scholarly journals Clinical features of patients with COVID19, hospitalized in a multi-somatic hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Markelova ◽  
N. N. Vezikova ◽  
S. N. Kondrichina ◽  
O. Y. Barysheva
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Constant Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The prevalence of COVID-19 infection and the mortality associated with the disease are steadily progressing [1, 2]. The difficulties in diagnosing and treating COVID-19 in the context of a constant increase in the number of cases cause an urgent need to study and describe this infection, which is important for the medical and scientific community around the world. We performed an observational study of patients with COVID 19 infection, which developed during hospital treatment of another acute or exacerbation of chronic somatic pathology. We analyzed the clinical symptoms, the severity of the course of the new coronavirus infection and viral pneumonia.

A CLINICAL CASE OF COVID-19 IN A NEWBORN

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
E. N. Alferovich ◽  
◽  
I. A. Loginova ◽  
A. A. Ustinovich ◽  
E. A. Sarzhevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Infected Mother ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
One Year ◽  
System Today

The problem of coronavirus infection has captured the whole world. In one year, the views on the disease itself and its treatment have radically changed. Doctors all over the world cannot give definite answers to a number of questions regarding this virus and its impact on newborn babies. Low susceptibility to coronavirus in young children may be due to some peculiarities of the immune system. Today it is considered to be the main ways of transmission of the virus are airborne and contact. However, the airborne route of infection in newborns is unlikely, because from birth the child is isolated from the sick mother. The issue of the vertical transmission of the virus from an infected mother to a child is discussed. There is no evidence of transmission of coronavirus through breast milk. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection in children is established with a positive epidemiological history and with 2 clinical symptoms with laboratory confirmation. The article presents a single clinical case of coronavirus infection in a newborn. The possible ways of infection of the newborn, the clinical picture, the possibility of joint stay of the mother and the child, breastfeeding, and treatment of the newborn are discussed.

scholarly journals Immunopathological Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Critical and Non-critical Pneumonia Patients: A Systematic Review to Determine the Cause of Co-infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Samadder
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The World

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic originating from Wuhan, China is causing major fatalities across the world. Viral pneumonia is commonly observed in COVID-19 pandemic. The number of deaths caused by viral pneumonia is mainly due to secondary bacterial or fungal infection. The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 viral pneumonia is poorly understood with reference to human clinical data collected from patients infected by virus and secondary bacterial or fungal infection occurring simultaneously. The co-infection inside the lungs caused by pneumonia has direct impact on the changing lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. Understanding the attribution of these two immunological cells triggered by cytokines level change is of great importance to identify the progression of pneumonia from non-severe to severe state in hospitalized patients. This review elaborates the cytokines imbalance observed in SARS-CoV-1 (2003 epidemic), SARS-CoV-2 (2019 pandemic) viral pneumonia and community acquired pneumonia (CAP), respectively, in patients to determine the potential reason of co-infection. In this review the epidemiology, virology, clinical symptoms, and immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia are narrated. The immune activation during SARS-CoV-1 pneumonia, bacterial, and fungal pneumonia is discussed. Here it is further analyzed with the available literatures to predict the potential internal medicines, prognosis and monitoring suggesting better treatment strategy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients.

scholarly journals Differential Diagnosis of Lungs Lesions in a New Coronavirus Infection COVID-19 and Diseases of Non-Viral Etiology on the Clinical Cases by Computed Tomography Scans in Outpatient CT Centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5S) ◽  
pp. 395-405
Author(s):  
Mikhail N. Lobanov ◽  
Oleg Y. Bronov ◽  
Yuliya A. Abovich ◽  
Nataliya V. Ledikhova ◽  
Elena V. Turavilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Radiological Data ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Clinical Cases

New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) viral pneumonia diagnosed by a complex assessment of the epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, radiological and laboratory tests. Radiologists often play a leading role in diagnosis of viral pneumonia, since they may encounter suspicious changes according to radiological studies before clinicians. However, in a number of diseases, including diseases of non-infectious non-viral etiology with a corresponding similar clinical symptoms, it may be difficult to correctly assess the changes detected by computed tomography. This study uses clinical cases to show the main differential diagnostic criteria for COVID-19 viral pneumonia and non-infectious lesions such as pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, acute hypersensitive pneumonitis, drug-induced pneumonitis, non-specific interstitial pneumonia, and adenocarcinoma. All patients were hospitalized based on the results of computed tomography, where a diagnosis of non-infectious non-viral lung injuries was established based on morphological and/or typical clinical symptoms, laboratory or radiological data. We examined clinical cases with radiological signs similar to viral pneumonia, such as areas of ground glass opacities with the presence or absence of areas of consolidation, as well as thickening of the lung interstitium with decreased lung attenuation (crazy paving symptom). In a difficult epidemiological situation, it is important for a radiologist to suspect the above-mentioned pathological conditions in patients who are urgently admitted to outpatient CT centers.

