Transborder Disasters and Vulnerability: The Case of the 2010 Earthquake in Haiti

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Tess Kulstad-González
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Border Town ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Alternative Configuration

This paper examines how disasters unfold in transborder contexts. Using ethnographic research collected in the Haitian-Dominican border town of Comendador, Elías Piña after the 2010 earthquake, this paper reveals how transborder social relations distribute disaster damage beyond the bounded and static frameworks that characterized post-disaster discourse. It also exposes the limitations of utilizing geopolitical boundaries to frame hazards and disasters. The concept of disaster fields is proposed as an alternative configuration that considers interconnections between direct impact areas and distant locations.

Situating Hobby Drone Practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Low Profile

Abstract Consumer drones are entering everyday spaces with increasing frequency and impact as more and more hobbyists use the aerial tool for recreational photography and videography. In this article, I seek to expand the common reference to drones as “unmanned aircraft systems” by conceptualising the hobby drone practice more broadly as a heterogeneous, mobile assemblage of virtual and physical practices and human and non-human actors. Drawing on initial ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with drone hobbyists as well as ongoing cyber-ethnographic research on social networking sites, this article gives an overview of how the mobile drone practice needs to be situated alongside people, things, and data in physical and virtual spheres. As drone hobbyists set out to fly their devices at a given time and place, a number of relations reaching across atmospheric (e. g. weather conditions, daylight hours, GPS availability), geographic (e. g. volumetric obstacles), mobile (e. g. flight restrictions, ground traffic), and social (e. g. bystanders) dimensions demand attention. Furthermore, when drone operators share their aerial images online, visual (e. g. live stream) and cyber-social relations (e. g. comments, scrutiny) come into play, which may similarly impact the drone practice in terms of the pilot’s performance. While drone hobbysists appear to be interested in keeping a “low profile” in the physical space, many pilots manage a comparatively “high profile” in the virtual sphere with respect to the sharing of their images. Since the recreational trend brings together elements of convergence, location-awareness, and real-time feedback, I suggest approaching consumer drones as, what Scott McQuire (2016) terms, “geomedia.” Moreover, consumer drones open up different “cybermobilities” (Adey/Bevan 2006) understood as connected movement that flows through and shapes both physical and virtual spaces simultaneously. The way that many drone hobbyists appear to navigate these different environments, sometimes at the same time, has methodological implications for ethnographic research on consumer drones. Ultimately, the assemblage-perspective brings together aviation-related and socio-cultural concerns relevant in the context of consumer drones as digital communication technology and visual production tool.

scholarly journals A Framework of Resilience Development for Poor Villages after the Wenchuan Earthquake Based on the Principle of “Build Back Better”

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Fanneng He ◽  
Caishan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Post Disaster

Under the current resilience development framework, which is mainly based on urban communities, it is difficult to meet the needs of the vulnerable populations in poor villages. This article aims to explore a specific and operable guidance framework suitable for the resilient development of Chinese poor villages after disasters from the perspective of social equity. The framework will help guide the sustainable development of poor villages after disasters and also provide a reference for the resilience of other similar vulnerable areas. When integrating climate change response and disaster risk management to explore sustainable development in poor villages, the essence is to explore the resilience development framework focused on the construction of resilient communities in poor villages. We take the recovery and reconstruction of poor villages after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 as an example. Through the analysis of the effects of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, we found that although poor communities have made significant achievements since the earthquake, there are still many aspects that need to be improved, including social life systems, economic production systems, and natural ecosystems. Therefore, we comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of poor socio-economic conditions, the complex ecological environment, and the low cultural level of residents in poor villages. Furthermore, this study followed the principle of “Build back better” (BBB) and conducted an in-depth study of the framework for the resilience of poor villages. In terms of risk reduction, it is recommended to improve structural resilience from guarantee of preferential prices and selection of environmentally friendly materials, avoid risk and villagers’ participation in the formulation of general plans, and promote disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities from risk prediction and curriculum development. In terms of community recovery, it is suggested to promote community economics and victims’ livelihoods by promoting industrial transformation and sustainable livelihoods and promote social and psychological health development from social relations and psychological rehabilitation. In terms of efficient implementation, specific improvements include the improvement of public participation systems and the establishment of coordination offices and sound institutional mechanisms, the development of community standards and the introduction of financial support policies, the improvement of laws and regulations, and the improvement of monitoring and evaluation from dynamic monitoring and mass satisfaction surveys. It is important to guide the sustainable development of vulnerable communities by constructing a post-disaster resistant development framework based on BBB principles.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PANCASILA PERSPEKTIF ISLAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Husnul Khotimah
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right ◽  
Social Dependence ◽  
Islamic View ◽  
Open Concept

