Intertribal variation with respect to BMI: A Study on tribal Women of Bastar, Chhattisgarh. India

Body mass index (BMI) is the most established indicator to assess nutritional status. The aim of the present study is to determine variation between Bhatra and Dhurwa women of Bastar, Chhattisgarh with respect to BMI and also to evaluate variation in magnitude of BMI in relation to socio-anthropometric determinants. Anthropometric data from290 Bhatra women and 207 Dhurwa women of reproductive age group were collected cross-sectionally and BMI is calculated in relation to the socio-economic status of tribal women. BMI is determined by measuring the weight and height of selected respondents by using standard techniques. Result reveals that Bhatra women are slightly heavier and taller than Dhurwa women. The mean BMI is found to be higher in Bhatra women (19.98± 0.15 Kg/M²) than Dhurwa women (19.70±0.18 Kg/M²). The mean values of mean BMI in relation to different socio-anthropometric determinants indicate state of normal nutrition in women of both tribal groups of Bastar except women of body weight ranged 30-41Kg., sitting height vertex ranged59-66cm and height vertex ranged 160-178cm. The present study reveals that the prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) is higher in Dhurwa women (31.88%) than Bhatra women (27.58%). However BMI suggested that the prevalence of obesity in Bhatra women (3.45%) is higher than Dhurwa women (2.90%). The factors like age, menarcheal age, educational status, occupational status and different anthropometric determinants showed an impact over BMI magnitude among both tribal women of Bastar. However statistical analysis indicates non-significant intergroup differences among them except women of illiterate group, sitting height vertex ranged 59-66 cm and height vertex ranged 160-178 cm. Sources of mean BMI of various tribal women of India indicates that tribal women of Bastar are nutritionally better and show state of normal nutrition in comparison to them.

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DETERMINANTS OF CHRONIC ENERGY DEFICIENCY AND LOW BODY MASS INDEX OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN INDONESIA

Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi ◽

10.22435/kespro.v10i2.2403 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 173-180

Author(s):

Teti Tejayanti

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Body Mass ◽

Economic Status ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Energy Deficiency ◽

Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽

Low Body Mass Index

Abstrak Latar belakang: Status gizi perempuan di Indonesia cenderung memburuk. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) menunjukkan bahwa kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) pada wanita usia reproduksi meningkat dari 13,6 persen pada 2007 menjadi 20,8 persen pada 2013. Ibu hamil yang kekurangan gizi akan berdampak buruk pada bayinya. Tujuan: Memperoleh determinan status gizi kurang yaitu KEK dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) rendah dari wanita hamil di Indonesia pada tahun 2013. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013. Analisis dilakukan dengan multivariat regresi logistik. Jumlah sampel adalah 7236 ibu hamil. Ibu hamil dikatakan KEK jika pertengahan lingkar lengan atas (LILA) < 23,5 cm dan IMT diukur dengan pendekatan metode Broca. Hasil: Determinan ibu hamil KEK dan IMT rendah adalah tinggal di perdesaan (AOR 1,20; 95% CI [1,11-1,13]), usia <20 tahun (AOR 1,62; 95% CI [1,60-1,65]), paritas 1 anak (AOR 2,04; 95% CI [2,02-2,06]), berpendidikan rendah (AOR 1,92; 95% CI [0,91-0,93]) dan status ekonomi rendah (AOR 3,36; 95% CI [3,31- 3,41]). Kesimpulan: Pendidikan harus ditingkatkan minimal hingga sekolah menengah atas sehingga pengetahuan gizi ibu meningkat dan kehamilan dini dapat dicegah. Ibu dengan status ekonomi rendah harus menjadi prioritas dalam pelayanan ibu dan upaya intervensi gizi. Kata kunci: Sosial ekonomi, lingkar lengan atas, KEK, BMI, gizi ibu hamil. Abstract Background: The nutritional status of women in Indonesia tends to worsen. Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) showed that chronic energy deficiency (CED) among women of reproductive age increased from 13.6 percent in 2007 to 20.8 percent in 2013. Pregnant women who are lack of nutrition will have an impact on their babies. Objective: To determine the determinants of poor nutritional status which are CED and low body mass index (BMI) of pregnant women in Indonesia. Method: This study used 2013 Riskesdas data. The analysis was done using multivariate logistic regression. The total sample was 7236 pregnant women. Pregnant women with CED are those who have mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of less than 23.5 cm and BMI was measured by the Broca method approach. Results: The determinants of pregnant women with CED and low BMI are living in rural area (AOR 1.20; 95% CI [1.11-1.13]), age of <20 years (AOR 1.62; 95% CI [1.60-1.65]), having 1 child (AOR 2.04; 95% CI [2.02- 2.06]), having low education (AOR 1.92; 95% CI [0.91-0.93]) and low economic status (AOR 3.36; 95% CI [3.31- 3.41]). Conclusion: Education must be improved to at least high school degree, so that the mother's nutritional knowledge will increase, and early pregnancy will be prevented. Mothers with low economic status must be priority in maternal cervices and nutrition interventions. Keywords: Socioeconomic, nutrition, mid-upper arm, CED, BMI, nutrition of pregnant women

