scholarly journals Analysis of the life conditions of quilombolas communities in Tocantins, Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Annyelle Figueredo Teles ◽  
Luciana da Costa da Silva ◽  
Amanda Cordeiro da Silva ◽  
Ibis Alan de Souza ◽  
Carla Simone Seibert
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
A Value ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
5Th Grade ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study carried out a descriptive approach on the living conditions of families in some quilombola communities in the state of Tocantins. Through the application of a structured questionnaire, 414 families were interviewed, distributed in 21 quilombola communities in the State. From the interviews, it was observed that the communities were formed by a higher percentage of male quilombolas, in the adult age group. Many families had an income of up to one minimum wage, a value also made possible by the Bolsa Família Program, which complements the income of these families. In addition, a significant percentage of the residents engaged in farming and/or handicraft activities, and most of the population had Elementary School I (5th grade) as an educational level. The results of this study revealed that, despite having improved the access of quilombola communities to schools, many families are low-income and still lack basic sanitation and electricity in their homes. Therefore, the information presented here can contribute to the implementation of public policies aimed at quilombola communities in Tocantins.

Transforming Subjects into Citizens: Insights from Brazil’s Bolsa Família

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Hunter ◽  
Natasha Borges Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
The State ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Bolsa Familia

Welfare programs distribute benefits to citizens. Perhaps even more importantly, by conveying powerful messages about how the state views poor people, welfare programs shape people’s views about themselves as subjects or citizens. Theoretical debates on how public policies can enhance democratic citizenship inspire our study of Brazil’s Bolsa Família (Family Grant). Has this conditional cash transfer program, which forms a major point of contact between the state and millions of poor Brazilians, elevated feelings of social inclusion and agency? A prominent perspective in the welfare-state literature would not expect a positive outcome given the strict means testing and behavioral requirements entailed. Yet our focus group research with Bolsa Família recipients suggests that the program does foster a sense of belonging and efficacy. Policy design and government discourse matter. This innovative welfare program yields rich insights on alternative paths to citizenship development for middle- and low-income countries in the third wave of democracy.

Who Cares for Poor? A Case Study on Beggars in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
Dr. Menka Saini ◽  
Prof. Jabir Hasan Khan ◽  
Tarique Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age

The present empirical study aims to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of beggar population and to find out the causes of begging. The adverse effects of this profession on the health, incidence of bad habits among the beggars and the problems faced by them have been also taken into account. The study is based on primary source of data, collected through the field survey and direct questionnaire to the respondents in the Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh during 2009. The study reveals that beggars are the most deprived section of the society who begged for sustaining their livelihood, living in abject poverty and on the mercy of people. It has been found that majority of beggars belongs to adult age-group (15-44), while, share of dependant population (particularly 0 to 15 years young age group) is higher in the rural areas of the district. The incidence of early marriages and big household size are very common among the beggars in the study area. Moreover, 86.5 per cent beggars’ population was illiterate and the average daily income of the beggars is  51-100 per day. The major causes which compelled them to engage themselves in begging are poverty, casteism and illiteracy. Majority of them suffer from tuberculosis, followed by anemia, weakness, leprosy etc. Poverty, low income, unemployment, low standard of housing and lack of civic amenities and facilities are their major problems

scholarly journals Stok Ikan Tapah (Wallago leeri) Yang Tertangkap Dengan Menggunakan Alat Tangkap Pengilar (Pot Trap) Di Sungai Sebangau Kota Palangka Raya

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Haryuni Haryuni ◽  
Anang Najamuddin ◽  
Subhan Abror Alhidayat ◽  
Firlianty Firlianty
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Research Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
Mystus Nemurus

This research was conducted to analyze: (1) the composition of Pengilar’s catches on the Sebangau River (2) the parameters of Tapah fish stocks, including size structures and long weight relationship (3) the effectiveness of Pengilar (Pot Trap) fishing gear used in the Sebangau River. This research was conducted in Sebangau River, Sebangau Sub-district, Palangka Raya City, and Limnology Laboratory of Fisheries Department of Palangka Raya University. Based on the research results can be concluded: The composition of fish species caught by using Pengilar (pot trap) fishing gear in Sebangau River during the study of 105 heads consisting of 6 species of fish that is Wallago leeri, Kryptopterus bicirrhis, Anabas testudineus, Mystus nemurus, Pristolepis fasciata, and Helostoma temminckii.  It is assumed that the structure of the Wallago leeri from observation frequency and theoretical frequencies tend to consist of only one age group (cohort). Wallago leeri fish has a constant b with a value of W = 2.789 SL and average of 0.958. The value of b indicates that the Wallago leeri fish in the Sebangau River belong to negative allometrics or long increments faster than weight gain, indicating the state of the skinny fish.  Lc25%  with length of 46,76 cm, Lc75%  with length 63.65 cm, and L50% with length of 55,21 cm. 

scholarly journals Retrospective study of the epidemiological overview of the transmission of Chagas disease in the State of Acre, South-Western Amazonia, from 2009 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerlandes Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Mariane Albuquerque Lima Ribeiro ◽  
Gabriela Vieira de Souza Castro ◽  
André Luiz Rodrigues Menezes ◽  
Renato Abreu Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
The State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Rural Zone ◽  
Group Form