Regarding Pancasila Values ​​in the Islamic View, the first and second precepts constitute the Metaphysical Fundation, the third and fourth precepts constitute the Instrumental Fundation, and the fifth precepts constitute justice. Therefore we must do: mahasabah (evaluation), murakabah (guarding / supervising), and muhawalah (getting around) Islam as a religion that upholds egalitarianism, which is an open concept of solidarity and social dependence (ta`awun). Islam recognizes the right of all humans to live properly in terms of health, clothing, food, housing and social efforts that are needed regardless of differences in background. Islam also emphasizes the right of everyone to social security at the time of unemployment, illness, disability, widow / widower, elderly or disadvantaged. This standard of living is only possible in a healthy social order, where individuals with individuals, individuals with groups, and groups with groups maintain strong social relations. This has become the spirit of Islam in being responsible and sacrificing one another in order to create a community that shares, helps and helps each other. The piety of the faithful as slaves to Allah (‘abd Allah) boils down to a direct impact on piety in social-horizontal relations. These two aspects characterize the balance of Islamic teachings. Therefore, what should be our thoughts together is that the values ​​of Pancasila are substantially not in conflict with or even in accordance with Islam.

scholarly journals Ethnic Unrest and Its Determinants in Terms of the Irkutsk Society of the Pre-Soviet Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Sysoev
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Siberian Population ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Soviet Time ◽  
The Russian Empire

Specific criminal associations formed along ethnic lines on the territory of the Irkutsk Province had a direct impact on aggravation of social relations between various ethnic groups of the Siberian population. The article examines the features of implementing the corrective policy of autocracy in the context of development of the Eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire. On the basis of previously unpublished archival sources, the article reconstructs the events that accompanied the movement of criminals and socially unstable people from the territories of the North Caucasus to the Irkutsk Province and their further integration into the Siberian society. It contains a comprehensive analysis of the ethnic crime causes in Siberia, and the consequences of its manifestation in major administrative centers of the region.

Prisoner Society in an Era of Psychoactive Substances, Organized Crime, New Drug Markets and Austerity

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1260-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Gooch ◽  
James Treadwell
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Performance ◽  
Hard Drugs ◽  
Drug Economy

Abstract Framed by the limited and now dated ethnographic research on the prison drug economy, this article offers new theoretical and empirical insights into how drugs challenge the social order in prisons in England and Wales. It draws on significant original and rigorous ethnographic research to argue that the ‘era of hard drugs’ has been superseded by an ‘era of new psychoactive drugs’, redefining social relations, transforming the prison illicit economy, producing new forms of prison victimization and generating far greater economic power and status for suppliers. These changes represent the complex interplay and compounding effects of broader shifts in political economy, technological advances, organized crime, prison governance and the declining legitimacy and moral performance of English and Welsh prisons.

Of Morals and Markets: Social Exchange and Poverty in Contemporary Urban Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 689 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes González de la Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Family

Based on longitudinal ethnographic research in Guadalajara, Mexico, from the 1980s to present, I argue that there has been a significant change in the availability of mutual help or support networks for the economically disadvantaged. As time and income have become increasingly scarce, people who used to find support in reciprocal social relationships now find that support-givers are in no position to provide assistance for free. Now, people experiencing scarcity find that they must pay for help formerly available through social relations. In other words, care within the family, in contexts of urban poverty, is becoming a commodity. A paradox arises for those who have fewer resources: they are excluded by the market economy, and by resorting to mercantilist values to survive, they are violating moral principles and norms that exclude them even more from social exchange.

Spelen tussen de linies

KWALON ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom de Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Youth Group ◽  
Local Politicians ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods ◽  
Local Safety

Playing between the lines. A strategy for ethnographic research into safety Playing between the lines. A strategy for ethnographic research into safety Research questions influence the position of the ethnographer in relation to the field and its actors. The ethnographic strategy of a detailed study of a specific tribe, youth group, police department or subculture sets an example for field work. However, to study the dynamics between local politicians, residents and professionals, a more dynamic research strategy is needed. Based on a comparative study of local safety in two disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Rotterdam and Antwerp, this article examines the potential of a dynamic position of the researcher between different actors instead of a more static position close by a specific actor (group). To study interaction in the field is to become part of this interaction and use reactions on one’s presence in the field as data. The author concludes that this dynamic position is a useful research strategy to collect data about social relations, social constructions of meaning and power relations in the context of safety.

scholarly journals An Investigation on Post-Disaster Housing Resident Satisfaction in Subaşı After the Marmara Earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
ALPER BODUR
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Marmara Earthquake ◽  
Post Disaster

