scholarly journals Modelling of Railway Track Temperature Regime with Real Heat-Technical Values for Different Climatic Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Hodás ◽  
Alžbeta Pultznerová
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Negative Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Abstract High quality of railway track construction is a major priority. One of the quality elements is the resistance to load of railway formation with individual structural layers caused by negative temperatures during the critical freezing period of winter. Numerical modelling allows obtaining more control outputs at different climatic loads. The presented paper shows the load of railway track model with different variants of climate and shows the importance in the designing of the non-transport load under negative temperatures, i.e. observation of transition of the zero isotherm through the layers of railway subgrade. If the subgrade layers of the railway formation are built with high quality and durability then the axis of the track will keep its geometric spatial position during the long-time operation.

scholarly journals HEATING AND QUENCHING PROCEDURE ON THE MAKING OF TRADITIONAL BLACKSMITH STEEL WITH HIGH QUALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Artoto Arkundato ◽  
Misto Misto ◽  
Hadi Paramu ◽  
Gaguk Jatisukamto ◽  
Iwan Sugihartono
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Heat Temperature ◽  
Long Time

Blacksmith is a people's business that has been going on for a long time in Indonesia. Based on the experience that has been obtained from time to time and hereditary, the blacksmith industry has been done by the community to meet the needs of agricultural and household utensils. However, observe to this people's business, now it decreases with various causal factors, such as the ease of imported goods on the market with lower prices. Many creative efforts need to be carried out so that these people's businesses remain and increasingly develop, among others by improving the quality of the process of a blacksmith so that their products are quite competitive. This article describes the results of the research in the laboratory regarding the physical processes of heating and quenching under blacksmith, which the results have been applied to community service activities at the Suger Kidul villages in Jember Regency. The study aimed to find the most appropriate procedure for steel tool manufacturing processes so that the blacksmith products have high quality as high hardness. The physical process for blacksmith process is heating and quenching. This study analyzes the proper heat (temperature), proper processing time, and proper media for heating and quenching to produce good harness quality of the product.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THERMAL REGIME OF RAILWAY TRACK - STRUCTURE WITH THERMAL INSULATION (STYRODUR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 525-538
Author(s):  
Libor Ižvolt ◽  
Peter Dobeš ◽  
Michaela Holešová ◽  
Deividas Navikas
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Track Structure ◽  
Insulation Layer ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

This paper presents the results of numerical modelling of the influence of various factors (geometrical layout of the structural layers of the railway track, climatic factors and ballast fouling) on the freezing of railway track structure with a built-in thermal insulation layer of extruded polystyrene (Styrodur). At the same time, the suitability and expediency of incorporating the thermal insulation layer at the sub-ballast upper surface level (i.e. below the rail ballast construction layer), or at the level of subgrade surface are discussed. Numerical modelling results in the main factors that should be taken into account in the dimensioning of the sub-ballast layers with a built-in thermal insulation layer. Based on the data on the depth of freezing of the railway track structure obtained from numerical modelling, a design nomogram for dimensioning was created and subsequently the influence of the changes of climatic characteristics on the freezing of the railway track structure was then mathematically expressed.

Formation of High Quality β-FeSi2 by Pre-Amorphization-Enhanced Diffusion

2003 ◽  
Vol 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Murakami ◽  
A. Kenjo ◽  
T. Sadoh ◽  
T. Yoshitake ◽  
M. Miyao
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTEffects of Ar+ ion irradiation on solid-phase growth of β-FeSi2 have been investigated. Si substrates were amorphized with Ar+ ions (20 keV) before Fe (15 nm) deposition to form Fe(15 nm)/a-Si/c-Si stacked structures. As a reference, Fe/c-Si stacked structures were prepared. In the initial stage of annealing at 800 °C, β-FeSi2 formation was enhanced for pre-amorphized samples, which was due to the enhanced diffusion of silicidation species. In the long time annealing, β-FeSi2 formation proceeded by thermal equilibrium diffusion, and the formation rate was not affected by pre-amorphization. Crystal quality of β-FeSi2 was improved by pre-amorphization. The pre-amorphization enhanced diffusion is useful for formation of high quality β-FeSi2 thin films.

scholarly journals Propuesta de igualdad de género en Educación Física: adaptaciones de las normas en fútbol (A gender equality proposal in Physical Education: adaptations of football rules)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
Laura Rodríguez Rodríguez ◽  
Emilio Miraflores Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Teaching Activity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Students Attitudes