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STUDIES ON FOLIC ACID IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.33.4.507 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 507-511

Author(s):

Yehuda Matoth ◽

Ariela Pinkas ◽

Rina Zamir ◽

Fouad Mooallem ◽

Nathan Grossowicz

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Folinic Acid ◽

Economic Status ◽

Mean Value ◽

First Year ◽

Mean Values ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Initial Drop ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year

The level of folic and folinic acid in whole blood was assayed in 373 healthy infants from birth to one year. Folic acid was high at birth and dropped gradually over the first 8 postnatal weeks. The mean value for the remainder of the first year was significantly below the adult mean. Folinic acid was likewise high at birth and dropped parallel with the folic acid. However, following the initial drop, folinic acid mean values remained well above the adult mean. Folic and folinic acid values were higher in breast-fed than in artificially fed infants and lower in infants whose economic status was poor than in babies belonging to families of higher income.

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Relationship of Chronic Energy Deficiency, Birthweight and Exclusive Breastfeeding with Stunting in Kedungrejo Village, Pakis District, Malang

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v0i0.8872 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Esthi Endah Tri Maulina ◽

Lucky Radita Alma ◽

Siti Nurrochmah

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Economic Status ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Chi Square ◽

Energy Deficiency ◽

Maternal Nutritional Status ◽

Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽

Relationship Of

n 2018, the average prevalence of stunting in Indonesia ranked sixth in the Asian region, at 36.4%. In the Java region, East Java ranked first with a stunting proportion of 32.81%. Malang is a district that has continued to experience an increase in the proportion of short nutritional status over the past three years: 22.9% in 2016, 28.3% in 2017 and 31.7% in 2018. Factors that affect stunting include income, education, economic status, number of family members, knowledge, exclusive breastfeeding, sanitation, clean water, health services, nutritional status of pregnant women, infections and birthweight. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of maternal nutritional status, birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding with the rate of stunting in Kedungrejo Village, Pakis District, Malang. This analytical observational study used a case–control design. The sample size of the case and control groups were 31 and 62 toddlers, respectively, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analysed by Chi-square test. No significant relationship was seen between the maternal nutritional status and the rate of stunting (X2 value 0.151 < X 2 table 3.841), and the birthweight and the rate of stunting (X2 value 0.427 < X 2 table 3.841), however, there was a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the rate of stunting (X2 value 10.747 > X 2 table 3.841). Keywords: the birthweight of babies, exclusive breastfeeding, mother’s nutritional status, stunting

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A study on influence of education and occupation on family planning practices in rural Shamirpet, R.R. District, T.S., India.

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2017.6.11.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 5525

Author(s):

Vijayasree L.

