authorities in encouraging portfolio investment

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A Comparative Study of the Effect of Institutional Ownership, Audit Committee, and Gender on Audit Report Lag in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore

The Indonesian Accounting Review ◽

10.14414/tiar.v8i2.1658 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 131

Author(s):

Yulia Frischanita

Keyword(s):

Audit Committee ◽

Institutional Ownership ◽

Mean Value ◽

Audit Report ◽

Mining Company ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Mining Companies ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Difference ◽

And Gender

The purpose of this research are to analyst the negative effect of institutional ownership, audit committee and gender to audit report lag of mining company in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore for 2012-2016. Gender is proxied by gender of CEO and gender of Committee Audit’s Head. Not only that, the research also analyst the difference mean value of audit report lag in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. This research use random purposive sampling technique because the amount company gap after purposive sampling between three counties are high. Total of population of three countries are 67 companies and mining company which fulfill the criteria of purposive sampling is 43 companies. That are consist of 34 Indonesia’s mining companies, 3 Malaysia’s mining companies and 6 Singapore’s mining companies. The final sample is 13 companies consist of 5 Indonesia’s company, 5 Singapore’s company and 3 Malaysia’s Company. Multiple Linear Regression is used to examine the effect of independent variable to dependent variable, while One Way-Anova is used to examine the difference mean value of audit report lag. The result of this research are institutional ownership have negative effect to audit report lag, while audit committee and gender don’t have effect to audit report lag. Beside that, there is no difference mean value of audit report lag in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore because they have same regulation about maximal day of company to publish their financial report.

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IFITM1 expression determines extracellular vesicle uptake in colorectal cancer

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences ◽

10.1007/s00018-021-03949-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Kelemen ◽

Idan Carmi ◽

Ádám Oszvald ◽

Péter Lőrincz ◽

Gábor Petővári ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Transmembrane Protein ◽

Extracellular Vesicle ◽

Cellular Heterogeneity ◽

Functional Difference ◽

Proliferating Cells ◽

Antiviral Responses ◽

The Difference ◽

Functional Relevance ◽

Therapeutic Tools

AbstractThe majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients carry mutations in the APC gene, which lead to the unregulated activation of the Wnt pathway. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are considered potential therapeutic tools. Although CRC is a genetically heterogeneous disease, the significance of the intra-tumor heterogeneity in EV uptake of CRC cells is not yet known. By using mouse and patient-derived organoids, the currently available best model of capturing cellular heterogeneity, we found that Apc mutation induced the expression of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (Ifitm1), a membrane protein that plays a major role in cellular antiviral responses. Importantly, organoids derived from IFITM1high CRC cells contained more proliferating cells and they had a markedly reduced uptake of fibroblast EVs as compared to IFITM1low/− cells. In contrast, there was no difference in the intensity of EV release between CRC subpopulations with high and low IFITM1 levels. Importantly, the difference in cell proliferation between these two subpopulations disappeared in the presence of fibroblast-derived EVs, proving the functional relevance of the enhanced EV uptake by IFITM1low CRC cells. Furthermore, inactivating IFITM1 resulted in an enhanced EV uptake, highlighting the importance of this molecule in establishing the cellular difference for EV effects. Collectively, we identified CRC cells with functional difference in their EV uptake ability that must be taken into consideration when using EVs as therapeutic tools for targeting cancer cells.

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LA INSERCIÓN COMERCIAL DE CHINA EN LATINOAMÉRICA

Investigación Económica ◽

10.22201/fe.01851667p.2019.310.71549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (310) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Jorge Alberto López Arévalo ◽

Óscar Rodil Marzábal

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Free Trade ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Bilateral Trade ◽

Free Trade Agreements ◽

Trade Agreements ◽

Trade Integration ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Difference ◽

Positive Effect

Este trabajo estudia los intercambios bilaterales de China con México, Chile, Costa Rica y Perú desde la óptica del comercio intraindustrial durante 1995-2017. En particular, se analizan las diferencias en el patrón de inserción intraindustrial en un contexto marcado por la existencia (Chile, Costa Rica y Perú) o no (México) de acuerdos de libre comercio con China. El estudio se completa con un análisis econométrico (efectos fijos) de los determinantes del comercio intraindustrial. Los resultados muestran una inserción de bajo perfil intraindustrial, con la excepción de algunas partidas específicas relativas a productos eléctricos y de la industria automotriz. Por otro lado, se confirma el efecto positivo del tamaño de la economía, de la inversión extranjera directa y de la diferenciación de producto, así como negativo de la diferencia en el nivel de ingreso; mientras que existe una indefinición en el papel de los acuerdos de libre comercio con China. THE TRADE INTEGRATION OF CHINA IN LATIN AMERICA ABSTRACT This paper studies China’s bilateral trade with Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica and Peru from the perspective of intra-industrial trade during 1995-2017. In particular, the differences in the pattern of intra-industrial insertion are analyzed in a context characterized by the existence (Chile, Costa Rica and Peru) or not (Mexico) of free trade agreements with China. An econometric analysis (fixed effects) of the determinants of intra-industrial trade completes the study. The results show a low intra-industrial profile, except for some specific items related to electrical products and the automotive industry. The positive effect of the size of the economy, foreign direct investment and product differentiation is also confirmed, as well as the negative effect of the difference in income level. However, there is an undefined role for free trade agreements with China.

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