scholarly journals Clinical Applicable AI System Based on Deep Learning Algorithm for Differentiation of Pulmonary Infectious Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-han Zhang ◽  
Xiao-fei Hu ◽  
Jie-chao Ma ◽  
Xian-qi Wang ◽  
Hao-ran Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Clinical Feature

Objective: To assess the performance of a novel deep learning (DL)-based artificial intelligence (AI) system in classifying computed tomography (CT) scans of pneumonia patients into different groups, as well as to present an effective clinically relevant machine learning (ML) system based on medical image identification and clinical feature interpretation to assist radiologists in triage and diagnosis.Methods: The 3,463 CT images of pneumonia used in this multi-center retrospective study were divided into four categories: bacterial pneumonia (n = 507), fungal pneumonia (n = 126), common viral pneumonia (n = 777), and COVID-19 (n = 2,053). We used DL methods based on images to distinguish pulmonary infections. A machine learning (ML) model for risk interpretation was developed using key imaging (learned from the DL methods) and clinical features. The algorithms were evaluated using the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs).Results: The median AUC of DL models for differentiating pulmonary infection was 99.5% (COVID-19), 98.6% (viral pneumonia), 98.4% (bacterial pneumonia), 99.1% (fungal pneumonia), respectively. By combining chest CT results and clinical symptoms, the ML model performed well, with an AUC of 99.7% for SARS-CoV-2, 99.4% for common virus, 98.9% for bacteria, and 99.6% for fungus. Regarding clinical features interpreting, the model revealed distinctive CT characteristics associated with specific pneumonia: in COVID-19, ground-glass opacity (GGO) [92.5%; odds ratio (OR), 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71–1.86]; larger lesions in the right upper lung (75.0%; OR, 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03–1.25) with viral pneumonia; older age (57.0 years ± 14.2, OR, 1.84; 95% CI: 1.73–1.99) with bacterial pneumonia; and consolidation (95.8%, OR, 1.29; 95% CI: 1.05–1.40) with fungal pneumonia.Conclusion: For classifying common types of pneumonia and assessing the influential factors for triage, our AI system has shown promising results. Our ultimate goal is to assist clinicians in making quick and accurate diagnoses, resulting in the potential for early therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Corticosteroid Therapy of Patients in ICU with Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19): A Single-center, Retrospective, Observational study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengshang Ruan ◽  
Ming Wei ◽  
Si Xuan ◽  
Aihua Qian ◽  
Lijun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intubation Rate ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Single Center Observational Study

Abstract Background In December 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)occurred in Wuhan, China. The disease is a rapidly spreading to the world. Corticosteroid therapy is used among critically ill patients with COVID-19, but value of corticosteroid therapy is uncertain. Objective To investigate the association of corticosteroid therapy on intubation rates. Methods This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study performed in ICU at Jin Yin-tan hospital, Wu Han, China. 102 patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU from 2019.12.31 to 2020.03.31 were selected as the research objects. The clinical data were collected to analyze the general characteristics, clinical symptoms, blood test and corticosteroid therapy. The intubation rate between corticosteroid therapy and non-corticosteroid therapy was compared. Results Baseline characteristics of patients between corticosteroid therapy and non-corticosteroid therapy were similar.(p > 0.05). We found that there was no significant difference of intubation rate between corticosteroid therapy and non-corticosteroid(P = 0.575), but there was a significant difference in noninvasive ventilation time between the two groups(P = 0.02). Conclusion Corticosteroid therapy cannot reduce intubation rate in ICU patients with COVID-19.