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Economic Status ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Educational Status ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Safe Motherhood ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Contraceptive Usage ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Family planning is an important pillar for safe motherhood and good reproductive health and is influenced by number of socio-demographic factors. Since fertility in India is primarily marital this study was planned among married women. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 402 women of reproductive age group. Details regarding various socio-demographic factors with special emphasis on education and occupation of husband and wife and their socio-economic status and its relation to contraceptive usage were studied. Prevalence of contraception was found to be 61.7%. Contraceptive usage had a significantly positive relation with literacy status of women, socio economic status of the couple. On the other hand husband’s educational status, occupation of women, husband’s occupation did not have any relation with contraceptive usage.

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Nutritional status of tribal women (Saharia and Meena), Baran district of Rajasthan, India

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-01-2018-0018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 922-939

Author(s):

Monika Monika ◽

Sadia Chishty ◽

Nimali Singh

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Reference Group ◽

Control Group ◽

General Category ◽

Content Type ◽

Energy Deficiency ◽

Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽

Tribal Women ◽

Women Groups

Purpose The purpose of the study was to assess the nutritional and health status of Saharia and non-Saharia women. Design/methodology/approach The present study was undertaken to compare the nutritional status of Saharia versus non-Saharia women in Baran district, Rajasthan. The sample comprised married non-pregnant and non-lactating (NPNL) women (aged 18-35 years) from three groups, that is, Saharia (n = 100), non-Saharia (Meena tribe, n = 100) and general category (n = 30). The general category women, or reference group, were selected as the control group belonging to the same region. The data included general profile, physical measurement, biochemical hemoglobin estimation, dietary and nutrient intake assessment. Findings The mean hemoglobin value in Saharia (8.3 ± 1.4 g/dl) and Meena (8.1 ± 1.4 g/dl) women was found to be significantly lower (p < 0.01 at 99 per cent confidence level) than that of the reference group (9.5 ± 1.4 g/dl) and much below the standard value of 12 g/dl. Chronic energy deficiency (BMI < 18.5) was more prevalent in Saharia women (68 per cent) followed by Meena (∼24 per cent) than reference women (7 per cent). Only 29 per cent Saharia women were under normal BMI and majority of the reference group women (77 per cent) and Meena women (72 per cent) had normal BMI (18.5-24). Nutrient and dietary intake of both the tribal women groups were low when compared with suggested levels. In Saharia and Meena women, magnesium and thiamine were significantly higher (p < 0.01) and other nutrients were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than recommended dietary allowances. Originality/value Anemia is prevalent in all categories of women. Women’s health is poor especially among Saharia women who are still striving hard to meet the national health standards. A multidimensional approach is required to uplift the health status. Hemoglobin levels of all the women were found to be very low.

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Penyuluhan Gizi Dan Pemeriksaan Kadar Hb Serta KEK Pada Remaja Putri Di Kecamatan Sukawati, Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2019

Jurnal Pengabmas Masyarakat Sehat (JPMS) ◽

10.33992/ms.v2i3.1035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 138-144

Author(s):

Ida Ayu Eka Padmiari

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Community Service ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Young Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Energy Deficiency ◽

Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽

Arm Circumference

Nutritional anemia generally occurs in women of reproductive age and children. This situation has the greatest overall effect in terms of health problems. Iron deficiency anemia is prone to occur in young women due to the increased need for iron during their infancy. The proportion of Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) in pregnant women in Sukawati District in 2017 was 34 mothers and in 2018 increased to as many as 40 pregnant women experiencing KEK, while the proportion of KEK in adolescent girls was not yet available. Likewise with the Proportion of Anemia in young women there is no data yet. Therefore, the servants will carry out Hb examination and measurement of LILA (Upper Arm Circumference) on young women in Sukawati sub-district, Gianyar Regency. The purpose of the Community Service is to provide counseling on nutrition, especially in the prevention of Anemia and KEK as well as examining hemoglobin levels in young women in Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. The method used to achieve the objectives of community service is the method of lecture, discussion and examination of Hb levels and measurement of MUAC.Examination of hemoglobin levels was performed to determine the anemia status of the target. The average Hb level was 12.85 g / dl while the lowest value was 9.1 g / dl while the highest was 14.6 g / dl. Of the 50 targets examined found 14 targets (28%) anemia and 36 targets (72%) were not anemic. Determination of KEK status is done by measuring the target upper arm circumference (MUAC). Of the 50 targets measured there were 17 targets (34%) experienced KEK and 33 targets (66%) did not experience KEK. The conclusion of this community service counseling about Anemia and KEK in the prevention of anemia and KEK has succeeded in increasing good knowledge to be above 50%, Adolescent girls who have anemia by 28%, Adolescent girls who experience chronic Less Energy (KEK) by 34% in Sukawati District Gianyar RegencyKeywords: Anemia, Chronic Energy Deficiency, Adolescent Girls

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A SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF PERCEPTIONS AND PATTERNS OF CONTRACEPTIVE (MANAE-HAMAL TADABEER) USAGE AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN WESTERN MAHARASHTRA

Indian Journal of Unani Medicine ◽

10.53390/ijum.v14i1.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Naeela Ansari ◽

Farha Rizwan

Keyword(s):

Personal Autonomy ◽

Economic Status ◽

Fertility Control ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contraceptive Usage

Background:Although all parts of the world have seen a huge increase in contraceptive usage, at least 200 million women still currently lack access to modern contraceptives(Manae-hamaltadabeer). Today about 53.4% eligible couples are still unprotected against conception. Successful fertility control leads to many social and economic advantages for women from educational attainment, personal autonomy to relationship stability and satisfaction. Material and Method:A cross-sectional study was carried out from Jan 2018 to Jan 2019 to analyse the awareness, perceptions and various patterns of contraceptives usage among 1000 women of reproductive age in western Maharashtra. Observation and Result:Data were collected from 1000 women participants. 266 (26.6%) belong to the age group of 25-29 years of age and Mean age of women was 32.78 years with SD + 7.58 yrs. 100% Awareness was observed whilemajority of 622 (62.2%) use contraceptive methods. About 226 (22.6%) preferred Condom.There was a significant association between age 2 2 2 (X =49.37, p=0.0001), educational status (X =439.46, p=0.0001),Socio Economic Status (X =72.1311, P=0.000),family 2 2 Type (X =14.44, p=0.001) and Parity (X =55.79, p=0.00001) with the knowledge scores.There was significant association 2 2 between preference of contraceptive methods scores and the age (X =104.32, p=0.000), Education (X =99.97, p=0.000), SES 2 2 (X =77.953, p=0.000) and parity (X =65.50, p=0.000). Conclusion:Despite 100% awareness and favourable attitude, significant number of reproductive age women did not use contraceptive methods due to various reasons. This study shows the association between socio-demographic variables and family planning acceptance ratio.

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Birth order influence on the anthropometric properties of the boys from Tuzla region

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ◽

10.17305/bjbms.2004.3419 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Jasminka Hadžihalilović ◽

Amira Redžić ◽

Rifat Terzić ◽

Fatima Jusupović ◽

Amir Hadžihalilović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Order ◽

Body Height ◽

Order Effects ◽

Leg Length ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Third ◽

Sitting Height ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

The Mean

Birth order and its effect on growth and development of children and youths have rarely been studied so far. The objective of this research was an analysis of the birth order effects on some anthropometric properties of the boys 11-16 years old. The sample consisted of 748 boysfrom the Tuzla region. As the sample included very few boys born as the third, forth, or fifth child, we decided to consider only the differences in the mean values for some anthropometric parameters between the groups of the first- and the second-born. Measurements were taken according to IBP and the following parameters were investigated: body height, body mass, chest circumference, upper arm circumference, upper leg circumference, sitting height, arm length, leg length, pelvis width, shoulders width, length and width of head. We established that in most generations the firstborn boys have larger mean values for most anthropometric variables in comparison to the second-born.