La desigualdad de género es un problema aún existente en nuestra sociedad. Aunque va evolucionando, positivamente, en el ámbito de la actividad física y el deporte, es evidente el largo camino que aún queda por recorrer para conseguir una igualdad real entre géneros. La Educación Física escolar es un medio desde el que se puede intervenir para intentar acabar con el problema, o en su caso, mitigarlo. El artículo muestra una propuesta de innovación, cuyo objetivo es vencer las desigualdades de género y sus estereotipos, como herencia histórica en nuestra sociedad. Para ello, se plantean unas propuestas de adaptación de las normas y reglas del fútbol, para su trabajo en las clases de Educación Física con alumnado de 2º curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). La consecución de los objetivos previstos necesita de una alta calidad en la labor docente, como modelo, como medio promotor y corrector de las actitudes del alumnado, además de la transmisión de valores sobre igualdad.Abstract. Gender inequality exists and still is an issue even in today’s society. Though it has improved over the years, there is still a long way to go to achieve a real equality between both sexes in the field of physical activity and sports. Physical Education is a way from where we can intervene and try to eradicate this problem, or mitigate it. This article shows a proposal for innovation, whose goal is to eliminate gender inequalities and their associated stereotypes, stem from a long time in our society. To achieve that, this article presents several proposals of adaptations of different football rules, to be applied in Physical Education classes with 2nd Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) year students. The achievement of the expected goals needs a high quality of the teaching activity, teachers being role models, promoting and correcting students’ attitudes, as well as transmitting values of gender equality.

scholarly journals Research of technological properties of bread made with the addition of beet kvass

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (96) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
H. Karpyk ◽  
M. Kukhtyn ◽  
V. Selskyi ◽  
I. Nazarko ◽  
O. Pokotylo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Bread Production

The issue of healthy eating has always been relevant, especially this problem has been exacerbated by the rapid development of food technology and the production of a significant number of semi-finished products. As a result, there is a need to develop new types of food, including unleavened and low-calorie bread, bakery products enriched with vitamins, minerals, plant supplements. The aim of the work was to substantiate the technology of bread production with the use of beet kvass and to investigate the physico-chemical quality indicators of experimental samples of finished products. Technological indicators that characterize the quality of bread: moisture, porosity, crumbliness, acidity were determined by generally accepted methods. Bread made with beet kvass has been found to have well-developed crumb porosity, does not crumble for a long time, hardens slowly, and is resistant to microbiological spoilage. The crumb is not deformed and elastic when pressed. Replacing part of the water during the kneading of wheat dough with beet kvass (50 % by weight of flour) makes it possible to intensify the maturation of semi-finished products, both in traditional and accelerated technologies, to create a more complete nutrient medium for yeast activation, to obtain high quality bakery products storage. It has also been found that during the storage of bread, the hydrophilic properties of the crumb, its crumbliness changes slightly. The drying process is most intense during the first day, then slows down.

scholarly journals Challenges in the Production of High-Quality Seed Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the Tropics and Subtropics

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Beata Wasilewska-Nascimento ◽  
Dominika Boguszewska-Mańkowska ◽  
Krystyna Zarzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Industry ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
The Tropics

The potato has been a widely used vegetable crop in temperate countries for a long time. Its consumption and the area of its cultivation has increased significantly over the past decades in the tropics and subtropics as well. The main problems of potato producers in the tropics and subtropics are the unsatisfactory quality of seed potatoes, mainly derived from the informal seed supply system, and the insufficient availability and high cost of certified seed potatoes. The hope for improving this situation can be the application of soil-less technologies for minituber production under controlled conditions. This publication focuses on important advantages of the aeroponic system in the production of pre-basic seed potatoes in the tropics and subtropics. It also highlights some deficiencies that can be overcome with the involvement of several actors in the potato industry, including local universities and the private sector. It emphasizes that innovative aeroponic installations are an opportunity to increase the production of high-quality seed potatoes in the countries of the tropics and subtropics, which, in many cases, will result in less dependence on expensive imported seed potatoes, often from a different climate zone. The introduction of aeroponic installations conserves the shrinking natural soil and water resources and contributes to their protection.

Methods for Ensuring High Quality of Coding of Cause of Death

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Startsev ◽  
P. Dimov ◽  
B. Grosche ◽  
F. Tretyakov ◽  
J. Schüz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Automatic Coding ◽  
The Impact

Summary Background: To follow up populations exposed to several radiation accidents in the Southern Urals, a cause-of-death registry was established at the Urals Center capturing deaths in the Chelyabinsk, Kurgan and Sverdlovsk region since 1950. Objectives: When registering deaths over such a long time period, quality measures need to be in place to maintain quality and reduce the impact of individual coders as well as quality changes in death certificates. Methods: To ensure the uniformity of coding, a method for semi-automatic coding was developed, which is described here. Briefly, the method is based on a dynamic thesaurus, database-supported coding and parallel coding by two different individuals. Results: A comparison of the proposed method for organizing the coding process with the common procedure of coding showed good agreement, with, at the end of the coding process, 70 – 90% agreement for the three-digit ICD -9 rubrics. Conclusions: The semi-automatic method ensures a sufficiently high quality of coding by at the same time providing an opportunity to reduce the labor intensity inherent in the creation of large-volume cause-of-death registries.

