scholarly journals Effect of the addition of synthetic fuel on the selected physico-chemical properties of the fuel for the diesel engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
Anna SKARBEK-ŻABKIN
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Synthetic Fuel ◽  
Physico Chemical

Plastics present a major threat to todays society and environment. Though mankind has awoken to this threat and responded with developments in creating degradable bio plastics, there is still no conclusive effort done to repair the damage already caused. In this regard, the catalytic depolymerization studied here presents an efficient, clean and very effective means of removing the debris that we have left behind over the last several decades. By converting plastics to fuel, we solve two issues, one of the large plastic seas, and the other of the fuel shortage. This dual benefit, though will exist only as long as the waste plastics last, but will surely provide a strong platform for us to build on a sustainable, clean and green future. The paper presents results of density, viscosity, cetane number, ignition temperature of 100% synthetic fuel and this fuels mixture with the diesel oil. The quality of the fuel-air mixture formation is best characterized by the SMD parameter – Sauters average diameter of spray drops, and its value in analytical studies depends on the physical parameters of the fuel (density, viscosity, surface tension). The results of laboratory tests will be developed in terms of the use of the measured parameters of a synthetic fuel mixture to calculate SMD values and to correct analytical equations taking into account the actual SMD values measured by laser diffraction laboratory tests.

scholarly journals Use of Water-Fuel Mixture in Diesel Engines at Fishing Vessels

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Oleg Klyus ◽  
O. Bezyukov
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Rapeseed Oil Methyl Esters

Abstract The paper presents the laboratory test results determining physical parameters of fuel mixture made up of petroleum diesel oil, rapeseed oil methyl esters (up to 20%) and water (up to 2.5%). The obtained parameters prove that adding bio-components (rapeseed oil methyl esters) and water to fuel does not result in deterioration of their physical and chemical properties and are comparable to base fuel parameters, namely petroleum diesel oil. The mixture was a subject of bench testing with the use of a self-ignition engine by means of pre-catalytic fuel treatment. The treatment process consisted in fuel - catalytically active material direct contact on the atomizer body. At the comparable operational parameters for the engine, the obtained exhaust gases opacity was lower up to 60% due to the preliminary fuel mixture treatment in relation to the factory-made fuel injection system using petroleum diesel oil.

scholarly journals Response of Avena sativa L. and the soil microbiota to the contamination of soil with Shell diesel oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borowik Agata ◽  
Wyszkowska Jadwiga
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Organotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Nutritional Needs

This study analysed the changes in the development of Avena sativa L. cultivated on soil contaminated with diesel oil (DO; 0, 7, 14 and 21 mL/kg of soil dry matter), and in the microbiological, biochemical, chemical and physico-chemical properties of the soil. In addition to basic fertilisation fulfilling the nutritional needs of the oat plant, finely ground barley straw and finely ground charcoal was also applied. The study revealed a highly toxic effect of DO on the growth and development of Avena sativa L. The uptake of macro- and micronutrients by the tested plant decreased significantly. The active bacteria were identified based on the analysis of 16S rRNA coding sequences. In objects contaminated with DO, a more rapid development of organotrophic bacteria, actinomyces and fungi was observed, as well as higher activity of dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase. In the soils contaminated with DO, more C<sub>org</sub> and available and exchangeable potassium were found than in the non-contaminated soils. DO did not have such a significant effect on the contents of other elements in the soil. The use of charcoal and straw stimulated both the development of microorganisms and the activity of soil enzymes, yet it did not mitigate the adverse effect of DO on the growth or development of the oat plant.

scholarly journals MICROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN INTENSIVE ECOLOGICAL VEGETABLE CROP ROTATION IN HIGH TUNNEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Piotr Siwek ◽  
Iwona Domagała-Świątkiewicz ◽  
Andrzej Kalisz ◽  
Piotr Bucki
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Butterhead Lettuce ◽  
The University