Turkey is a nation experiencing disasters, particularly earthquakes, owing to its location. Accidents cause environmental destruction as much as economically. One of the significant bodily damages is that the residences become damaged. Accordingly, the need for housing is indispensable after a collision. To deal with the problem, permanent houses, post-disaster housing, in other words, are produced in numerous regions to afford service for households. Post-disaster housing is essential to helpless families so that all will be capable of returning a fitter living situation ere the disaster. Nevertheless, as permanent housing is made by building it very fast, it is imperative that the living standard of permanent residence is agreeable with the earlier practice of the users. In that way, post-use evaluations of permanent housing, uniquely constructed after the devastating result of a disaster, are becoming critical to following applications to be more prosperous. In this sense, permanent residences in Subaşı Village, Yalova Province in Turkey have been studied within the context of post-earthquake transformation applications on 17 August 1999. In the research, the planning of the houses built in Subaşı Village, the overall evaluations about the design, the principles of entitlement, the planning method of the permanent houses, the demographic features of the shareholders were evaluated. As an outcome of the research, it was observed that the permanent residential areas in Subaşı village could not unite with the existing city. Among the socialization processes of families with various features, it was regarded that distinct qualities of contribution were made to living spaces. Neighborhood relationships and concern for free spaces and ownership organizations influence social relations together. Personal solutions to designs and absence of ownership regulation in public areas further block the formation of administrative units in permanent residential zones. Hence, interspersed life in the areas of current housing does not emerge. The situation has led to the result that in the process of combination of permanent residential spaces with existing urban areas, social facilities and non-residential uses, business and shopping centers, mosque and sports halls should be raised within a wider frame.

scholarly journals The Transformation of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Dance through State Education and Politics in the Ritual of a Rural Greek Community

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Giorgos K. Fountzoulas ◽  
Maria I. Koutsouba ◽  
Anastasios Hapsoulas ◽  
Vasilios Lantzos
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Thick Description ◽  
The People ◽  
State Education ◽  
Embodied Practice

Abstract In many cases, dance, as an embodied practice reflects habits, views, relations and juxtaposition and thus constitutes a “vessel” of meanings, is used by the ruling class as a means of enforcement or manipulation, whereas by the people, as a means to resist or express opposition to the policies of the respective ruling class. In such cases, dance stands as a symbol that carries values and meanings, embodies cultural classifications, reflects social relations and diversifications, and defines integration and exclusion. Dance, as “an inalienable structural component” of the “Gaitanaki” ritual in a community of Central Greece, i.e. Skala in the Nafpaktia province, is one of such cases. Thus, the aim of this paper is to study the transformation of dance during the “Gaitanaki” ritual as a result of the manipulation by the ruling class through the Greek formal education in the 20th century. More specifically, the paper investigates the way in which the respective ruling class influenced, manipulated and guided the dance during the ritual and how this contributed to the transformation of its dancing form from the middle of the 20th century until now. For this purpose, ethnographic research was carried out as it applies to the dance research. Data analysis was based on “thick description”, whereas its interpretation on Wright’s (2004) notion of political and politicised culture as this derives from Bourdieu’s (1990) “habitus”. It is proved that national cultural policy promoted through formal education transformed aspects of dance during the ritual as well as its symbolism.

scholarly journals Pasar Tradsional Busalangga Sebagai Representasi Kebertahanan Ekonomi Lokal Masyarakat Rote Ndao, Nusa

HUMANIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Zaith Hatta Dani ◽  
A.A Ayu Murniasih ◽  
Aliffiati .
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
North West ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Market

Traditional markets are generally muddy, dirty, and physical conditions are the same, like traditional markets on Rote Ndao island, there are 24 traditional markets. The Busalangga traditional market is located in North West Rote and is open on Wednesday and Saturday. Busalangga traditional market is the center of the economy in Rote Ndao. The Busalangga traditional market is not only the center of economic activity, but also describes the social relations of the Rote Ndao community. With this the formulation of the problem in this study is (a) how is the local economy of the Rote Ndao community in the Busalangga traditional market (b) why is the Busalangga traditional market as a representation of the survival of the local economy. The theory used in this research is Serge Moscovici representation theory and network theory from Van Zanden which examines the depiction of the local economy and the network in the Busalangga traditional market. The concept used by researchers in this study is representation, survival, local economy, traditional market, and the community of Rote Ndao. This research is an ethnographic research with a qualitative approach accompanied by data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results of this study show that the traditional market of Busalangga can meet the needs of society both economically, socially and culturally. The traditional market of Busalangga is the place for the local economy to be formed from a network. The Busalangga traditional market can survive through its local economic role in forming these networks, so that they can be consumed by the Rote Ndao people. Because of that, the local economy in the Busalangga traditional market can survive and exist in the Rote Ndao community.

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