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HUBUNGAN USIA DAN STATUS PEKERJAAN IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN KURANG ENERGI KRONIS PADA IBU HAMIL

Jurnal Litbang Media Informasi Penelitian Pengembangan dan IPTEK ◽

10.33658/jl.v14i1.106 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 27-37

Author(s):

Aeda Ernawati

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Risk Estimation ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Energy Deficiency ◽

Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽

The Relationship

ENGLISHThe number of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency in Pati Regency increases in the last three years.The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship the age factor and the occupation of pregnant women towardchronic energy deficiency in pregnant women in Puskesmas Gabus I. This studi uses a quantitative approach with cross sectional design.The study is conducted at Puskesmas Gabus I.The populationare 194 pregnant women and 132 of them are used as the study sample obtained by simple random sampling. Statistical test uses chi square and risk estimation uses rasio prevalence. The results show that there is a correlationbetween maternal age and occupationn chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women. Mothers who are pregnant at too young (35 years) have risk experiencing chronic energy deficiency. In addition, the pregnant women without job. Therefore, it is important to promote pregnancy at a healthy reproductive age as well as to improve household’s incomes. INDONESIAPrevalensi ibu hamil yang mengalami Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) di Kabupaten Pati mengalami peningkatan. Data prevalensi ibu hamil KEK dari tahun 2014 sampai 2016 berturut-turut yaitu 6,43%, 7,47%, dan 8,03%.Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor usia ibu hamil dan status pekerjaan terhadap kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Gabus I. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Puskesmas Gabus I Jumlah populasi sebanyak 194 ibu hamil dan diambil sampel sebanyak 132 orang dengan teknik simple random sampling. Uji statistic menggunakan chi square dan estimasi risiko menggunaka rasio prevalence. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan usia ibu hamil dan status pekerjaan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil. Ibu yang hamil pada usia terlalu muda (< 20 tahun) atau terlalu tua (>35 tahun) berisiko mengalami KEK. Selain itu ibu hamil yang hanya beraktivitas sebagai ibu rumah tangga (tidak bekerja)berisiko mengalami KEK. Perlu upaya promosi kesehatan tentang pentingnya kehamilan di usia reproduksi sehat dan upaya peningkatanpenghasilan pada ibu rumah tangga.

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Efficacy Of Eel Cookies On Improving Nutritional Status Of Pregnant Women With Chronic Energy Defifiency

Jurnal Kesehatan Prima ◽

10.32807/jkp.v14i2.493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

Devi Pratiktowati ◽

Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati ◽

Ginna Megawati ◽

Deni Kurniadi Sunjaya

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Energy Deficiency ◽

Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Government

A high prevalence chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women exist in Indonesia, which approximately 16.2%. The government had made various efforts to eliminate CED in pregnant women. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze the efficacy of eel cookies on improving nutritional status of pregnant women with CED risk. An experiment with a pre-post design of 36 pregnant women with risk of CED in Ciletuh, Sukabumi was carried out for 30 days. Pregnant women in intervention group were given eel cookies, while control group were given cookies without eel. At the beginning and end of the study, MUAC were measured and food intake was assessed through a 24 hour recall. The research data was analysed using t-test, Mann-Whitney test and chi square. Significant difference in body weight between intervention and control groups was not found (p > 0.05). The mean bodyweight in intervention group after intervention (48.5) was higher than in control group (48.3). The Mean bodyweight and MUAC in the two groups before and after intervention also did not show a significant difference (p> 0.05). The risk of CED in pregnant women who received eel cookies were lower compared to the control group. Consumption of eel cookies can reduce CED risk in pregnant women by 35%, while cookies without eel only reduce the risk by 29.4%. Eel cookies had higher efficacy compared to cookies without eel on reducing CED risk in pregnant women.

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