In 2014–2015 at the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Kraków, situated in Mydlniki near Kraków, Poland, experiments with intensive crop rotation in a high tunnel were conducted. The objectives concerned microclimatic zones in the tunnel and the yield and quality of butterhead lettuce (spring), cucumber (summer), and butterhead lettuce (autumn). Besides the properties of the soil in the high tunnel, a crucial role was played by microclimatic factors. The measurements showed variations in solar radiation, temperature and air humidity depending on the zone in the tunnel and the weather. Higher temperature in the centre of the tunnel was conducive to obtaining greater yields of spring lettuce and cucumber. In the spring and summer periods, the amounts of dry matter and total sugars in the edible parts of the cultivated vegetables were higher in the eastern and central zones of the tunnel. In the autumn, with less solar radiation, the amount of sugars in lettuce leaves was greater in the western zone. There was observable influence of the location in the tunnel from which samples were taken for analyses (zonal effect) on some physical parameters of the soil (bulk density, water capacity, and water-stability index).

scholarly journals Nutritional, Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of Vegetable Fibers to Develop Fiber-Based Gel Foods

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Noguerol ◽  
Marta Igual ◽  
M. Jesús Pagán-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Vegetable Fibers ◽  
Physico Chemical

The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional and physico-chemical properties of six different vegetable fibers and explore the possibility of using them as a thickener or gelling agent in food. To determine the technological, nutritional and physical parameters, the following analyses were carried out: water-holding capacity, water retention capacity, swelling, fat absorption capacity, solubility, particle size, moisture, hygroscopicity, pH, water activity, bulk density, porosity, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and mineral content. Gels were prepared at concentrations from 4% to 7% at 5 °C and analyzed at 25 °C before and after treatment at 65 °C for 20 min. A back extrusion test, texture profile analysis and rheology were performed and the pH value, water content and color were analyzed. As a result, all the samples generally showed significant differences in all the tested parameters. Hydration properties were different in all the tested samples, but the high values found for chia flour and citrus fiber are highlighted in functional terms. Moreover, chia flour was a source of minerals with high Fe, Mn and Cu contents. In gels, significant differences were found in the textural and rheological properties among the samples, and also due to the heat treatment used (65 °C, 20 min). As a result, chia flour, citrus, potato and pea fibers showed more appropriate characteristics for thickening. Moreover, potato fiber at high concentrations and both combinations of fibers (pea, cane sugar and bamboo fiber and bamboo, psyllium and citric fiber) were more suitable for gelling agents to be used in food products.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Properties of Binary Mixture of 2,3-Dichloroaniline and Carbon Tetrachloride at 300 K

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2386-2392
Author(s):  
Mahendra Kumar ◽  
Chandreshvar Prasad Yadav ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar Pandey ◽  
Dhananjay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Thermal Relaxation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Gibb’S Free Energy

The physico-chemical properties of binary mixture of 2,3-dichloroaniline (2,3-DCA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) have been studied in the present work by the measurement of density, viscosity, ultrasonic velocity and estimation of thermo-physical parameters at 300 K. The density, compressibility, free length, relative association and free volume were found to increase while viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, acoustic impedance and internal pressure were received to decay with an increase in mole fraction of solvent in the binary mixture. The thermal relaxation time and Gibb’s free energy were found to decay with a slow rate up to 50% mole fraction of the solvent, after that these quantities decay very fast in chosen binary mixture. The ultrasonic absorption was also found to increase slowly up to 50% mole fraction of solvent and after that a fast decay was observed in the present binary mixture. The molecular interaction, structural ordering, stability and related features of the prepared binary mixture were also analyzed based on measured and estimated parameters.

Research on the Correlation between Biodiesel's Composition and Physical & Chemical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Dong Bo Yang ◽  
Xing Kai Meng ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Jing Jing Tian
Keyword(s):  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Biodiesel's composition has a significant effect on biodiesel’s main physical and chemical properties. Through the test and analysis of the composition and the physical & chemical properties of 5 types of biodiesel, this paper uses linear regression model and least square method to conduct a research on the correlation between biodiesel's physical and chemical properties such as density, cold filter plugging point (CFPP), cetane number and kinematic viscosity, biodiesel's FAME content and the number of double bonds in its UFAME, and establishes correlation functions for relevant indexes, providing a theoretical basis for rapid test of biodiesel’s physico-chemical performance index.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical and Fatty Acids Composition of Crude Seed Oil Extract of Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. for its potential in Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
M.S Chomini ◽  
V.I Joshua ◽  
A.R John ◽  
M.P Ishaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Oil Extract