scholarly journals The Development of Isolated and Underdeveloped Silalahi II Village to be A Developed Village in The Aspect of Agriculture and Tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Marheni Sembiring ◽  
Kasmir Tandjung
Keyword(s):  
Local People ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Main Road ◽  
Implementation Team ◽  
Alternative Tourism ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Higher Institutions ◽  
The Village

Silalahi II Village is located at the end of Silahisabungan Sub-district which borders with Toba Samosir Regency. As the main road access to other villages is blocked because of landslide and erosion in many places, the village becomes isolated and underdeveloped. The only possible access to the village is through water by using boats or canoes. Difficult access to the village increases burden that have to be borne by local people; thus, they cannot rise from prolonged poverty to the present. To develop this village, assistance from higher institutions which collaborate synergistically in one series of PPM activities would be required. Based on the priority of the problem, the implementation team of PPM would focus on opening and improving 11 km road access that was blocked for a long time in the village. The work was performed using excavator and bulldozer. In addition, a training which aimed to increase income of the farmers in the village was also conducted by the PPM team. High quality of red onion seeds which was expected to be one of the village’s mainstay products were introduced to the farmers in the training. The village would also be promoted as an alternative tourism village because of its potential of natural beauty. Finally, this village is expected to be established as an assisted village partnered with University of Sumatera Utara (USU) to be the icon and the major driver of the village’s development, and one of the science-techno and tourism park models.

scholarly journals Integrated biobanks facilitate high-quality collection and analysis of liquid biomaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Winter ◽  
Christian Schäfer ◽  
Steven Westphal ◽  
Christin Böttcher ◽  
Sophia Lamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Entry ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Preanalytical Phase ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Freezing Period ◽  
And Storage

Abstract The collection and storage of biomaterials is essential for medical research. The aim of biobanking is the safe extension of the preanalytical phase. However, not all quality aspects are clearly defined nor accepted by the whole biobanking community. Samples for large or complex trials have to be collected and stored according to well-defined, rapid and reliable processes. In a comparable manner, also the post-storage phase needs well-defined, rapid and reliable processes which have to be implemented in order to guarantee high-quality samples as an inevitable basis for accurate analytical results. The time span between the sample removal from the biobank and analysis seems not to be in the focus of a biobank especially when it is run independently of a laboratory. Sample analysis represents the core responsibility of laboratories. But the quality of samples can be impaired by all process steps in the preanalytical phase, including preparation for analysis after the freezing period. Biobanks may contribute to high-quality standards in the retrieval and handling of samples before storage. They can offer electronic tools for data entry in parallel to sampling allowing a tight control and documentation of the preanalytical phase directly in the laboratory information system. In case of a biobank independent of the laboratory, which performs the measurements, the biobank’s responsibility ends with the transport. A closer link between the two institutions, however, could significantly improve sample quality and laboratory results. Integrated biobanking combines long-term sample storage with optimized laboratory processes, thus facilitating high-quality analytical results.

Influence of technology parameters of free-cutting steel continuous casting on the billet internal structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
A. T. Kunakbaeva ◽  
A. M. Stolyarov ◽  
M. V. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Cutting Steel ◽  
Continuously Cast

Free-cutting steel gains specific working properties thanks to the high content of sulfur and phosphorus. These elements, especially sulfur, have a rather high tendency to segregation. Therefore, segregation defects in free-cutting steel continuously cast billets can be significantly developed. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the chemical composition of freecutting steel and casting technological parameters on the quality of the macrostructure of continuously cast billets. A metallographic assessment of the internal structure of cast metal made of free-cutting steel and data processing by application of correlation and regression analysis were the research methods. The array of production data of 43 heats of free-cutting steel of grade A12 was studied. Steel casting on a five-strand radial type continuous casting machine was carried out by various methods of metal pouring from tundish into the molds. Metal of 19 heats was poured with an open stream, and 24 heats – by a closed stream through submerged nozzles with a vertical hole. High-quality billets had a cross-sectional size of 150×150 mm. The macrostructure of high-quality square billets made of free-cutting steel of A12 grade is characterized by the presence of central porosity, axial segregation and peripheral point contamination, the degree of development of which was in the range from 1.5 to 2.0 points, segregation cracks and strips – about 1.0 points. In the course of casting with an open stream, almost all of these defects are more developed comparing with the casting by a closed stream. As a result of correlation and regression analysis, linear dependences of the development degree of segregation cracks and strips both axial and angular on the sulfur content in steel and on the ratio of manganese content to sulfur content were established. The degree of these defects development increases with growing of sulfur content in steel of A12 grade. These defects had especially strong development when sulfur content in steel was of more than 0.10%. To improve the quality of cast metal, it is necessary to have the ratio of the manganese content to the sulfur content in the metal more than eight.

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