Introduction: Chagas disease (CD), also known as American Trypanosomiasis, is an infectious parasitic disease caused by the etiologic agent Trypanosoma cruzi. It is considered endemic in the low-income population and is classified by the WHO as a neglected tropical disease. In the state of Acre, there is almost no scientific data regarding the epidemiology of CD, even though the first autochthonous case was registered in the 1980s. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological panorama of the transmission of Chagas disease in the State of Acre, Brazil, from 2009 to 2016. Methods: A survey of the occurrence of Chagas disease in the State of Acre was performed using public domain secondary data from the Brazil’s Notifiable Diseases Information System of SUS (publicly funded health care system), and from the SUS Database of the Health Surveillance Foundation of the State of Acre. Data were collected from the following variables: gender, age group, form of contagion, distribution by region and municipality, perimeter and seasonality. Result: Forty-two cases of CD were confirmed, with an increase of more than 300% from 2015 to 2016 and a frequency coefficient of 3.06 cases per 100,000 people, and in the Tarauacá/Envira region, the probability of a person contracting CD was 600% higher than the state mean. Conclusion: We found that in the state of Acre, in the period from 2009 to 2016, most cases of CD occurred in 2016, in the Tarauacá/Envira region, mainly in the municipality of Feijó, in the rural zone, from July to October, in the age group of 0 to 30 years, being the oral form the main route of transmission and presenting no statistical difference between men and women.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

Efficiency of pay for performance program on the brazilian judiciary

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cláudio de Jesus-Silva ◽  
Antônio Luiz Marques ◽  
André Luiz Nunes Zogahib
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Compensation Program ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This article aims to examine the variable compensation program for performance implanted in the Brazilian Judiciary. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with the servers of the Court of Justice of the State of Roraima - Amazon - Brazil. The strategy consisted of field research with quantitative approach, with descriptive and explanatory research and conducting survey using a structured questionnaire, available through the INTERNET. The population surveyed, 37.79% is the sample. The results indicate the effectiveness of the program as a tool of motivation and performance improvement and also the need for some adjustments and improvements, especially on the perception of equity of the program and the distribution of rewards.

scholarly journals Qualitative perspectives of the North Carolina healthy food small retailer program among customers in participating stores located in food deserts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Haynes-Maslow ◽  
Stephanie B. Jilcott Pitts ◽  
Kathryn A. Boys ◽  
Jared T. McGuirt ◽  
Sheila Fleischhacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
The State ◽  
The North

Abstract Background The North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (NC HFSRP) was established through a policy passed by the state legislature to provide funding for small food retailers located in food deserts with the goal of increasing access to and sales of healthy foods and beverages among local residents. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine perceptions of the NC HFSRP among store customers. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 29 customers from five NC HFSRP stores in food deserts across eastern NC. Interview questions were related to shoppers’ food and beverage purchases at NC HFSRP stores, whether they had noticed any in-store efforts to promote healthier foods and beverages, their suggestions for promoting healthier foods and beverages, their familiarity with and support of the NC HFSRP, and how their shopping and consumption habits had changed since implementation of the NC HFSRP. A codebook was developed based on deductive (from the interview guide questions) and inductive (emerged from the data) codes and operational definitions. Verbatim transcripts were double-coded and a thematic analysis was conducted based on code frequency, and depth of participant responses for each code. Results Although very few participants were aware of the NC HFSRP legislation, they recognized changes within the store. Customers noted that the provision of healthier foods and beverages in the store had encouraged them to make healthier purchase and consumption choices. When a description of the NC HFSRP was provided to them, all participants were supportive of the state-funded program. Participants discussed program benefits including improving food access in low-income and/or rural areas and making healthy choices easier for youth and for those most at risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Conclusions Findings can inform future healthy corner store initiatives in terms of framing a rationale for funding or policies by focusing on increased food access among vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals The Rotavirus Vaccine Landscape, an Update

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Roberto Cárcamo-Calvo ◽  
Carlos Muñoz ◽  
Javier Buesa ◽  
Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Oral Vaccines

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute childhood gastroenteritis, responsible for more than 128,500 deaths per year, mainly in low-income countries. Although the mortality rate has dropped significantly since the introduction of the first vaccines around 2006, an estimated 83,158 deaths are still preventable. The two main vaccines currently deployed, Rotarix and RotaTeq, both live oral vaccines, have been shown to be less effective in developing countries. In addition, they have been associated with a slight risk of intussusception, and the need for cold chain maintenance limits the accessibility of these vaccines to certain areas, leaving 65% of children worldwide unvaccinated and therefore unprotected. Against this backdrop, here we review the main vaccines under development and the state of the art on potential alternatives.

scholarly journals Prevalence of female urinary incontinence in the state of Roraima, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Maciel De Lima Junior ◽  
Elizângela Castelo Branco
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Stress Incontinence ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mixed Incontinence ◽  
Social Discomfort ◽  
Significant Health

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a significant health problem leading to physical, psychological and social discomfort, especially in elderly women. A study of prevalence and classification of UI in the Roraima state was taken up to aid in formulation of healthcare policy and improvement of patient referral facilities. A retrospective study of 765 female patients who have undergone urodynamic examination between November 2013 and December 2014 has been conducted. Subjects were classified in to diagnostic classes: normal, stress incontinence, mixed incontinence, sensitive emergency, overactive bladder, and others. The overall prevalence of UI was 58.4%. The highest prevalence was observed in the menopausal age group (45- 49 years). Among the etiologies of UI, stress incontinence ranked highest at 30.9%, followed by overactive bladder at 6.9%. In the 25-55 years age group, stress incontinence was predominant (50-63%), while overactive bladder became significant (14-44%) in later years. The prevalence of UI in women in the state of Roraima, was high, in line with its prevalence in Brazil, as well as other western countries.

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