This study investigates the physico-chemical and fatty acids composition of crude seed oil extracts of Azadirachta indica . The main objective was to evaluate some biodiesel characteristics of the crude seed oil extract of Azadirachta indica. The procedures of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were used for assessment of some physical, biochemical, and fatty acids constituents of the test seed oil extract. The physical properties assayed for indicate that the oil is liquid at room temperature, non-drying, with specific gravity, with flash and melting points of 0.910±0.08 g/cm3, 80±2.10°C and 76±1.60°C respectively. The chemical properties included 66.77±2.55 g/100g (iodine value), 1.465±0.07 (refractive index@ 30°C), 212.96±1.16 mgKOH/g (saponification value), 0.39±0.16 meq/Kg (peroxide value), 4.24±0.12 mgKOH/g (acid value), 2.20±0.12 mm2/s (viscosity value), 56.91±2.19 (cetane number), 39.21±1.11 MJ/kg (calorific value) and 2.13±0.05% w/w (free fatty acids). Fatty acids composition of the crude seed oil of A. indica obtained were linoleic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic and alpha linolenic acids, with retention time and % composition of 18.2 min and 10.8±0.50%, 22.2 min and 30.01±1.79%, 18.2 min and 59.10±2.22%, and 20.2 min and 0.09±0.02% respectively. The crude seed oil extract clearly presents a potential as a biodiesel substrate for incorporation as a proximate blend in auto-engines. This therefore would necessitate intensive afforestation efforts of the plant species for sustainable utilization. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Biodiesel, physico-chemical, fatty acids, crude seed oil, extracts

The Effect of Synthesis Method on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Magnetite Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Hussein Mohd Zobir ◽  
Samuri Nor Suzariana ◽  
Shaari Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Co Precipitation

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation, hydrothermal and ultrasonic routes from Fe2+/Fe3+ions and NaOH. The average diameter for the sample prepared using co-precipitation, hydrothermal and ultrasonic method is 33, 9 and 30 nm, respectively with surface area of 85, 117 and 87 m2/g, respectively. Although the results showed all the magnetite nanoparticles were superparamagnetic, but their saturation magnetization and coercitivity are different, depending on the method of synthesis. This study shows that method of synthesis is important that influence the physico-chemical properties of the resulting magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Fuel Properties of Butanol – Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil Blends as a Diesel Extender Option for Internal Combustion Engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máté Zöldy
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

European legislation and new engine technologies require better quality in fuels, and the diesel scandal pushes engine and fuel developers to investigate new solutions. The decrease of fossil energy sources and the new, stricter emission regulations necessitate the discovery of renewable sources. Biofuels are an obvious solution to replace fossil fuels in a more environmentally conscious way. This study presents a new approach with the analytical investigation of butanol, hydrogenated vegetable oil, and diesel oil blends.In the presented phase of the research, our focus was on the most application- critical chemical properties of the fuels, to analyze if the three component blends are suitable for compression ignition engines. A wide-ranging chemical-analytical test plan was prepared with nearly 20 parameters measured of the chemical and physical parameters of blends, especially regarding flash point, cetane number, viscosity and cold filter plugging point (CFPP).The findings prove that from an engine-critical characteristics point of view butanol – hydrogenated vegetable oil – diesel blends are a potential solution, as HVO and butanol counterbalance its critical parameters.

Performance of a near Infrared Spectrometer Equipped with an Autosampling Accessory

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Nathalie Szydlowski-Zanier ◽  
Marc Berger ◽  
François Wahl ◽  
Denis Guillaume
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Near Infrared Spectrometer

The performance of a Fourier-transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer equipped with an autosampling accessory (AutoSamplIR) using disposable vials with uncontrolled pathlength has been compared with the performance of an FT-NIR equipped with a manual vial sampling accessory using a reusable cell with calibrated pathlength. The effect of different parameters such as the signal-to-noise ratio, the stability of the purge and the linearity of absorbance have been evaluated by means of the NIR predictions of two physico-chemical properties of interest for gasoils, i.e the wt% of hydrogen and the cetane number (CN). It has been shown that an FT-NIR with the autosampling accessory can be used advantageously at low cost for quick and precise analyses of small amounts of sample.

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