Measles (Morbilli) today: problems, statistics, and clinical manifestations in children and adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Inosine Pranobex ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
New Treatment

Doctors are currently observing an increase in the incidence of measles in Moscow and other cities in Russia and all over the world. Such an increase is primarily caused by parent's refusal to accept vaccination for their children. We have reviewed the main issues related to this acute infectious disease, analyzed the epidemiological situation in different countries (including Russia), and presented the main preventive measure, which is vaccination. In addition to that, some authors reported various types of exanthema, including measles-like, in patients with coronavirus infection, which is widespread now. The aim of this article is to draw the attention of practitioners to the typical initial and main clinical symptoms of measles, stages of rash, specific disease characteristics in patients of different ages, and complications. We have provided a rationale for a new treatment regimen for measles that includes a recombinant α-interferon (Viferon) and an immunomodulator with antiviral action (inosine pranobex; Groprinosin) Key words: measles, children, incidence, clinical forms, complications, treatment and prevention, inosine pranobex (Groprinosin)

Epidemic risks during endoscopic examinations in the conditions of a specialized COVID-19 hospital in the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Sergey Anatolievich Babanov ◽  
Mikhail Lvovich Shteiner ◽  
Yuriy Iskhakovich Biktagirov ◽  
Aleksandr Viktorovich Zhestkov ◽  
Leonid Aleksandrovich Strizhakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection has posed additional challenges for endoscopy services. Endoscopy departments face a high risk of spreading airborne respiratory diseases in their daily work. This is especially true for endoscopic departments and offices that perform bronchoscopic examinations. The world scientific community recognizes the highest epidemiological risk of personnel infection during any interventional manipulations and operations related to the respiratory system, including bronchoscopic interventions.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of animal species to experimental SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus) infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
N. V. Petrova ◽  
K. K. Ganina ◽  
S. A. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Susceptible Animal ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Due to the new coronavirus infection pandemic, the global scientific community has been forced to change the direction of the most research, focusing on vaccine development as well as the search for new antiviral drugs to treat COVID-19. The choice of experimental models, timeframe and approaches for evaluating drugs and vaccines under development is crucial for the development of effective measures to prevent and control this disease.The purpose of this review was to summarize the relevant data concerning the susceptibility of laboratory animals to SARS-CoV-2. This paper describes the most virus-susceptible animal species that can be used to reproduce coronavirus infection, stressing the main advantages and disadvantages of each of them.According to the latest data, small rodents (Rodentia) and non-human primates (Strepsirrhini) are commonly used in the scientific community to model coronavirus infection. The viral load in the upper and lower parts of the respiratory system, clinical symptoms of infection (weight loss, body temperature and general health status), pathomorphological picture in target organs and the production of antibodies after infection are considered to the main markers of pathology. Despite the vast amount of data, none of the described models of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be considered a gold standard, since they do not reproduce all spectrum of morphological and pathogenetic mechanisms of infection, and do not fully reflect the clinical picture observed in patients in human population.Based on the analyzed literature data, we suppose that Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and mice (Muridae) expressing the angiotensin converting enzyme receptor 2 (ACE2) are the most suitable animal species for their use in experiments with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The development of neutralizing antibodies makes it possible to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines, while the course and severity of symptoms infection makes the use of mice and hamsters especially popular for screening pharmacological substances with antiviral mechanism of action, when their administration can prevent or slow the disease progression.

scholarly journals Understanding the etiology of Arshas - An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Nikhil S ◽  
Geetha B. Markande ◽  
Prashanth Jain
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
The World

Lifestyle disorders are becoming the major cause of ill health and disability worldwide. Hemorrhoid is one such disease which makes human life miserable. Hemorrhoids is nothing but the varicosity of blood vessels found inside or around the bottom the rectum and anus. Age group of 45-65yrs, it is estimated that 50-85% of people around the world have hemorrhoids.[1] In India 75% of the population is estimated. Clinical features of hemorrhoid resembles with Arshas. In Ayurveda classics, there are detail information about the Aharaja (Anashana, Adhyashana), Viharaja (Ativyayama, Divaswapna), Manasika (Shoka, Krodha) and Agantujanidanas (Gudakharshana, Vastivibhrama) which are responsible for the manifestation of Arsha. Common symptoms are itching, burning sensation and pain in the region of Guda and finally bleeds.[2] Maintaining the health and providing the health is the main motto of Ayurveda. This ground incorporates usage of different remedies with focusing on Nidana Parivarjana. Thus understanding the Nidana Parivarjana is the prime importance. In this study an effort is done to identify the prime causative factors in deal to Arshas.

Mechanisms of liver damage in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
T. V. Pinchuk ◽  
N. V. Orlova ◽  
T. G. Suranova ◽  
T. I. Bonkalo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analyze Data

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing the coronavirus infection COVID-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge to health systems around the world. There is still little information on how infection affects liver function and the significance of pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for infection and severe COVID-19. In addition, some drugs used to treat the new coronavirus infection are hepatotoxic. In this article, we analyze data on the impact of COVID-19 on liver function, as well as on the course and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma, or those on immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation.

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